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THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1952.
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London Express Service
Secrets Of The Sound Barrier
B
RITAIN
bas
London.
con-
quered the sound
John
By Group Captain
John Cunningham'
And, of course, we have also learned that aircraft designed
ΣΤ these adventures John Derry and John Cunningham Have shared. Derry carried out much of the test work on the DH110, and first burst through the sound barrier on April 0 last.
Cunningham told me:
"The
ol
sound
to
IR
barrier by using a windows and crack ceilings tale indication that ong is in the DHU0, and in our newest device weighing 12 as the fust plane goes by, approaching the threshold of the supersonic day fighters. ib., putting our fighter For the sound. trails the air round barrice"
Manufactured by the Lock- planes ahead of the world,
craft he is faster than the
This was the danger perled heed Company at Leamington,
device is who
called the The secret was told to me noise.
for pilots
experimented the first. Human
740 m.ph. at skill, human Servodyne and
only weighs which is about
sen level around B00 by Group-Captain
"It in before and after strength was not enough. All about 4 lb. for each control, or "Cat's-Eyes" Cunningham, erossing the threshold that
altogether for rudder, m.p.h. above 30,000rt. ť manpower of both hands, 12 lb.
So first task after reaching must famous night-fighter you notice things. Between fighting at the controls, could do alleron and elevator controls in
the desired altitude is to open the nothing once
dive hnd each aircraft. pilot of the war.
the two, the aircraft is started or the wing had dipped.
the throttle until the jets arc Once the pressure of power giving maximum Cunningham and
permissible his trimmed to withstand the There would be a headlong operated controls is relentlessly power.
Designers generally colleague, John Derry, have new conditions. The critical crash into the air mountain; à applied, the great turbulence limit the high speed burst
of the airflow is fought and ten minutes. crashed the sound barrier test is to enter and emerge." plunge; disintegration,
Ilmit the speed at which sound
of Three ploneer de Havilland controlled, and the plane sails
speed Before, Bald Cunningham, test pilets had to forfeit their
through the barrier travels-day and night this it is like hitting a wave; in lives and, three experimental jet
without governed by the temperature of damage.
the jet pipe at the exhaust. This year,
taking risks after fact, it is a shock wave. planes had to scatter before the
is generally from 650 degrees to three other aces had died in
A wing will dip suddenly solution was found.
750 degrees centigrade." the attempt.
without reason; the nose Most poignant of all, one of fur superronic speed must be will take
a dive or start the three pilots who gave his of sturdier construction to stand climbing.
was Captain life
the buffeting at the sound bar- Grollrey de
rier than the little DH108, that THE famous test pilot then des- Havilland, son of Sir Geoffrey,
sweptback wing experi-cribed the special instrument chief designer and founder of first
mental plane, used to wrest
had kept hidden from
tells the pilot when he la these first secrets which nature known as the Mach meter, which through the ages,
approaching and passing the speed of sound. With this sid the pilot ap-
It records this by a needle, proaches the turbulent air. It and the pilot is constantly strikes the wings as the plane watching this 03 well as his nears the speed of tound; altimeter, air speed indicator, surface; anarchy-reigns at the wing's and other instruments.
the smooth laminar
"As a speed of 080 m.p.li, is passed at these heights, so one sses through the turbulent air. passes
The needle of the
Much
. Cunningham was able to talk to me after the de Havilland 110 day and night fighter had been removed from the secret list.
"First," he told me, "there is no actual thrill once the barrier is passed. It is like coming out of a storm. Once you are through, conditions for the pilot feel normal.
NO SENSATION "To do this job you must be 30,000 ft. to 45,000 ft. up, where the air is thin and offers least resistance, and where cool temperatures provide best conditions for jet engines.
-
"There is even no sensa- tion of speed. You are fly- Ing so high that the ground is scarcely discernible. All have is a feeling of you quiet confidence and pride in the aircraft."
"What is really happening,
is that you are building up the famous arm whose Comet more and more drag or re- ct airliner is now making world
history. sistance from the air.
"The faster you fly, the more and more engine power is needed to burst through that mountain barrier of
air.
CONTROLLED
JOW the new British device Now the new British devised. Once the plane starts to pitch
and roll as i scents the round
"As one reaches speed near barrier, the pilot can alter the that of sound-subsonic speed trim of lateral control one begins to notice the strange ailerons and of longitudinal con-
and peculiar things that happen trol on elevators by using the to the controls. This is the fell- hydraulic power available to him
man
flow which the wing is de- signed to absorb is rattled and
angry.
The wing,
+
THE NEEDLE
THIRD DAY:··
A DOCTOR TALKS FRANKLY
to those who
worry in secret NOW,
TOW, I am going to take the risk of giving you a high-sounding name for a pain in the head.
"It is a risk because Inbels for commonplace ailments often become fashionable, and then patients stream in to consulting rooms with their own diagnoses.
Slipped disc is the recent classic example, Once that label caught on with the public, anyone with a twinge in the back would hrrive at the sur- gery and say, almost trium- phantly. My dise has slipped." Usually it was the imagina- tion that had slipped.
Now for · that pain in the head. If you have one -- even If you have it pretty frequently -the odds are pretty high these days that you havo "functional headache."
Д
There's your fashionable phrase if you want it. But to a doctor, a functional headache is one which is not repeat not -caused by anything organic.
The cause can be found out- side the body, by frustration or a hidden worry.
It is important to this series because the very act. of getting, sceretly alarmed about a rash or a swelling can bring on a (unctional headache.
I have had much paticnta come to me and say: "I guessed I had so-and-so doctor, but I daren't tell anybody. And then the pains in my head started -- and I was certain."
In the case of Miss H I was able to tell her that sho was certainly wrong in her Icar that she had a brain tumour: her father had died, of one,
At nights she would lie awake, worrying who would look after; i her aged mother if anything happened to her, desperately trying to will herself well again.
Miss H had held her problems in for too lung. She came to mo at the headache stage: violent throbbing headaches. Had sho gone on, then other signs- trembling of the hands, lasallude -night have appeared.
Yet she bad nothing physically the matter with her.
I explained all this to her and we arranged for her mother to go into a nursing home while she went on holiday. The headaches vanished.
meet sich abnormal gnitiometer points beyond the figure pains in the head are usually not hits a shock wave.
LADY MADELEINE DANCES
AMONG THE RUINS
Paris.
N earl's daughter with a A French accent is back in And, moving faster than Paris after dancing among sound, the pilot hears the ruins of ancient Greece. nothing of those whipcracks She is alim, Latin-looking, or thunderclaps which, say 28-year-old Lady Madeleine people on the ground, break Lytton, daughter of Lord Lytton, artist peer who died last year.
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"I's true that a number of
ONE-speed of sound and you know you have forced open the door.
"But no physical effects are felt. From this point onwards, as you fly faster then sound, sound is trailing behind you."
Then come two further stages.. First, What happens when you are beyond the speed of sound; and secondly, what happens when you drop to subsonic speed again
"This air is heated by the pro-
She was in Paris with her ride all the Boussac horses 1. "It would be a mistake to by Semblat, is nick-assume that all one's problems mother and father when Franco trained fell, and they moved south to named Tarzan because of his have now been solved, because as one files on to 700 m.ph. and unoccupied France. In 1941 Mrs handsome figure. Churchill wrote to Lord Lytton
At Deauville, Johnstone in-beyond the air still piles up in advising him to make his way ferrupted a sunbathe to tell me: front of the wings. through Spain and Portugal beam to be a freelance, but I have temperatures are caused by the home. The family escaped owners are after me now that I grew of the plane and high fore the whole of France was made no decision yet about the resultant friction" occupied.
St. Leger. rode my last
Cunningham explained that at Since her father's death, Lady Grand Prix at Vichy last Sun-rise of 30 degrees Ceoilgrade, si Boussac horse, Alcinus, in the 500 mp.h. there is a temperature She was born in Paris, has Madeleine has continued to live spent most of her life there, with her mother in his studio. day. I shall probably not rida 700 mph, this increases to 4
for him again. There $$ no degrees: and. 03 the pilet Her mother is French; she was flat near the Observatoire. quarrel.
approaches 800 mp.h. the rise is
high as 64 degrees.
the late Lord wAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Lytton's second
wife. Lady Madeleine's great grand - Kother, Bulwer Lytton, wrote the Last Days of Pompell.
Lady
Made- lebno began to
PARIS NEWSLETTER
from
EVELYN IRONS
train as a dancer at the age of Now they have gone on fve under Liza Duncan, one of motering holiday.
4
the numerous, adopted daughters Lady Modelcino's future of the fantastic Isadora. Now, plans: dancing tours in Ger- she says, "I BUT a character many and the United States. dancer, I carry on the Izidora Duncan tradition - the plastic. LE CROCODILE expression of music."
"We have parted by mutual consent. I am not dissatisfied with the money I made with Doustac; It was a good deal."
Johnstone does not plan to loave France. His
the wife, former dancer Mile. Guy, is a Frenchweman from Brittany.
"And," says Johnstone, "I have lived in Paris for 20 years,”
the
to
10
10
In Greece, where she was in- MANY Paris celebrities are in French horses,
Include Deauville, They vited to dance in the Delphile writer Coleite, actor Festival, Lady Madeleine siny
Sacha
CANCELS OUT THE temperature rise does not
affect the aircraft because cut- side temperature at high altitude would be about minur 40 degrees Centigrad?,
Few people seem to realise that
very serious. People who worry in secret about possible brain tumours, machess, and the like usually worry in vain.
Another cause of pains in the head are eyes that need atten tion. Well, that's cary enough
in these days if you give the doctor & chance to advise you.
Then neuralgia and fibrosi fis in the neck muscles have a lot to answer for.
A patient of mine drova throughout last winter with one window broken in hla corda
1.1
Ho notfexi a slight draught at the tune-but never associated this with the throbbing beads aches ho would got whien, 'hd tried to work,
His pains stopped, though, when he had his window fixedt
One patient of mine, a real fire-eating colonel of the old school, who liked his burta-pesta and his golf as much at 78 ns he did half a century ago, cons plained that a too-strentious round gave him headaches,...
could not deal csalty with pressure, MIL
thỏ
Result: a pain in his head, like a big pulzo.beating.
This cancels out the rise of temperature round the plane's Now his headaches: ween wines are reduces i to around Johnstone went to Paris from freezing point.
caused by him attempting too England in 1932 to, sca the
much strenuous exeralsa for his 2. "When one returns through age-hardened arteries.. The Grand Prix. There he met the barrier from supersonic to
French
exertion forced the blood Pierre subsorde speed the same effects through owner,
them, and the artery Wertheimer, who invited him are felt on the controls in reverse
walls were go to Chantilly for one arder, and power is used to
not now, as einstle - month. He never went back. change the trim of clevator and as they used to be. They just Johnstone speak English to his alterom controls. Rudders are not affected, unless one engine fails His daily weight-control diet; in a multi-engined plane.""" two biscuits, two
Cunninghami grills, one
bai in recent salad and three glasses of water. years bod the brilliant term of After a race he drinks a glass do Haviland test pilots who have propaved the Comet for of mik costume, at Athens and Pairos; Beck-haired, 47 years old,
B.O.A.C.
: Johnstone went to unoccupied danced in the open air theatre Johnstone, has now, as he fore-
He said: at Rhodes before the King and shadowed earlier, split with M. France in 1940, but stayed "The DH110, is the world's first Queen of Greece. She was ac- Marcel, Bousins, the owner for there. He won the Grand Prix twin-engined two-router foster- companied by flute and harp, whom he has ridden since 1050 in Marseilles in 1942. At Monto thin-sound night fighter, though, "I take my dancing very serious in the best-paying racing part- Carlo he was picked up by the so far, neither the RAF nor
Itailans and Interned. Liberated fy," he says.
Werten Europe nor Dominion on the Italian surrender, bo was air forces possess them. The French call Johnstone, caught again. and imprisoned "And this is the drst time d "Le Crocodile" because of his near Belfort by the Germans,best pilot has been permitted to method of coming up from the He escaped and reached the give a glimpse of this now woria rear to devour his adversaries. Maquis with his wife shortly beroral; the threshold of the Jacko Doyasbere, who will now before the liberation,
speed of sound."
ed some months. She gave re-Goltry and Australian Jockey citals, wearing ancient Greek as Johnstone.
American-born adora Duncan founded a school of dancing in Moaceto, married Soviet port cremin, died in ser accident at Nies,
1997.
·nership in recent memory.
The colonel tool things easily. cut down his golf and hir drinks, and his headachen left him. I know now that his primary irritation was thos Criend of the same age could outdo him in exercise and fool no in at nil.
But the colonel was wideti you should be, ve
TOMORROW
It's my back
Doctor
די