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The H.K. Anti-Tuberculosis Association
FLAG DAY
Saturday, 21st November, 1953.
PLEASE GIVE GENEROUSLY.
Colds
Even the slightest cold
is to be feared
Do not let it spread! Defeat it from the start
by taking 1 or 2 'CAFAS PINS'
GFASPIN'
BAYE
THE CHINA MAIL, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1958.
TRIUMPH AND CHIEFS
TRAGEDY
CHAPTER SIX
At the Teheran Con- the battle as soon or possible." ference of November 1943, At this perjed
it
we held only u
IN
OF
S OF STAFF DISAGREEMENT
By Sir
had been deelded to few harbours along the French const of the Channel, and divert German opposition although Eisenhower intended to northwards to join in the battle terchange of telegrama now took
place. from the cross-Channel capture Brest, and other landing for the Ruhr.
28)
Winston
between our Chiefs of Staff raises most serious issues. Our first wish is to help Gen. Eisenhower in the most speedy
"Operation Overlord" by places in the Bay of Biscay might He therefore urged that The deadlock (Į said on June
also fall to us if things went simultaneous wall, we could not be sure of the expense, of course, of a virtually
"Anvil" should be undertaken, at assault on Southern seizing them, and still less of
“ไน Int France, to be known as clearing them, In suflicient time. armies in Italy, since
view the recources of Great "Operation Anvil,"
The solution which Gen. Brain and the United States to will not permit us to maintain Morshall proposed was
the major theatres In new basca in two capture entirely either the west or the south of European war, each with decisive
in the missions," France, and preferably west because this was the more quickly reached from America,
I was
Forecs for "Anvil" from Italy could not be spared before Rome fell. When it fell, on June 4, 1944, the position had to be reviewed.
fully alive to all this and had for some time contem-
But
effective manner. But we do not think this necessarily involves the complete ruin of all our great affairs in the Mediterranean, and we take I hard that this should be de- manded of us....
FC-
I most comestly beg you to examine this matter in detail for yourself....Please member how you spoke to me at Teheran about Istria, and how I introduced it at the full
• Conference.... Later I summed up my con- clusions to Mr Roosevelt.
Churchill
army at the very least to the Europe shoult fall naturally extent necessary to conlain hia, into his control. But I felt it present force....
was better to settle the matter for ourselves and between our- We can-and Wilson con- selves. I wen
If we mire,tant firms this-immediately wilit could. have inet, as I t- draw five divisions (hree U.S. ¡requently proposed, we should and two French) from Haly have reached a happy agree-
for "Anvil." The remaining inent.
21 divisions, plus numerogie
brigades. separate certainly provide Alexander witt adequate ground
superiority
On July 2 the President de- clored that he and his Chiefs of Staff were mill convinced 'that "Anvil"'" thould be launched - ut (be earliest possible date, und he asked us to direct Gen. Wilson
He said that t accordingly. Teheran he hack only con-
templated_a
series of raids in
generni retirement ir trum The Dodecanese Kind
But this
T Teheran we had plated a descen; on the coy We were all agreed of course confidently expected coast from North Africa, evon that "Ove:lort" tock pricri- to reach Rome early though this could not be achieved "arly
tv: the point (was how the omics in the secondary was equally there, in the spring, but before the end of July or
in August.
Kaly, could beit this had proved impossible. anxious not to wreck Alexander's help to
happened yet. ovanihrow Germany. The important descent at victory in Italy. I considered The American Chiefs of Staff Anzio to accelerate the cap that the options might still re strongly supported Elsenhower.
They
condemned what they ture of Rome had drawn main open end all preparations
be made
to move in called the "commitment of eight or ten German divi- should
whatever direction seemed best. Mediterranean resources to sions away from the vital
operations, On
Combined, Large-male June 14 the theatre, or more than
Northern WALL
Chiefs of Staff decided to pre- expected to be attracted to
pare an amphibious operation in Balkans."
the south of
(n
Italy and into the
โร
tho
the Riviera by "Anvil." the Mediterranean which might Our own Chiefs of Staff took This in effect superseded it strike either in
that the Allied they declared by achieving its object. France or in the Bay of Biscay the opposite view. On June 20 Mediterrancan forces Nevertheless, the Riviera or at the head of the Adriatic.
could he left could best help Its destination
"Overlord" by project went forward as if open for the moment, Three destroying
Germans who the nothing had happened. days later Gen. Marshall visited faced them. In order to launch "Anvil" on Aug. 15, withdrawals the Italian front from
would have to begin at once and rather an land on the Riviern they preferred to send troops by sen direct to Eisenhower.
the Mediterranean to confer with the commanders,
his
had
nut
MR Roosevelt contended that a force in Istria if the Germans
tanding in the Bay of Biseny started a would be a waste of shipping. Elsenhower wanted more troops, Greece, they wore ready in the United States and he had only to ask (a) Let us reinforce "Over- for them. But it was his objec..
to a descent on the Istrian lord directly, to the utmost peninsula said a thrust against limits of landings from the Vienna, through the Ljubljana
that revented
both the (b) Let us next do justice to rigidity of the American military the great opportunities of the plans and his own suspicion of Mediterranean commanders, what he called a campolga "In and contine ourselves to minor the Balkans." diversions and threats to hold the enemy around the Gulf of Lions.
West.
(e) Let us resolve not ta wreck one great campaign for the sake of another, Both can be won.
Gap
Therefore (he concluded) I am compelled by the logic of not dispersing our main efforts to a new theatre to agree with my Chiefs of Stair... honest- ly bellove That God will be with us as He has in "Over- lord"
and in
In Italy and North Africa. I always think of my early straight no
Beometry-"a is the shortest distance between two points."
the code-name.
He claimed that Alexander and Smuts [who had supported m) "for several natural and in- (e) Let us leave Gen. Eiset very hunan reasons," were For the time being 1 resigned hower all his landing-craft as clined to disregard two vilat
myself, and the same day Gen. long as he needs
ordered to attack them to considerations.. First, the epera Watson was The hard fighting had of
magolty his landing capacity. tion infringed the grand the south of France on Aug. 15. strategy." Secondly, it would Preparations began at once, but course engulfed important
(d) Let us make sure of take too long and we could the reader should note thut enemy reserves which might
increasing to the maximum
not deploy more than henceforward "Anvil" was call- probably otherwise have gone to
extent the port capacity in the
six divisions.
ed "Dragoon." This was done France, and it certainly
"Overlord" battle area.
I cannot agrée (he wrote) to in case the enemy had learnt helped "Overlord" in its
its original EN. Wilson was impressed with “With much prescience they re-
meaning of the employment
United of critical carly stages, but "Overlord's" need for more marked "We think that the
Stales troops against Istria none the less our advance in ports, of which he then learn: mounting of Anvil' on a scale
and into the Balkans, nor the Mediterranean had been for the first time, but he did not likely to achieve success would
can I see the French agreeinų! 'aller
Judgment again hamstring Gen. Alexander's re-
to such use of French troops gravely upset. Landing "Anvil," and on June 19 told the maining forces to such an extent
.For purely political craft were another obstacle. Combined Chiefs of Staff that he that any further activity would
reasons over here, I should Many of them had been a thought his best contribution be limited to
never survive even a slight RY early August, however, a modest."
setback In "Overlord" marked change had come sent to "Overlord." "Anvil" to the common end would be to
THE President's T
reply wat
If it were known that fairly over the battlefeld in Normandy could not be mounted until Press forward with all his re-
They urged that Alexander prompt and adverse. He was
large forces had been diverted and great developments im they came back, and this de sources into the Pa valley.
should develop his offensive in resolved to carry out what he
to the Balkans.
pended. On the 4th I reopened of pended on
Thereafter, with the help of an inly so as to engage and destroy called "the grand strategy events in Nor-
with the President the question Amphibious operation against the
namely, exploiting
No one involved in these mandy.
of switching "Dragoon" to the Istrian peninsula.
there would all the German forces opposed to Teheran,
him; that Gen. Wilson should "Overlord" to the full, "victorious discussions had ever thought of west. be attractive prospects of ad.
do all he could to emphasise advances in Italy," and an carly moving armies into the Balkans; vancing through the Ljubijana
threat the
of ать assault Assault on Southern France. but Istria and Trieste were Gap into Austria and Hungary on the south of France; and that Political objects might be im- strategie and political positions, and striking at the heart of Wilson should prepare to send portant, but military operations which, as he saw very clearly Germany from another direction. Eisenhower che or more Ameri- to achieve them must be subor- might exercise profound. and VIESE facts had been long Alexander agreed.
can divisions
and/or all the dinnted to striking at the heart widespread reactions, especially foreseen, and as far back is
On June 23 Gen. Eisenhower French divisions which he was of Germany by a campaign in after the Russian advances. March 21 Gen. Maitland-Wilson,
would tinued: the Supreme Comunander in the advised the Combined Chiefs capable of receiving and which Europe. Mediterranean,
that of Staff to concentrate our forces our shipping reported "Anvil" could not be launched in direct support of the decisive permit. before the end of July, Later battle in Northern France.
THES
Ho
admitted that an advance through
something very
resources
THIS direct conflict of opinions,
he put it at mid-August, and
the Ljubljans Gap might contain declared that the best way to help "Overlord" was to abandon German troops, but it would not any attack on the Riviera and draw any of their divisions from France. As for a descent in the concentrate on Italy.
Bay of Biscay, he agreed that
honestly held and warmly Spon after D Day Gen. Bordeaux was close to the United argued by either side, could only. Marshall came to England and States than Marseilles, but main- be settled, if at all, between the expressed his concern about yet fained that the latter could be President and myself, and an in- another problem. Enormous captured more quickly by forces In the Mediterranean. farees were accumulating in the already United States, and should join and would furnish a direct route-Author's-italice -throughout, --
The President con-
My interest and hopes centre on defeating the Germans in front ol Elsenhower and driving
into on
Gremany, rather than on
Umiting, one point that we should lay tits action for the purpose
of slaging α full
THE President suggested at
before
respective cases major our in Italt I
I said I did not know am Stalin. we will have what he would say if the issue sufficient forces in Italy, with was put to him to declid, On "Anvil" forces withdrawn, to military grounds he might have chase Kesselring north of been greatly interested in the Pisa-Rimini and maintain castward movement of Alex-
which,
without heavy pressure against his ander's army,
entering the Balkons would profoundly affect all the forces there, and which, in conjunction with any attacks Stalin mich. make upon Rumania V. 1 Transylvania, Rumania against might produce
most far- reaching results.
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Grand Alliance is the
secondary.
By WILFRED RYDER
Up
the
by the continuously
#late of her Dolilire economy,
the
or
On a long-term political view"
he might prefer that the Brith
and Americans should do thele
The course of events in Normandy and Brittany, and especially the brilliant opera- tions of the United States Army, give good prospects that the whole Brittany peninsula will be in our hands within reasonable time. I beg you will consider the possibility switching "Dragoon" into the main and vital theatre, where it
its can Immediately play part at close quarters in the great and victorious ballje in which we are now engaged...
I feel that
we are fully entitled to QKC the Iraordinary flexibility of sea- and air-power to move with the moving scene. The arrival of the ten divisions.assigned to pon, with their L.S.TS, be Achieved rapidly,
ex-
If this came off it would be decisive for Elsenhower's victorious advance
by the shortest route France.....
right across
(Continued Tomorrow)
chaolls share in Frange in the very hard. World Copyright reserved. Re. fighting that was to come, and production, even partially, in any
and
enermy development.
*..*
Canada, on the other hand, 'is Ger- already of comparable stature primary aim of the serious weakening of those de- mind keeping troops In
many if they are paid for, with Britain and America in Bermuda Conference. Pre- fences vet.
Both Sir Winston and Mr Plans will also be considered atomic paration for high level talks
Bermuda for alternative Her politics are stable. Her How Eisenhower
realize that in with the
is Russians
their theories may relax the methods of rearming Germany reonomy is one of the strongest pressure to build NATO's by bringing her direct into in the world and her resources NATO for instance should the appear endless. She cannot for For it was the present con- forces.
French Assembly refuse in ever, like Germany, be denied fusion on basic issues 111 the
Ther will therefore, in Bor- rality the European West which prempled Sir muda, discuss the implications treaty
next January: A recognition of her stature. Winston to ask Mr Eisenhower of the new weapons. And they more ideas have been sufficient- False Hopes and M, Laniel to meet him. It will work formula to prevent ly developed in each of 1be was this alio which caused Mr
grand Alliance failering.
The sharing of information on Elterower to accept the invlia- This would involve persuading, three Western capitals on the
form of auarantees which might atomle energy development for tion-although last October be the French either to ratify the be given to the Soviel Union both military and Industrial e European Army Treaty or to against a revival. of German between Britain, Canada and Sir Winston believes the de- fet Germany into NATO. and aggression. And it will be use USA will be discussed velopment of atomic and hydro- the NATO Ministers-wbu meet ful to discuss these ideas at the separately at Bermuda by
Sir cen weapons makes war noro in Paris six days after Bermudn highest level
Winston and Mr Eisenhower, remote by threatening extrue to continue rearming.
One suggestion is that Canada Mr Eisenhower has been pre- tire of both sides, He said Fo abvious
Instead of France should join paring the ground with Mr St. on November 3. The
Britain and the USA in guaran, Laurent. Canadian Prime Minis teeing Russia against possible ter, in Ottawa. He is preporing Both Sir Winston and Mr German aggression. It is being to ask Congress to amend the Eisenhower will find difficully aired by State Department MacMahon Act of 1946 which 'Mr. Eisenhower belleves new in refusing French pleas for officials in Washington to solve forbids the administration weapons will permit a reduction guarantee they will maintain problem that could confront share In defence cests by giving fewer their present ten and a half France if divisions greater striking power; divisions in Europe therefere American
had refused to do so.
implication though he denies it
is that Western defences can be lowered.
Stoff,
May Appeal
garrsions those of Franco in balgeide me it the
the
divi-
Laniel's Throat
10
atomic secrets with
European Army foreign governments.
Bir
talks after arranged for such Germany has been rearmed.
actually formed. For, in a case,
As to high level talks with French divisions overseas can be reduced. This twelve proposed Ger
German
in the
Soviet Government, same the view was explained this wook to slons. One way to meet such formations as German divisions Winston has recently admitted Britain's military chiefs in Lon- commitments would be for Mr And they could hardly be re- that it might be wise to delay, dun by Admiral Radford, Chair Elsenhower to offer to pay for formed la national units quickly The false hopes they would hold man of the US Joint Chiefs of
French paough, British and more
to deal with German out of German re-unification allvisions. IL is an idea that aggression.
Yet France would would delay, French ratification would appeal to his economy have to be in a position to do of the European Army. But he minded budget planners. For so if she were to fom a guaran- wants the ground to be carefully it costs £85m, to maintain an too to the Soviet Union.
division abroad: But M. Laniel had previously American
Claim Weakened Sir Winston Is preparing for threatened Admiral Radford. In £27m, to maintain a
M. Laniel does not like the theag talks not only a guarantee Paris that if either American division; and £25m, to
teheme. He holds that member- to the Soviet Union against defences tain a British divizion. Britain reduced their and, in particular, If they
This is an idea which may ship of the European Army in German aggression. He is also re- duced.
way denies French troops formulating a new approach to their divisions in Ger- also appeal to Britain Britain no many, France would oppose is faced with a bill for £200m. their liberty to act. He suspects international control of atomle German rearmament even more a year. for the four and a half the plan is designed to priro energy-an appraech as shitele Brmly. The loss, through French divisions of the British Army of French from her position as one as his suggestion of May 3 that Second of the Big Thike and replace the destructive power of atomic objection, of 12 German divisions the Rhine and on which NATO defence plans Tactical Air Force when im her by Canada.
and. hydrogen weapons la ro have been based since Septem- many sels her own forces on
great that they are unlikely ever ber 1930, would be the most foot. But Britain would not is being constantly weakened to be used.
tho
French
main-
France's claim to this placa
that East, Middle, and Southern language, . strictly prohibited.
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