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NIDE-AND-SEEK IN EGYPT
COVT
BATTISH (CAPEAL 2005)
World Copyright Dy arrangement with Dals Herald.
THE WALLS OF JERICHO: NEW DISCOVERIES
(From A Special Correspondent)
STONISHING discover which dajes bock, to at least
les throwing a startl 7,000 years ago, ing new light, not only on Biblical history but on the beginnings of civilisa tion itself, were made by a British-led oxpedition which bas just concluded a three, month exploration of the ruins of ancient Jericho.
·Professor Jolin Garstang, who has spent a lifetime excavating Dible sites in Palestine, and not- ably that of Jericho, has always maintained that the wails Jericho mentioned in the Oli Testament story fell to The Jaelites in 1451 BC. (3,403 years ago), as the result, of an earthquake, followed by an in tense dres
mada a
...:
On her return to London, its leader, 45-year-old Miss Miss Kenyon, said to me: Kathleen Mary Kenyon, think Professor Gantang has mistake, though I am director of the British not prepared to quarrel with School of Archaeology in Bibilen history. Jerusalem, and lecturer on Palesting at London Univer- sity, told me the discoveries Indicate:-
1 had thorore how the That the popular, universally walls of Jericho fell to Joshua is not justified.
That Jericho has strong claim to be the oldest city in
the world.
3
That It had, in the course of Its tremendous history, no terer than 12 walls, the first of
Black Cloud Over
Sunny
WENT to Morocco knowing nothing more of it than I had read at times in history books und travel "literature" with a dush, perhaps, of harmless lunacy by Bob Hope and Humphrey Bogart thrown in.
Morocco
The North African clash of nationalism and colonialism is intensified in Morocco by a dual race problem and American global strategy. In his first report on the West's dilemma there, SIR GERALD the colonial background · BARRY fills in
What I found in the course of several weeks of investigation is that this ancient and sunny land, Its ancient and, sunny with people (every Berber, and most
to have Arabs seem
a ready iuals and the educated middle- The French are very proud of Istiqlal, the strongest their new buildings and harbours and naturally so. smlic), its French protectorate classes. and now Its American "Invasion" of the four nationalist groups, is in Morocco,
.virtually -poscs in miniature most of the estimated to have perhaps 70,000, Towns such as Casablanca and
Agadir .are urgent challenges which .our members. Western world has to meet and
towns, with buildings piling, up at a prodigious speed. to answer.
on
of
and in
SOMC
44
boom-
The
The 12 walls
"There were, in fact, 13 walls of Jericho.
"Our fast discoverien show that there were seven successive walls belonging to the Early Bronze Age. The carllest of
these would be dated about 3000 BC., and the evidence is that that was certainly destroyed by an earthquake.
"The latest of them was com→ pletely, destroyed by fire in 2100 B.C. That wall appears to have been built by invaders, for it shows evidence of hurried con- struction and of having been destroyed Eatore completion,
Д
"Ta its pince was a wall of very different character, doubt- less also erected by the Invaders.
Sloping ramps
"This wall was superseded by the first of three other walls which definitely, belong to the Middle Bronze, Age, about 1900- 1000 B,C.
"nationalism need look to Ameri-These defences Incorporated
cans for little more substantial a com
completely new defensive than tacit sympathy. It the mothod, with sloping ramps at French should decide that stern the first parapet, indicating, I called for, it is imagine, the Introduction of
measures are
Wi
long
to
is not blind to his French feelings become a iride Bronze 500 B.C.," said Miss
tectorate,
from
Unusually large
they, not the nationaliste, who chariot warfare,"
get United States support. It was after weeks of patient All
while there is the same,
probing of these successivo of по freedom
speech for layers of walls that the expedi- Moroccans, there is plenty for tion made what it considers its Americans, and one hears
sorce
most sensational find. revealing talk.
Underneath a a considerable ac If it is true, as an American cumulation of earth, towards the newspaper correspondent some centre of a 900-yard-long trench time ago reported, that a State on the west side of the old elty, Department spokesman declared, it suddenly came upon Neolithic dating back to 7,000 Throughout North Africa and "Of course we aren't going to remains
the in Morocco; we have advised "Our earlier discoveries had has Bhardened the Middle East the East-West give the French a blank cheque years ago. struggle
them .to
self accelerate
shown.
that Jericho had, a small wonder if
history 49 a city in the Early ism-the Arab, with his gift for government," hopes and demands of national-
Age, dating back bargaining,
around Now nothing at all can be
nuisance value-but in Morocco ruffled.
the Whatever else Morocco is, or Kenyon. understood abous Morocco with
the new significance of But go into the country dis-
"But to our great delight we they refort, it is Here we have not only the out referencs to this one funda- colour question and the colonial mental fact: that is ir populated tricts, or the native quarters of country's strategic position has should be,
Neolithic civilisation were very question;
the leaving aside the Jewish com- the big cities and (although the produced its own special com- certainly not an American pro- discovered that the remains of a we have also
two Arabs are clean people) your plications.
What emerges diaturbingly much more extensive than had question of Eastern nationalism, munity and the French-by
American Cossip here is been supposed. distinct
eyes and nose will tell you a and the questions raised by the quite
story. No wonder
AND
underlying Five air bases
ol distrust Impingement of American in- respects even opposed races: different
European_reliability in general the political terests
and Arabs and Berbers, The Berbers tuberculosis is rampant.
in Casablanca On the outskirts of
and of French reliability economic philosophy of Western are by far the more numerous
Americans arrived in particular. Europe.
aiwelve
million to two million Arabs. are three suburbs kitown as tin-
hundred years ago the can towns (Eldonvilles) bullt af Morocco to construct their five
Various causes have decided
be can "Neolithic Jericho And brooding sombrely over
bits of petrol cans, odd
as any the Administration to cut down air bases uninstructed, conquered the Berbers, old is the question of Arabs ull of these globul strategy in the grand but have never assimilated them, timber and canvas, No drainage foreigner would be, in the com- the U.S. nir bases planned for divided into two periods: in
the Arabs of any kind serves them, no
plexities of colonial administra-
Morocco from five to three and the leter period there was the earlier. were struggle between West and Last. Berbers share with
tion. In general they were for to construct three others in pottery: In religion, but roads, no water or lighting. It is on account
this the Mohamedan
the natives, in the sense that Spain; but the reaction of the flint and bone implements strategy, of course, that America they speak a different language,
Calvin Coolidge's pastor was American citizen in Morocco to no pottery. has arrived here. It is on ac have a different
against sin; and the natives be this decision is perhaps signif-ments in the count of this struggle that Arab habits of thought.
cap well,** - nationalism feels both its aspira-
For these "houses the ground gan by being for the Americans, t
I have heard it been considered rent may be as much as 3,000 as expected champions of their
wald, not once but several times, villages francs a month. Since a married cause.
In Casablanca There is a story current, true the Spaniards would fight any And it is equally on this ac-
besides, Spain Is- count that the French will resist Sald the son of the famous Arab workman
than the enemy nearer francs of the Big Three conference In with a firm
hand-such is my and powerful Pasha of Marra carns, if he is industrious and or not, that when at the time way and impression-any present attempt kesh, El Gigoui (himself admit- lucky, perhaps 12,000 to push
aspirations to tedly pro-French) recently: "Our (roughly £12) a month on which Casablanca Roosevelt called on forces. extremes.
country has much yet to learn, to keep his entire family, it is not the Sultan, he promised him his he decides he support for Moroccan Indepen- Americans, anyway, by If we have not the patience to surprising that
history achieve
Independence must sub-let a portion of this dence..
and temperament, dis- hole black
to, another
colonialism
existence of this city and approve gradually, we shall cut our own familly, or perish.
This kind of talk, favour "equality,"
which wail shows that the community throats."
This other
family, to keep.
annoyed the naturally reaches the French, was a well-organised one, in They quickly The French, of course, take
first the very France already had her probe
The result is that French by wanting to pay Arab arouses in them the old fore deed probably advantage of this convenient alive, may in turn decide to do and 1cms in Morocco,
American Inten large one. It can therefore pay for equal boding about communal dualism, just as the the same.
to
carliest city bo. the solving themif somewhat
British did for years in India: there are sometimes as many as wackers equal
12 people living in the single work-an enormity! Then they, tlonn to defend Europe from be-
of civilisation. desultorily in her own Way. Divide and rulo."
Meanwhile, hore
The
wall, bullt almost on quick at who are ing Jews, Now that the world situation has Without a doubt," they tell room of one stinking hutch, per- annoyed the Arabs by employ-hind the Pyrenees,
hapa 20 feet square.
where. cise in the educated bedrock, consisted of large un- focused other eyes and interests.
"Morocco must have her you, on the country these problems
The natives are living in worse picking up the language.
world, the great debate goes on, dressed stones, the biggest of and the one thing on which which was 3ft. by 41}, have been augmented and in- freedom one day-but not yet.
If we left today the country conditions here than they would French hud
Americana and Frenchmen in tensilled.
would relapse into chaos and bo have been if the
In the country-
Могосто seem
firmly When France first assumed
torn by civil war tomorrow." It never come. her protectorate 40 years ago
has on only too familiar ring. side, families often live in tents of genius 10 But It is she sent a man.
or straw huta, a native agricul It is probably true. pacify and develop the country Yes, say the nationalists, but tural worker getting about 100 shillings) a day. -Marshal Lyautey.
why is it true? Because the francs (two Moroccan nationalists will tell French have done
tions and its opportunities sharpened.
these
Man of genius
Was
culture and . Must* sub-lët
'Much to learn'
our.
of
to
Great debate
да every-
to be Is that 10 is coming,
are busily French capitalists
agreed
Hitherto, Neolithic
but
setile.
Near East turva to be smmall in wallet nomadio people began a settled life for the first time.
મુક્
was evident that the
Jericho settlement was an un
usually large one. Presumably because it had
.good water supply. The same springs still water modern Jericho,
The
claimed
Tombs beneath
Pretty sour
-
Meanwhile the French upset American susceptibilities by the financial conditions under which
ings at vast rentals are mush- being constructed this ac rooming up overnight. Agadir pottery period. They were made
cashing in on this paradise of a
"We excavated a number of
you-and with sonic truth-that prepare Morocco for inde- worker is said rarely to reach
nothing to The daily ration of the Moroccan they lease the airfields that no situation, In-Casablanca; bulld-housco. belonging to this pr
Sparks fly
and train 2,000 calories a day. the Lyautey tradition of Ideal-
has been pendence, to educate ism and imagination
the people or absorb enough, of long
and that Frenco them into the administration has gradually
assumed powers certainly beyond the spirit, and machine. This is also largely in some instances beyond the
letter, of the constitution.
were not improved
when the last Resident-General,
Matters.
General Juin, a year ago ordered
true.
Different story
back quite a way in history and
la related to trading rights in
to
owners
the Sultan to dismiss extreme only. 40 years in Morocco, Go of proper codes of criminal or than somewhat annoyed- among greater prosperity and indepen-of the individui concerned, fo
over
the sick still pay out good money system under which ́nh agricul- muddle and waste in construct- water from the Atlas rushes.un- discoveries
employer.
on
mud bricks, and their the same. Morocco is becom-from
walls were carefully
plastered "Beneath the floors wäre. Morocco which Americans claiming the rich Frenchman's funk- enjoy under a treaty of 1830: hole from the atom bomb... In
capitalist in burial tombs. Here is good finder for Individual Americans are also Agadir a French nationalist sparks. It is being
pretty
sour about the extor- planning an entire settlement of "In one we found the sitult of
which they say
any 800 six-storey flats, which he an old man propped upright in struck just now with some effect. tionate profits
are hopes to sell to escapees. What the corner of the room-appar French
ently an attand by the property Much is also made and justly
the housing Morocco needs, of course, if it
arda ocouplers to preserve the wisdom so of the lack of freedom of reaping out of
They are also more to develop securely towards
er subsequent Besides, the French have been speech, assembly and movement; shortage..
Occupants, OH A dence, is more money spent on
These finds were supplemented charges .of of the feudal themselves and
(how much Jaw; nationalists from his entourage into any bazaar
Irrigation
good and see how civi
un by A number of remarkable Just as has happened now in
in a necropolis of to give ing the bases. Tunis.
for supposed cures for their tural worker is bound
There is nothing very novel ne productively to the seal), This tended to make, the
All things discovered were in merely a multiplicity of forced labour to hla ills-not Sultan a martyr. Many Morac herbs, but "secret" remedies Moroccan
membership of a surprising in all this: It bears education; on more housing of the early Bronze Age.
the right kind. But theso con-
tion,
Kvēro There
wooden cans who had previously suffered they cannot read, eagles' wings, trade union is virtually illegal. the familiar pattern of grievance structive things must wait: some surprising state of preserva- the French gindly now discovered dead chameleons,
pents Folitical groups, live no legal between allles.
The nationalists say, "If this thing more urgent and less platters, stopis, cups, and a bler, akins, all sorts of rotting Alth. recognition, and public meelings
a fight for freedom it, must lasting engages all our atten- Also readily identifiable were
less The French have provided are strictly forbidden.
Compared with the blocks of joints of meat, pomegranates, These are a few of the bare apply to North Africa no
and raisins, hospitals, peppered the country These
centres, virtually. background facts of the French than to Europe-more especially Western concreta now beginning with health
Both the hair and the brain as you are using North
African
can to scrape the blue Moroccan aky, of ons altuil in these 4,500/year wiped out smallpox and even colonial problem in Morocen..
Fences, are rare in the desert, territory for your strategic re the mud walls and hovels of the old tombs were well preserved. Evon now, however, the malaria, and have Immensely
native towns Basume a look of nationalist movement is not reduced the incidence of venereal but in the current world confile! quirements." strong in' party numbers nor disease, which, when they arrived between West and East the Arab But it is precisely these re eternity.
an almost likes to find one to sit on. This quirements that will for the
progress. TOMORROW; Supper with even, one would say, in general in: Morocco, was
Is not surprising, seeing that he present block their public backing. It is principally universal complaint.
■ Moroccan cald Housing for the natives on the squats precariously polied. bo- While the global compulsions of an Arab movement, appealing chiedy to the city bred Intelles other hand recaling deplorable, tween the two warring sides the cold war continus, Moroccan
a sudden urge for independence,
70,000 members
is a
...
tions.
selection of those articles: ard now on their way to London, where they will be subjected (1th, emio ective examination determine their exact date.