You can begin it today Chapter 2
The
THE CHINA MAH, SATURDAY, APR 24, 1934.
✪
FRONT LINE DOCTOR The great untold story of the War
Swift Sleep
In the hiding-places of the Maquis
it saved lives
today in our
hospitals its wonder-work goes on
TODAY "Front Line Doctor" turns to the fascinating subject of anaesthetics. Nowhere more than in this field was the thrust of war so effective in pushing forward new techniques which are now in everyday practice......Based entirely on official papers and interviews with men eminent in modern medicine is this inspiring story
of
"Front
Line Doctor." It is the great untold story of the war. This is Chapter Two..
by JOHN DEANE POTTER
a sultry summer
day
in 1944 in the
The French
for asked
Martin bent up the secratury to prove he had not collaborated,
Superior
At the operating theatre the white- rohva Mother TV and said. "We have breni expecting you, Marun. The thealse
Monsieur
is ready
The French house surgeon melaninantes et ebloroform through an intialer Da nun littel Theate FELLS while
opurukani.
Kunnera
Moquts เกยเง
every
me to the hospital.
e-
The operation took an hour, Then the nuns took the boy and house.
hal han u the boller
They murseni ku thoro secrelly
for right days until he WUN well enough to be
MAZVOJ,
underground had
This Dvcustom French-speakling まず
Franse THE GEON
OWAY
the WIS
utt Munale 18+ Marlin operate
only which
who hud
e with was In-
h
d
sleepy little French states were watched and daze
town of Oyonnax, attend to Maquis in the Jurn mountains, 11 Fren dest atoeky, pule-faced English.
For five months In the
man was methodically bent. Chstow clearings of the Jurn ing up a hospital secretary, Prest
Monsieur Henri Martin
וניז
anathetic. la แ and
other
The
surgeon
Martin
Magula
per atend who were brought
known
The
opera- the forest otki in
<
cellars weru
duno with
ampoules
of
A he crepi
t ut the
The white pow-
wounded
DRAWING
in wine
BY HOBK
as he was known to the ban' in home-drawn corta. Maquis smashed the
srcretary's nase with
遗忘
straight left. Then with professional precision he dislodged two of his front teeth and blacked his eye.
The
bark
21 pied
forest and operatent i unelenground fighters
Bhuta and pausties where the
homer, had hulden them.
But then
the Holl noi, kattered Tac 1 and tested that he had dete E murally operated kneeling
at 1.2.
tj 「H
a durer
Cum aratge boxing blue
Then Ire sich
tremely sorry.
ניי
te to the Germans that g jirntre
but
ir και 116
It
are not in tongue with wa
+
כלו4
the ground beside the wounded men. The Maquis muda ats of brughs, and form-up hata were used as bonlnges.
That he could not have per – formed these sperations without anaesthetia Precas
The
inos!
as better than being shot."
Today the man ne Maquis ng of the Second World War
Henri Martin innerves
Pentothal Patents in his Harley Street You just it to the vein of Few of then the patient fund witum. 201 bban of the seconds he loses consejouNIHSS,
Crestilling-1820. hober the thin
THE HEALING HANDS AGAIN
THIS TIME it is the anaesthetist,
the hupodermic holding carries the life-saving Pentolhat
that
Si, Zachary Cope, in his great book" Surgery, in World War Two"-on which this series is bafed-repeals astonishing cale histories of just how, mych fesh and blood can stand when it has to
THE CASE OF THE VŽ VÍCTÍM
EVERYONE who has ever been in an airteald remembere the dread of a direct hit. But this really happened to a woman of 62.
A large fragment of a V2 crashed through her roof. The roof fell in, and a safter three inches in diameter apeared her right; through When reactiers ¿reaches her they had to saw through the beam eo each sido to extricato her from the, wreckige
She reached hospital with twều feat at wood still to ner body, One end offt projected at the back below the twelfth ribe The other end showed through a rent in the abdominal wall. She had numerous other severe woŋSSON,
When surgeons took out the rafter they also seznorod more than a pound of epilaters and ceiling plaster from her body.
The surgeon wrote in his case book: "The patient made a good recovery,”
...1..
FO
the annes-
under pressure thetist con blow up the lungs at will. This enobles the surgeon to work within the chest with- out danger.
In the thirties it was realised that the anaesthetist was rapidly becoming specialist.
In 1930 A Diploma In Anaesthesia was institiated. But
1939 there were only Ave men with the diploma in the R.A.M.C. By 1945 there were 25 times the number of theao top-skilled specialists.
This example was followed by all the hospitals. Now at one big hospital in London there are six senior and six junior full- time anaesthetists.
W dearts
WHILE
Medical
Curare
surgeons operated in atici Jungles the Research Council
carried on its work in Britain.
And In the scientists Were
Commonwealth working detachedly and absorbedly in Laboratories.
For instance, in the Homeo- pathic Hospital, Montreal, # middle-aged doctor called Harold Randall Grimth was working
that for years they did not use there is little danger if he stays with his girl assistant, Dr Edith intravenous drugs in the
American Forces.
doctor One American used Pentothal at
Harbour
under for three hours.
Johnson, who was studying to be With this Goliath-like in an anaesthetist, He was ex- anaesthesia perimenting with a drug called whe provement
curare. have come other giant steps fur- Pear!
Sungeons can ward in surgery. spid: now
afterwords "Intravenous, anaesthesia is the ideal method of euthanasia."
cart
operate in almost every
It was one of the oldest and part of the body and know their strangest puisons known to mun. In tho unexplored Amazon patient is quite safe.
Jungles primitive tribesmen A doctor wrote in the Ameri- Today the anaesthetist, with tipped the arrows and blow- rubber wheeled, circular pipe darts with it. When the journal Anaesthesiology: his
green and red arrow struck its victim he fell "Every advance In anaestheal trolley, with its
canisters and its
transparent paralysed. hus been marked by its tragedies phials and gauges, is one of the
In 1942 they, announced they ....the basis of this criticism is leading actors in the drama of had discovered a new and in- drawn frotn The number of the operating theatre.
relax muscles genious way to And this anaesthetic changed it took the drug to travel from cent from his normal state and
"If you lower him len per- patients who succumbed durung
-by injecting curare. the whole course of war surgery,
and immeamtely following the elbow to the brain. It was light and easy to carry.
make him unconscious you use of Evipal (an earlier in- needed
claurate wund
him Many operations were done in have brought
that much travenous anacathcue) and weighty
It upparatus.
WIN
with Pentathal alone. To- nerer death already. If he is Pentothui on the lateful Decuu- injected directly into the blood- day it is mostly used as a pre- given too bis
dosc a
of ber 7, 1941." stream through a vein. It took minary dope which does away anesthetic you will bring him
most of the terrors of
der Pentolhal.
effect at once,
By the close of the Africa and Ralian cangalgn
a rough idea of the time that
WAF
with
right up to the edge of death........ In sonic cuses over
anaesthesia.
People 80 percent of
four the mask, the edge." operations-bath forward and gasping, the feeling of suffoca- behind the lines-involved the tion that a nesepurable from use of Penlothal, At the end instuction with either, which was of the war Pentothal was used the commonest method of pre- than 90 percent of war anaesthesia. Sometimes it Look from 20 minutes to an hour LG
patient get a
completely under.
ini
more
operations.
Slowly.
Legte of Honour in
in the lepel Then one day the mysterious fun grey Juckel, And Monsteur Martin WILS faced
bin, about
14 he with a situation which he could the war began British
not dent with in the dark forest. surgeons realised the
They
asked would not discuss 1k.
to
the
anaesthetic.
act-
an
4.
He would net, for instance,
An 18-year-old farmer's boy vantages of Pentothal 16 tell them about a certain mom in a clash with a German patrol emergency
molnight in May ten years was shot in the alxiomen. He small amount of Pentothal was
hen he parachuted into a developed peritonitis. when he
alowly injected into the large French swamp to be
vein in front of the surgem:
elbow of He was wounded Man. made to count slowly.
Gradually be mumbled, then he missed a number or two. Before he renched 22 he was usually fast asleep.
If he did not get to a hospital to the Maquis.
very quickly he was sure to die. Pattering down beside him in So u Maquis girl called Josette slk came other parachutes eveled into Oyonnax. When she with suppphew of pluster of park, Tented that the German motor Collapsade splints, and dressings paisols had left, Monsieur Martin in metal containers. There was and 100 men marched into town. o mill of khaki conva, A Fifty man took over the town nal, St others went to the loops and pockets ineunten- ing emagh struments to enable hospital with him. Murtin to pertura Nefore Almost any kind of operation
operating
proceeding theatre
Experience
-
The
His
Giant steps
Is duties are almost as, im portant as those of the white coated, surgeon with the electric Another American doctor, cauterising knife in his rubber- the, commenting op the anaesthetic gloved hand.
Harbour, sal debacle of Pearl ructully: "We thought you had inly gut to be able to hit a vein
anesthetist."
become
ลด
***
A
A
plaque in the hospital marks the day when Dr Grimth first used, curaro to relax the muscles in an appendicitis case.
In Korea
was
HE jakes the patient's blood. TOWARDS the end of the war presstive loaving the, rubber cul 1 curare, in a form called on, he can take it again Introcostin was used in military during the operation.
? surgery. HE injects Pentothal. When. But, it
until the not sately and Yet, it was used. HAT was why the Americans
the pătimat via, anconsciouswyde Korean War that It was used percent of gives him inhalant anaesthetics, regularly by British anaesthetists. were suspicious of Pentothat' suceustually in
British wartime operations. The
Canadian throughout most of the war,
reason was that the British blood transition which of McGill University, who com
gives the patient anaesthetist, Dr Charles Egan,
pôme prominent Now inhalanteñuesthetics When the Jap bombers flocked doctors with the longer experi- routine in most long operations manded the Canadian Special can be given after the patient
OVET Pearl Harbour
that, ence of qudden wor
casualties today. has passed out from a vein in
Flald Surgical team, used !! 194) Also he December day in Jection of Pentothal.
the knew that Pentathal' should be
He commented took omninous ep- American Fleet does not see the
many, given in sparing quantities to
ruumily afterwards paratus of the theatre.
thousands of casualties. They shocked and wounded men.
Fortunatoly had brought But do not
along, enough curare with me, run away with had Pertothal but little experi- the idea that injecting the,, ence of its use.
There is not the least shadow of wonder drug can be left to an
doubt that it alone meant the unskilled orderly,
The apacatholic many, hoye 19, difference of life over death in
(I)
They gave.seriously wounded The actual. injection is comparatively easy men the same dose of the drug that British, apaesthetists knew but the timing and dosage.
should give only to a t
and experience.
DO-
Revolutionary
HE may be called upon to Inject life-saving stimulant drugs, through the tubo used for transfusion.
* Kappa
Atea
Ama
NE of the reasons why it is be given through a tube in the some of those last-ditch cases." ONE
carefully administered is windpipe. Wartime facial In With theme words a brilliant quire the must precise knowledge you
man American vafors died as that once it is in the
vein it Juriss could not be operated upo Canadian doctor awarded a war while the patient wore a mask, medal to curare.. The ancient So anaesthetists became adept killer was proclaimed as the at inserting a rubber tubeint latest life-giver in the world's and ather Inhalant the patient's windpipe. But, to most recent war. anaesthetics which are fed into do it demands a split-bai: sküll the lungs continuously, can be delicate as a cat's whisker. cut off if anything appears to be Closer-circuit anaesthesia may
o result.
is... beyond the enoesthetist's As one eminent anaesthetist
This extra hidden tragedy of control. The number he said before he put it to ime: "To give a man the drifted over the border of con- an aesthetic is to bring him Pearl Harbour so shocked the
American medical
Ether authorities le nearer to death Monsieur sciousness gave the anaestheüst
10
"Picasso On Stilts" Is No Radiant
L
Paris.
ET'S take a look at the
glant Marseilles block
of
From
flats culled The lifts, garage, Radiant City, built by 10-acre gurden adjoining. French architect Le Corbu
sler.
Now some
very strong things have been said. in France about Le Corbusier's,
STEPHEN COULTER
and has a room, dining-room, one large, two small bedrooms, kitchen and bathroom, renk is £3.0s. d. Fials rango from
a week, sale price £3,850. ont-room "bachelor studios" to those of
There are other "worker" several rooms for families with
Data at 24 2s. 6d. a week, sale "labour
price £5,200. children and all are and space saving."
Klichens
eliminate smells.
etc.,
To all these rents, are added (Le Corbusier coils charges
for cleaning, hallway notions of what snug them "laboratories") are part lights, rubbish clearance,
cupboards home should be. His Mar- of the living room:
so that an average family rents abound: every flat Is fitted about £3 188, a week, nellles block of flats hus with air conditioning inlets
"Dear?" been called "a grey cement (which heat in winter and cool
says Le Corbuster. "a toad,"
wart" and in summer): electricity, & "But look at all the amenities telephone, an automatic rubbish you get. Besides, the building "Picasso on stilts."
chute and a suction system to was an experiment." Le Corbusier's block-
Having paid down his £5,200, which has whipped up Bedrooms for children have the lucky owner doesn't become Ho Iшst probably more heated argu- movable partitions, one of which king of his castle.
All Bats are
obey the "Radiant City" rules. ment than any other single is a blackboard, building in the world is sound-proofed and some of the
larger have interior staircases. 442, feet long, rises. 178 feet above the pavement and The size of an average family looks like glant box living room is about fiti, pins.
Ly 10ft. Bing, standing on plies.
Some local people also think it looks Üke an ad- vanced gaol, others like a barracks.
Its unpolished concrete facade is cut by 18 rows of coloured windows,
Aand abovo, two flat concrete alabs stand up vertically...
The Loss
City
wrong.
have to be used. This saved,
Early in thwar Bruch the lives of many Servicepien
*
sungeons, realised that not why chest. wounds. Belore, only wore they faced with new chest injuries were often fatal Dr Pilchet, of Marselilca said drugs but the whole method of because the lung collapsed when
administering-anaesthetics had the place was "likely to have a
exposed to atmospheric pressure. paychopathie effect on the in- to be revolutionised. Although I wns
begun to habitants." October 1947, the building let loose such violent criticism that the head of Le Corbusier whose All this has gone right over it was nearly torn down is De real name is Charles-Edouard would have to change under the Atoday are done with closed- a half-trained house surgeon LL heart and lung operations Jeanneret.
oh kat Pe
of
The
where prowar practice anaesthetics were often given by the busy general practitioner or
burden of battle.
#516, 12
204
Delicately
circuit anaesthesti.
cember, 1981, after only seven Boora had been built, when the
Born in Switzerland, French Council of State opposed
natur- alised French, 66-year-old LoThe surgeon, had to be able to
With the closed circuit, u its erection.
Corbusier, son
a watches with fanatical concentra-
patient h
has an inhaling mask Optimists said it would be maker, is a member of 40 ion on the job he was doing,
over his face connected with the after com- foreign academies. full in a month
Before this time while he apaestoglie machine. The gases pletion, but in spite of enormous publicity, local families were in Covered with honours, he was operatod, the surgeon often had he inhalca do not, as he breathos so little hurry to move in that awarded E gold medal in to keep mo eye on the patient's out, go into the pppn gir. They where return to the maching last April by British, &eneral condition. fest tenants didn't appear until London July, 1952-and the government, architects, wears glaring cow-{{:
they are purified for rebreathing, had to jet most of the building boy whista,, pelata to the manner Doctors tallume, that; as
rostit of nationalised of Picasso, sometimes lives in a
of wartime experience the to civil servants,
The anaesterntion
can
with industries and collective bodies, log cabin in the South of France, Jeep forward in the science of ir stow
the and thinks American bullders ansactbesie
greatest down. The, broshing until Akashkayak TEC
advance ever are "incredibly timid."
ever known in medicine, almost stops. How is this done? By delicately blanding his gases Say critics: Up to now, these
Techniques which were red and injecting a drug which de No, dog or cats aro allowed,
#examples of the living-space garded as e miracje provar only posits the breathing centre of In the building. Nor any visitors In December,AN HADBONNE klą 1. foro.workben zhnik) hoen con- to be tackled by a handful of the brali. So when the surgeon }; not definitely invited. No tenant French Aesthetic, Society sued slifered no inpvltavin ill. Now top-ranking, anaosthetista, are comes to the life-and-dosta moment the patient is unmoving Owner may knock, a nail in Le Corbuster: for 20,000 say architects are trying to justify how commonplace. the wall
easy anyway log his Badiant City wow
them.". since they're made of concrete) cage, a cemetery that
"Once there was dangor „to a or hang up curtains of a differs humanises inhabitants," and "a Retorts » Le Corbuller: "Let puffent if he was kops, under an The patient, can be givazi ent colour from that of the
monastery," but lost the case, them all bark at my ideas.
Anaesthetic for an hour. Now anaesthetic gaste and paintwork in the ground floor Loggia.
not
Fine? Well...to begin Parents bedrooms aro with the whole building was separated, but overhang living originally proposed to cost rooms, so that a sick father or £350,000 and in fact has awal- mother cannot be isolated. lowed £2,000,000.
Tenants can be given notice to The State had to step in and quit in three months, on simple provido cash to finish it but are receipt. of a registered latter. L1, flats are sold, the loss will radiant, City" corridors * no like moncrete streets marked
· ་ 、 ཀ It has been estimated that by doors, which are lighted they coloured les visitors find themselves, talking in whispers.,
Apart from the windows be about £1,000,000. the 18 floors of this "radiant citycontain 845 flats for for the same price housing (1,600 people, plus 45 dats #2,000 ontvary via restafirant, a 16-rpom could have been rum
hotel for guests, swimming, Hire Arent of a bachelor bath, aun • bathappaat droom Bat, kaahon angalau space theat
onoi
“It reminds you of a hospital," Abay may, or, ang diternment
I
The Architect
JOHNNY HAZARD
BUT I ASSURE MI99 P'ANDRES JI VZEARS 1YOU THERE.
VHAS BEEN A [TO ME AH'WADY MELIPAYINDZI ||TRINGIN'ATHIZING KHANE WADDERY KANSTAKESPO
WINIA KRINTABLE PLACIEL 209 SALatest Hind
Beter at trimestra wet APSVERITAS
THERE CHORD HAS BERNAMAA BUT THANKS TO MR. TRÊS |AH WASN'T TAKEN IN DİY EXPENSIVE FAKE YUH: DEZANOSTISELE MILZ
as a stone.
·སློང་མ
na
26. A.
By Frank Robbing
INI?
NOONAN '17 BOUGH A
TEDA BUTINOTA
ACTURE HERE...ANSNETTARES
MAH FRIENDS!
oxymen
1.1
GOT YOY
NEXT WEEK
million gave their blood
POCKET CARTOON
by OSDERT LANCASTER
19,*
HEN I'm all for secret diplomacy after all, bjusthis time one's just habang HAD;obám covenanti joperty neelofa ajiin.
Mai 2010 wh
this situation
calls for
Miguel