THE CHINA MAIL, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1958.
SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS
I
"TRIUMPH AND TRAGEDY" CHAPTER 25
JOINT DECLARATION
T was, said Stalin, a
great event in Poland
that the country had
been liberated. by
Soviet troops, and this had
changed everything. It was
ON POLAND
well known that the Poles matter over. The, three Misla- +H+||||||
had not liked the Russians, ters accordingly ruct at noon
nsked
10
When.
con
however, the
Ambassador:
The
"rcor-
should for
1
seeing
how
these Polish want some kind of assurance to
A...
by whoso repart: the *C-- spective Governments whind be informed about the situa- tion in Poland.
up
Poles should have
of part
East Prussin be free
ко the line of the Oder to
doubtful about going any farther or saying anything an the question at this stage, and I told the Conference that we had had a telegram from the War
which strongly de- precated any reference 10 frowler as far west as the West- ern Neisse because the problem of moving the population was too big to mas
Mr Roosevelt said he
because they had three on Feb. 9. They were unable to This instalment continues the discussions on times helped to partition agree.
Con- Poland which took place at the Yalta Con-
This was the best I could get. Poland.
ference assembled in plenary ference. At the plenary session of Feb. 8
When the Conference re- But the advance of the session at four o'clock in the
assembled nt 4.45 Mr Eden Soviet troops and the libera- afternoon Μασίαν produced Stalin had maintained that the members read out a statement which the
frosh tion of Poland had complete- forno
proposals which
thren Foreign Secretaries had ly changed their mood. The American
nearer to the of the Communist Polish "Government" were .much
agreed. I was concerned to draft. The old resentment had disup- Government was to be
Lubin formed in Lublin were popular because note that it said nothing about
frontiers,
and I said that the peared, and had given way ganised on a wider democratic they had remained in Poland during whole world would want to to goodwill and even en-
basis, with the inclusion of de-
know Gorman mocralle leaders
whereas the in principle about the western from Poland the
occupation,
why. We were all agreed thusiasm for the Russians,
itself, and also from those v London Government-in-exile were not liked. frontler, and the only question Stalin said it, was his im- ing abroad."
Was where exactly the line pression that the Polish
|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|-·|||||||||||▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬||||||||+ should be drawn and how much population considered the
we should say about it. driving out of the Germans a great patriotic holiday in HE and the British and Ameri- no doubt to the United States) criticism, like Caesar's wife. I Polish life, and they were consult together In Moscow quarrels were being settled? Tito give to the world, and I don't astonished that the London about how this would be done, took pain when vinne want anybody to be able to THE
Yugoslavia place
he question their purity, It is a reorganised, Government did not take Quce any part in this festival of overnment would be pledged would not object to Russian, matter of good politics ruther and
elections hold free
British and American observers than CS SOUND
principle," the Polish nution. They us possible, and we should being present to report im- "I am afraid," said Molotov, they wished, but we were very saw on the streets the mem. then recognise whatever Gov-partially to the world that they "that if we insert the American bers of the Provisional ernment emerged.
had been carried out fairly, draft the Poles will feel they are Mir Stettinlus had desired but Government, *
not trusted. We had better So far as Greece was written pledge that the Am-
con discuss it with them." where were the London bassadors
Warsaw in
should cerned, his Majesty's Govern
I was not content with this, Poles. This undermined the observe
and report
the ment would greatly welcome and resolved to raise it with Cabinet that
American, prestige of the London elections were really free and
Russian and British Stalin later on. The opportunity bui unfettered.
Molotov
observers to make Government, and was the
posed this, brenuse, reason why the Provisional alleged, it would offend
he elections were conducted as the presented itself next day. the people wished, The sarpe Government, though not Poles: Subject to this and to a question would arise in
Italy. great mun, enjoyed great few minor amendments, he ac- The British formula there. was
cepted the United States plan. The samo-Russian, American TUST before our last effective prefer to hear what the new popularity.
his was a considerable it uresent to arsure the world that and I had a private conversation Univ
Band, British observers should be J meeting, on Feb, 10. Eden Fall h Government of National vaper, and I sold so, but
said about it my duty to sound a general everything had been done in with Stalin and Molotov at the
suggested omitting all reference This would be the fair way. these warning. that STALIN thought
Yusupov Villa, at which I once to the line in the west. meetings." facts could not be ignored if Inst but one of our
more explained how difficult it "We should certainly mention There
piters of the we wanted to understand
was an atmosphere
It was Impossible, I saki, to
was for us to have no re- the eastern frontier," said Stalin. feelings of the Polish people. I agreement, but there was also exaggerate the importance of
presentatives in Poland wha I supported him in this, although had said that I feared the Con- a desire to put foot in the stir carrying out clections fairly. For could report what was going on. I knew there would be much ference separating before agree. rup and be off. We could not, Instance, would Mikolajczyk be The alternatives were either an criticism.
go back to Poland and Ambassador with an ment was reached. What then I declared, afford to allow the able to
embassy As for the western frontier. I was to be done? The various sctilement of these important
organise his party for the staff
or newspaper correspon- said that the wishes of the new Governments had different In matters to be hurried and
the elections?
dents.
Polish Government should Br formation. and drew different fruits of the Conference lost
That will have to be con- from it. Perhaps for lack of another 24 hours. A
be ascertained. and that the conclusions
Itsolt the Brst thing was to call lo- great prize was in view and desidered by the Ambassaders and
frontier
should M. Molotov when they meet the
determined дз
of the peace part of Poles from the cisions must be unhurried.
settlements. After different camps and hear what These might well be among the Poles," said Stalia.
some further which was discussion,
conigli- eated by the President's inability under the United States Con- stitution to settle matters of this kind without the approval of the Senate, wo
eventually agreed what to do.
gether the
they had to say.
There, was dissatisfaction, he continued. because the Polish Government not clected was
D
on
most important plays in lives.
op
our
Mr Roosevelt declared that
the differences between us and the Russians were now largely
It would naturally be belter to
a matter of words, but both he have a Government based free elections, but the war bad and I were anxious that the so far prevented that. But the elections should really be fair day was near when elections Aid free. I told Stalin that we could be held. Until then we were at a great disadvantage. must deal with the Provisional because we knew so little Government.
as we had dealt. what was going on inside Po- for instance,
de land and yet had to take de- with Gen. Gaulle's Government in France, virions of great responsibilty.
which also was not elected.
If we approached the
without prejudice
ground.
We
essentials.
Plied
matter
ንዒ ር should
Aud.comUILƏN. tu.
of
surc
the
The latter was less desirable, but I pointed out that I should be asked in Parliament about the Lublin Government and the elections and I must be able to ray that I new what was happening. REPLIED, "I must be able to "After
new Pollsh tell the House of Commons that Government is recognised it the elections will be free and would be open to you to send an that there will be effective Ambasador to Warsaw," Stalin guarantees that they are freely answered. and fairly carried out."
Stalin pointed out Mikołajczyk belonged
the
"Would he be free to move that about the country?"
Pensant Party, which, as it was
the
THE
to manage.
would
The Provisional Government
the
which is now functioning in Poland should therefore be reorganised 03 A broader
basis, with democratic inclusion of democraile leaders from Poland Itself and trom Poles abroad. This DOW Goverment should then called the Polish Provisionut Government of National Unity.
bu
M, Molotov. Mr Harriman and Sir A. Clark Kerr are authorised as a commission to consult in the first instance in Moscow with members of the
This
present Provisional Govern- ment and with other Polish democratie leaders from with- in Poland and from abroad with view the reorganisa- tion of the present Govern- ment along the above lines.
Polisti Provisional Government of National Unity shall be pledged to the holding of free and unfettered cloc tions as soon as possible on the basis of universal suffrage and secret ballot. In theso elections all democratic and anti-Nazi parties shall have the right to take part
and to forward candidates, put (nav
matic
When a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity has been properly formed in conformity with the above, the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which now
maintains diplo relations with the prosent Provisional Govern- ment of Poland and the United Government of the Kingdom and the Government of the United States will WELL catablish diplomatic relations the new Polish Govern- of National Unity, and exchange Ambassadors, whose
the reports spective Governments will be kept
tho informed about situation in Poland.
ment of
and
wlit
by
10 the "As far as the Red Army is THE communique issued at the
conezrned," there will be 110
my
but you follows
Gaulle had a representative in Poland.
We then, agreed to add the following to our declaration:
As a consequence of the above, recognition would entail an exchange of Ambassadors,
A
[apart from the
situation has
re-
The three heads of Govern- ments consider that the castern
Poland frontier of should follow the Curzon Line, with digressions from it in some regions of five to eight kilometres
faveur 10
Tot Poland. They recognise that Poland must receive substan- tial accessions of territory in the north nad west,
They feel that the opinion of the new Polish Provisional Government of National Unliy should be sought in due course, оп the extent of these accessious, and that the fino: delimitation of the western frontier of Poland should thereafter await the Peace Conference.
(Continued on Monday)
end of the Conference n :cord- not a Farelst party, could take interference with bls-znovements, ingly included a folal declara- part in the elections and put up and I
premist to give the tion about Poland, and ran as its candidates. I said that thia
necessary instructions. would be still more certain if will have to make your own preamble]:
(World Copyright reserved. Re- KNEW, for instance, that the Peasant Party were already arrangements with the Polish
been production, even partially, in ́any bele situation was not
new "the" Polish Governinent." there was bitter feeling aning-represented. In The
crented in Poland as a result language, strictly prohibited).. ar tragle as I thought, and the the Poles and that M. Usubka- Government und, Stalin agreed Stalln also pointed out that de of her complete liberation by
could be
hod settled if to Morawsk! question
used
Government should very that
the Red Army, This calls for at fierce language, und had include one of their representa- much imporinttee was not
the establishment of a Polish ..tached 10 secondary mailers been told that the Lublla, Cov- tives.
Provisional Government which and if
concentrated on trament had openly Said
said that we should have to
can be
more broadly based would try as traitors all mem- teave it at that, and added that
then was possible before the "How soon." asked the Pro- bers, of the Polish Home Army I hoped that nothing I had sald
recent liberation of Western sident, "will it be possible
undergrouod 10 and
movement. had given offence, since nothing.
Paland. This, I said. caused me
an had been hold elections?"
further from Must and distress. "Within a month," Stalin re-
heart. there is some
course "unless
put the security of We shall have to hear," he catastrophe on the front, which the Red Army first, but I begged answered, "what the Poles have Is improbable."
Stalin to consider our difficulty, to say." I explained that I sold that this would, of The British Government did not wanted to be able to carry the course, set our minds at rest, know what wa
was going on inside eas
eastern frontier question through and we could
wholeheartedly Poland, except through dropping Parliament, and I thought this support a freely elected Govern- brave men by parachute and might be done it Parliament
would ment which
supersede bringing members of the under was satisfied that the Poles had everything else, but we must not ground
We been able to decide for them- movement out, ask for anything which would in had no other means of know- selves what they wanted, any way hamper the milliary ing, and did not like getting our
good operations. These were, the Information in this way. supreme end. If, however, the How could this be remedied will of the Polish people could without in any way hampering they have had
bo ascertained in so short a the movements of the Soviet scientists aand musicians, but ume, or even within- two troops? Could any facilities be they are very quarrelsome." months, the situation would be granted to the British (and "All I want," I answered, "is entirely different
for all sides to get A Lair could oppose It.
Our meeting on Feb. 11 merely hearing." We thereupon, agreed to let approved the report on the
ference. Serious" discussion ended "The elections," said our Foreign Secretaries talk the on Feb. 10.
President, "must be above
and
no one
Con-
I
There are some very Pamong them," he replied. are good fighters, and some good
NO KNIFE AND FORK
I
FOR THE QUEEN
TONGA.
TN the Pacific islands of
already they are planning a picnic for the Queen when she arrives there on Decem ber' 19.
By BERTRAM JONES
tho
down
There will be no tables u will mount guard around the chairs, no knives or forks. palace walls until musicians Tonga, which are also the Queen of England will sit serenade on bamboo dules.
And the Queen of Tonga and come -to play a gentle called the Friendly Islands, down together on the gross and With the new day will come
cat with their fingers
an even bigger feast-this time Daughters of the tribal semen hundred baskets of food, will break up the food for the chiels will bo waitresses. They for anyone who still can eat.
The Queen and the Duke will two queens--and, if it is the stay In Tonga for Iwo days. But no tea-and- royal wish, pop the food into. They will arrive there from the
their mouths.
Fill Islands, 450 mlics away. sandwiches plcnic, this. By There will be roast pork and And in Fl too the plans are order of Tonga's Queen poultry, fish both cooked and belog made, the great feast of Salote, the friendly queen raw, lobsters and crabs, and welcome prepared. (remember her brilliant thousands of yams.
From villages for miles around smile at the Coronation?),
the Fijians will come on foot this will be a banquet-but the Duke of Edinburgh will will ple into a mound twice as After the feast the Queen and with gifts of food which they laid out on the grass, Tonga- retire to Tanga's Victorian-style high as your sitting-room, and style.
wooden palace--Balote here three times as big. and her household have already Here too there will be pork One hundred baskets, 6ft, moved out to another royal and yams, poultry and fab, long and 18 inches deep, all houro.
Lobsters: aramared with food, will be And while the visitors steep, For in this way the men and carried to the picnic. That is hundreds of band-picked Tongan Women of the Pacific show their the royal grder.
men, with flaring pala torches, love for their Great Queen.) -
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