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SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL'S
**TRIUMPII AND TRAGEDY”
WAR MEMOIRS
CHAPTER 18
REVOLT IN GREECE...AND
THE STIR THAT FOLLOWED
British
to the British troops entered ed
distracted that we must open fre: Sceing doubts or hedging. I had in Southern Greece early in Cabinet. The regular Greek how tired he was, I said to him, my mind Arthur Balfour's cele
1944, and oc- Mountain Brigade and the "if you like to go to bed, leave brated telegram in the 'eightlos
11 to me." October,
He did, and at about to the cupied Athens by the Sacred Squadron were to 3 am. I drafted the following Ireland:
to telegram: middle of that month. It remain. E.L.A.S. were was, however, November keep a brigade of their own. before the last Germans and E.D.E.S. [the Nation- crossed the northern fron- list guerillas] were to be iler.
given a small force.
According to the Caserta
agreement, September,
all
But at the last moment signed in the E.AM. Ministers wert Greek back on their own proposals, guerilla forces were 10 on which they had wasted n be under the orders of precious week, and demand- M. Papandreou's coalition ed that the Mountain Brig- Government, which put nde should be disbanded. them under command of The Communist tactic was the British Gen. Scoble. How in full swing. On Dec. 1 E.L.A.S., the Communist the six Ministers associated dóminated "People's Na with E.A.M. resigned, and a tional Army of Libera general strike in Athens tion," did not observe this was proclaimed for the fol- agreement, though lowing day,
The rest of the Cabinet pasted E.A.M., the "National Liberation Front" which a deerce dissolving the guerillas,
headquarters from. was their political wing, and the Communist party moved
Skoble lasued was represented in the capital. Gen. Scob Government.
message to the people of Greece stating that he stood Arm behind REVOLT
by
the present constitutional Gov- E.A.M.
im-. ernment until the Greek State minent, and on Nov. can be established with a legally was armed force and free ecelions 15 Gen, Scobie
I issued a similar can be held." counter- directed to make
personal statement from London. preparations. Athens was to be declared a military area, and authority was given to
Was
118
the
A
Gen.
to
ON Sunday, Dec. 3. Communist supporters, engaging in order all E.LA.S. troops to
cellided leave it. The 4th Indian banned demonstration,
day begun. The next Division was sent from Italy with the police, and civil war
ordered E.L.A.S. and Scobje to Salonika, Athens, Patras. The Greek Brigade evacuate Athens and the Piraeus Instead their troops also came from Italy and forthwith.
and
civilia tried to armed became the centre of con- troversy between Papan- seize the capital by force.
E.A.M.
his
At this
took a more moment direct control of the affair. On Communista learning that the
Who
ге
Prime Minister to Gen. Scoble Gon (Athens), Repeated to Wilson (Italy) 5 Dec. 44 I have given instructions to Gen.
Wilson to make sure that all forces are left with you and all possible rein- forcements are sent to you.
You
for responsible. maintaining order in Athens and
for neutralising destroying all E.A.M.-E.LA.S. bands approaching the cily. You may make any regulations you like for the strict control of the streets or for the round- ing up of any number of truculcat persons.
Lo
aceur.
or
try Naturally ELAS, will
put
women and children in the van where shooting may You must be clever about this and avoid mistakes. But do not hesitate to fire at any armed male in Athens who assails the British authority
cuthority
or Greek
which
it
authorities in "Don't hestata to shoot." This was sent through the open jelegraph offers, Thiere was a furicus storm about it in the House of Commons of those days, but it certainly prevented any loss of life.
ATER that day I telegraphed
to our Ambassador,
This is no time to dabble in Greek polities er to Imagine that Greek politicians of vary ing shades en uftret, the
You situation.
should not Greek Govern- worry about ⚫ment compositions. The multer
Is one of life and death.
You must urge Papandreou 40 stand to his duty and assure him he will be supported by .all our forces it he does AU. The day has long gone past when any particular group of Greek politicians can influence
rising. this meb
His only through chance is to come with
-with US.
Am-
we are working, It would be well, of course, your command were rein- forced by the authority of some Greek Government, and Papandreou is being told by
(the Brilish Leeper bassador) to stop and help. Do Not however hesitate i Do liot
in a con- if you were act quered city where a local re- bellion is in progress*
With regard to bands approaching from the be outside, you should surely able with your
armour to of these a lesson give some which will make others un- likely to try. You may count upon my support in all reason- able and sensible action-inken We have to on this basis. hold and dominate
E.L.A.S.
I have put the whole ques- lon of the defence of Athens and the maintenance of law in the hands of and order Gen. Scoble, and have nasured him that he will be supported in the use of whatever force Henceforward is necessary. you and Papandreou will con- his directions in ali form to matters affecting publle order and security.
both You should
support Scobie in every possible way.
you any means which occur to you action more of making his
Every vigorous and decisive. good wish.
and should suggest to him
Athens. L.A.S. had quickly gained
E
It would be a great thing for . control of most of Athens, you to succeed in this with except only its very centre,
out bloodshed if possible, but also
bloodshed with
• necessary.
if
I
dreou and colleagues.
The only chance of avert had already captured all; the Occu- ing civil war was to disarm police stations in Athens, mur
other dering the bulk of their the guerillas and
pants not already pledged to within forces by mutual agreement their alinck, and were and establish a new Na half a mile of the Government
offices,
I ordered Cen. Scobic tional Army and police force under the direct control of and his 5,000 British troops, 1 days before had, been the Government in Athens, ceived with rapture as deliverers
Arrangements were made by the population to to raise and equip National and fire upon
It is no use doing things like Guard battalions, each 500 aggressors. Ultimately there
The this
halves. by
mob strong.
which the Com they violence by were 30 of these; proved very useful in round- munists sought to conquer the -ing-up-armed hostile clvi city and present themselves to encourage him to decisive action, the world-as-the-Government ve -that-I-should-be-with lians and guarding areas
demanded by the Greek people assuranwell-conceived action cleared by our troops.
Intervene the treacherous
the
could only be met by firearms, There was no time for Cabinet to be called,
where our troops first held them and
then began to counter- attack. Scoble reported:
8 Dec. 41 Increased netivities on the part of the rebels and wide- sprend sniping limited progress during the fighting which con- throughout yester→ tinued
day....
THIS telegram was dispatched at 4.30.a.m. on Dec. 5.
I felt it sident in tone. must admit that it was somewhat necessary to give a strong lead to the military commander that I intentionally worded it in the The fact that sharpest terms. he had such
afternoon. an order in his would not possession
but
him the
only
certain:
him in any he might take, whatever consequences might be.
the
I felt grave concern about the whole business, but I was sure that there should be no room for
A draft decree for the demobilisation of the guerillas, drawn up at M. Papandreou's request by
NTHONY [Eden} and I were E.A.M. Ministers the
about together til
* Author's themselves, was
present- o'clock, and were entirely agreed throughout.
two
subsequent
Halica
Some progress was made by the 23rd Brigade in house-to- house clearing throughout the A further sector in the centre of the city was cleared by the Brigade.
Brine
Orion
10
In the area being cleared by the Greek Mountain Brigade an allack was made by the The rebels from the flank. attack was held, but delayed progress of the brigade. This showed the scale of the Sghting on which we had now embarked.
hope, be restricted to Athens- *Pireus, but I am ready to zoo it through in the rest of the country if necessary. It is a pity that tear gas may not be "used. It would be of great
help
this city fight- Ing....
Prime Minister to Gen, Wilson
(Italy)
TOW that the free world has 8 Dec. 44
learnt so much more You should send further re-
than Inforcements to Athens with was then understood about the out the clighted delay, The Communis movenient in Greece prolongation of the fight hus and eliewhere, many renders dangers. I warned you will be astonished at the vehe- many
His political ment of the paramount Importance of this confle. Majesty's Government, and I in At least two should hurry to the scene.
The vast majority of
In addition
attacks to which
more brigades Particular at its head, were sug
to the above, condemned our action,
the American Press violently
why does not the Navy help
which
all the time instead of only they declared falsified the cause for which they had gone to war. landing a small number in a
It the editors of all these crisis? You guaranteed, most strongly that you had already back at what they wrote
well-meaning organs will look then
sent enough soldiers. Prime Minister to Gen. Scobie and compare it with what they 8 Dec. 44 think now they will, I am sure,
be surprised. The State De There is much talk in the Free tonight of peace offer partment, in the charge of Mr.
Issued Stettinlus,
markedly by E.L.AS. Naturally
We crtucal pronouncement, which should be gald to have this
In their turn they matter se lied, but you should regret, or at least reverse,
make quite sure, so
our
for
by won
ufter years.
л
*1
wero
to
in
In England there was much The Times and perturbation, the Manchester Guardian pro- nounced their censures upon what
that onary theidered our re-
of
your influence goes, that we do not Elve away for the sake of kindness what has been won or can still be
troops. It
would
seem to me
Stalin, how- los satisfactory than actionary anything
adhered strictly and faith- the terms agreed upon before ever,
our agreement should fully to the revolt took place
October, and during all the long not be accepted. Also it weeks
of dighting the Com- diffleutt to see how E.A.M. leaders, with their hands wet munists in the streets, of Athens not one word of reproach came Greek and British blood, should resume their places in from Pravdu or Invostia,
In the House of Co
of Commons the Cabinet This might, how- ever, be got over, The great there was a great str. I accept- thing is to proceed with cau- ed willingly the challenge flung tion and to consult us upon at us in an amendment moved the terms when they are by Sir Richard Acland, the made.
leader and sole member in Par- the llament of Commonwealth Tho clear objective is
Party, supported by Mr Shin- defeat of E.A.M. The ending well and Mr Aneurin Bevan, of the fighting is subsidiary to There was a strong current of
10
come
this. I am ordering large re- inforcements Alliens.
in
the
vague opinion, and even passion, and Ficid-Marshal of which these and other similar Alexander will probably be figures felt themselves the with you in a few days. Firm- ponents.
ness and sobriely
are
the
real HER
CX-
ore what aceded now, and not eager embraces, while
Government TERE again any quarrel is unteltied. Keep us which had rested on a less
com folid foundation than the Na Informed, before any
in promise is settled
which tonal Coalition might well have you or Leeper are concerned.
been shaken to pleces. But the War Cabinet stood like a rock against which all the waves and winds might beat in vain. When we recall what has happend to
to Hungary, Czechoslovakia in these late years we may be grateful to Fortune for giving us at critical moment the calm, united strength of determined leaders
Parachute DUMOURS were spread by
R
Communists and their like reinforcements had in London-that-British troops
be landed from
H.M.S.
to deal with serious were in sympathy with E.A.M.
There was no truth in them. sniping of
Houpe, Navy
On the pence offer the answer Piracus, by rebels who Inflitrated Into the area south was:
of Port Lcontos. In face of Gen. Scobie to Prime Minister of all parties. slong opposition our troops
were forced
one area,
HOW RED WAS
to withdraw in
RED RIDING HOOD
NTARTING with Robin
ST
Hood: We mark him RED. Very red-red as a geranium. "Commie" as they come. And no nonsense about it,
日
CINDERELLA: PINK. Pink because, although she started off < '\ as fine Communist tuaterial witha | excellent down-trodden, working-class background, she fell for the Arst opportunity of becoming acapitalist `by › marrying a prince.They are reported to have lived happily ever after- Cin- by wards -- whether
the derella's" firvalde, or in prince's palace history: doen
NOW
FURTHER to that inquiry
the
Mrs. Thomas. White. adviser to Indianapolis Education toned, about the polities of war tahin nod. I place at her disposal the follow- IAR TRITEICH OPINE, and ride in shades of RED. BLUE, suring her that the few legendary or nursery Thyme etiaracters nicked at
anitom from
the aten represent an accurate cross- section.
few Fear Cay with exeentine meenia like Babin Hood, Cinderella. Jack and the Elranstnik all haft a Very argnite ·lenning towards the left at some time or other if they were. not completely Commie, and stand a thin chance of ver getting. farther into the .. than. Talapd.
:
LET GILES GUIDE YOU THROUGH NURSERY-TALE LAND; 1953
have made could
#useful was rich or poor, a member. of the Young Tories or Young "Commle," squandering olber
Communista.” Nor do We people's cows and things for a
beans for himself." But know whether the wool ho ftw
was handling out belonged to he gets BLUE because, when
him. (the Black Sheep) or he eventually finished up very rich by climbing beanstalks was Htooed from other meme and stealing wealthy giants" bers of the flock. canh, there was none of this zive-ll-to-the-poor
businom.
He and his old mother stuck to the lot.
BLACK - SHEEP' (Ka Ba);} PINK. Because we think be was one of these "on the fence clients. We're told he KAYO "one, for the master, and
OLD. KING COLE: RED. We don't know
much about him except that he called for his
which fiddlers three, Gould mean anything,” But y when you dan't, know what a persen's polities are if you're BLUE you call him a RED,
STREET
2
bo
of
her
GOLDILOCKS: Must BLUE. When you think Goldilocks you asociată with bears, and when you think of bears you think of Bulls, Bears and Bulls --- Ex- stockbrokers Block change of course she must be a BLUE.
Contrary girl
MARY" (had a little lamb): I muppose_lamb was all right, : with a flence" as white snow, but there are so, many condialing versions about Mary, most of which (make her a very... shady...”, charácter Indeed? Be to be on the safe side, wo'li - call her a RED, W
LITTLE E ED. – KIDING HOOD: Well, of course, if you' go round calling your welg "Little Red's thin, that, or the othern Cap
ForLandon": Kupress & Service)
not say, 8a: It's a ÷PINK Jor one for the dame 2 bulk we're!! ***400 veranstalLARE, ICET AANZA LITTLE BOY BLUE: BLUES
Cinderella, sofi
JACK AND THE BEAN STALK BLUE. How%2100, according to reine-people,
miso laid that, ha ravd "ena for the little boy who lived down the lane, and we don't know whether; the Ulila bay
-
SIMPLE SIMON: I don't unto youền Thiru ko wante od something for nothing siyts
10 Dec. 44
and
this
Only 30 members faced us-in We would at once inform the division lobby. Nearly 300 you should any peace offer be voted confidence. Here agala made by E.L.AS., but neither was a moment in which the the Ambassador nor I know, House of Commons showed. Its of any such approach.
enduring, strength and author-
meity.
I have clearly before The main objective you men- tion. While any one party is able to back its views with a private army Greece never achieve. peace stability. Fighting may,
con
(Continued Tomorrow).
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