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THE CHINA MAIL," MONDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1951.
American Column
SWEET
WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS
DOLLARS THE BATTLE AGAINST
By R. M. MacCOLL
A
NEW YORK.
GLEAM of light in
on
in
the murky British dollar export picture: on sheer merit alone, and "customer demand" - not big advertising campaigns British liquorice sweet sales
booming Bre American shops.
Three firms have captured an of the estimated 60 percent American market.
American manufacturers say hat though
they have tried and tried they cannot get a formula
like the favourites
THE FLYING BOMB
screen.
Northern
forces.
About June 10 he bold his [HTT
An attack on Peenemunde was In April, 1943, the Chlefs of
By that time the prepared difficult but imperative, and launching sites in Suff drew Mr Churchill's atten- assembled military leaders that don to intelligence reports of the Germans had only to hold
In "Closing The
on the night of Aug. 17 Air France had been overrun by
Gen. Montgomery's
In German experiments with long out, By the end of 1943 Lon-
Marshal Harris, Chief of Bomber be levelled to the Ring," range rockets. At their sugges- don would
his fifth
Command, struck with 571 heavy to be fired from Improvised pasi- consequence, the projectiles had forced to tion a secret inquiry was con- ground and Britain
book on the Second bombers. The buildings were tions in Holland, nearly twice as ducted by Mr Duncan Sandys, a capitulate. Oct. 20 was fixed as
of
London, Junior Minister who had been zero day for rocket attacks to
scattered along a narrow strip of far from the target World War, the
with much less accuracy. disabled white commanding a begin. Hitler personally ordered
coast and protected by a smoke- and
German com- great British war
They could neither be By the autumn British British experimental rocket unit, the construction of 30,000 rockets
for that day.
munications became so congested leader dwellson
reached by radio- navigation by batte-needs that the transport Following the recommenda-
beams from the United Kingdom of rockets to the firing point Says one of America's largest tons of Mr Bandys (a son-in-
the fateful year nor sufficiently identified by the could no longer secure wholesale sweet distributors, et
high New Haven, Connecticut: "Bri-law of Mr Churchill), frequent
between the in-apparatus carried in our planes. priority. tain offers us a unique product air reconnaissance
vasion of Sicily
It was therefore necessary to
in his book in colourful, bright packages, over Peenemunde, on the Baltic Dr Speer, said that each V2 (Our
"Crusade bomb by moonlight, although the Europe," Gen. Eisenhower goes with more flavour and tasting coast.
and the landings German night-fighters were close so far as to say: nuch better than the Ameri can product."
in Normandy. This is the 13th chapter.
0
This, if true, shows the absurd The ideas on which he lived. took place German Minister of Munitions,
man.
Pilotless name for the rocket. aircraft were called V1), re- N June 29 the De- quired about 15 meny
a's Committee, hours to make
six fighers. fence
was therefore having been kept Hiler's demand
for the equivalent of 180,000 fully informed since
in four fighters 10 be made months. This was ridiculous, but decidce April, decided:
the production of both weapons H
REPERCUSSION from that terrific fancy dress party Venice lost month. Pretty im actress Gene Tierney
to go in a simple cotton dress, which cost her only £5. She was featured, wearing the dress. on the front page of a multi- American circulation million magazine.
buzzing:
Now Hollywood is with reports that Gee's bus- band, u 38-year-old Russian count named Oleg Cassini, plans to divorce her. For Oleg is dress designer and he did no? went 10 the see why Gene party not wearing one of hi creations
The Transatlantic telephone frock arguments over the £5 cust nearly £350.
BANKERS meeting In Chica- ! go were practically unanimous that loans for business ventures are going to cost the borrower |
days quite a bit more in the ahead. Bank loans are at atl all-time peak, £7,150 million. up £1,400 million on a year ago.
TIN PAN ALLEY. which rose to the occasion with plenty of songs in both world
That
the most search- was given first priority and 1,500 ing and
rigorous skilled workers were transferred Defence Committee examination of the in Northern
arca France
many dit-
at hand and it was too far to send
own. The crews
our
ordered to bomb from 8,000 feci,
ated
in
were It seemed likely that. If the German had succecded in per- fecting and using these new weapons six months earlier than
he did our invasion of Europe would have proved ex- ceedingly difficult, perhaps impossible. I feel sure that if
much below their usual helgh....
were told by Air Marshu Harris
that if the opera lon failed on the first night it would have to be repeated on the next
from anti-aircraft and artillery ferences of opinion arose con- might, and on all suitable rights
production to the task,
within a radius of 180 Two suspicious
miles of London should
be organised and tained;
main- excavations
the
thereafter, regardless of casual- cerning them. Among the ties and regardless of the fact sien ists and technical officers that the enemy would obylousty opinions varied deeply and do everything possible to increase sharply on the question whether his defences after the ürst the new form of attack on the adnék. isiand would be by rocket bombs or by pilotless aircraft.
At the
they had succeeded in using these
weapons Over six-
the
month period, and particularly If they had made Portsmouth-Southampton brea one of their principal targets. "Overlord" The cross-Channel operation of 1944) might have been written off.
German plans
N July 9 Mr Sandys reported ΟΝ
same time everything thal, in addition to their
was done to guide our airmen That the attack on
plans for a rocket attack on
At first the rocket was and deceive the foe. Pathfinders experimental station at London, there was also evidence
favourite, bizt its backers flew ahead to mark the route and Peenemunde should take that the Germans intended to use weakened their case by what the straggling installations, and a
out to be vastly master bomber circled the target in autumn the form of the heaviest pilo:ess aircraft and very long turned possible night attack by range guns. Two excavations of
a suspicious character had been exaggerated estimates of the size assessing results and instruc.ing
and destructive power of the our
planes by radio-telephone. Bomber Command;
detco:ed at Watten, near Ypres, and at Bruneval, near Fecamp. missile, Confronted with these, The route taken was almost the
those responsible
home
raids on same as in previous
and a small force far as possible Special instructions were there-
of security faced the possibility no! Berlin plans should be prepared fore issued to the selected Radar only of evacuating children, ex- Mosquitoes was sent over the maintain a rate of fire of 120 a
England
other capl.al to mislead the enemy. pectant mothers, and for immediate air attack stations in, South-East
to watch for rocke-firing.
selected persons
from London, on rocket firing-points in
but even a wholesale evacuation Northern France as soon Plans were also made by the of the capital itself.
Home Ofee, nol for any as located.
That as
WATS, Hitler intent
has not produced a single one
for the Koreat war. Says John on plan
in
wholesale evacuation of London,
for
but for the removal when the An attack was time came of 100,000 persons in imperative
priority classes, such as school- rhildren and pregnant mothers, at the rate
of has JITLER was meanwhile inten!
10,000 a day.
THIS is an overstatement. The average error of both these weapons was over 10 miles. Even If the Gemans had been able to
upon the plan. Accompanied Thirty thousand Morrison table Minister for Home Securi- ing, but, says Harris, "the very equally to prevent interference
some
of
his
day and if none whatever har been shot down the effect would The weather was worse than have been the equivalent of only
landmarks were two or three one-ton bombs to expected and difficult to find, but it cleared to- square mile per week. However, wards Rugen Island and many it shows that the military com- crews punctually started their manders considered it necessary time and distance rûng. There to eliminate the menace of the was more cloud over the target "y".weapons, not only to protect and the amoke-screen was work- civilian life and property, but Howard, an authority on the history of music: "America has
ty [Mr Morrison) was pro- careful planning of the attack with our offensive operations. been growing up fast. The un-
principal shelters were moved into Lon- foundly disquieted by the reporis ensured a good concentration of : swer is that,
like by Limes
In the early autumin it became Cabinet level, he don, bringing the reserve in the he studied, and always presented bombs or all the timing points." these, nobody wants to write a adherents of
the danger in its most serious The enemy was at first deceived clear that the Germans were war song, sing one, or listen to inspected Peenemunde about the Metropolis up to about 50,000.
We
aspect It was certainly his by the feint en Berlin, but not planning to attack us not only beginning of June, 1943.
with one."
On July 19 our reports stated:
special duty to make sure tha for long enough. Most of our with rockets but also were at this time better informed DEALING with 12 trivial cut rocket missiles than about
unexplained the danger was not underrated. force go: away, but the German pilotless alrcraft. Meanwhile, it Work of an city
fighters caught them during their was observed that in Northern cases in the Long Island
pilotless aircraft. Both methods
nature,
railway including
Lord Cherwell (Mr Churchill's return and in the bright moon- France a large number of groups magistrates' court--they ranged were in full preparation on 1
sidings, turn-tables, buildings, scientific adviser), on the other light 40 of our bombers were shot of curiously shaped structures from lighting a cigarette in a large scale, and Peenemunde was
concrete erections, is
were being, erected. All were tube railway carriage to
West hand, did not belleve that even ob- with the summit of alt research and
proceeding in North
laid out after the same fashion structing the
Fronce.
At most of these f giant rockets could be made the Germans to
and meat of them appeared to some crates-magistrate Charles
be directed on London. Each Murphy imposed fines as low
ahead at a considerable
расе,
included one or more buildinga particularly in the care of they would get far better results
shaped rather like a ski Watten, where great activity is at much smaller cost by using developing Some attempt is pilotless aircraft. Even if they being made to camouflage this 10 or 20 tons, as had been fore-
used rockets with war-heads of THE results
as fd.
pavement
Said he: Things are very
experiment
"
No decisive progress had been made by the Germans towards the atomic bomb. "Heavy water"
tough just now Many people gave little encouragement, but aircraft and the are finding it difficult to make in pilotless
It is hard to rockets Hitler and his advisers both ends meet, lose a day's pay to attend saw a means of delivering a new decisive attack court Some people can't even and possibly buy soup meat at present prices, upon England and the rupturing and I'm not going to take the of the Anglo-American plans for bread and butter away from major cross-Channel return to
the Continent. your children."
Bnd
down.
places construction is going it would pay He insisted that Result of capital
and in one case the work, arrival of has been observed.
make them.
importance
impor.ance,
were of capital
We later discovered from air Although the photographs that there were anti-aircraft guns cast, but which he did not believe physical damage was much less suo ures similar to there in the was possible, he did not think than we supposed, the raid had neighbourhood of Feenemunde, far-reaching influence
and one of the photographs re- the destruction in Britain would "a
on All the constructional vealed a minute aircraft close to When all these facts and re- approach the figures which were events.
From this drawings just completed for issue an inclined ramp. ports were brought before the produced.
It was deduced to the workshops were burned, called "skisites" in Northern that the so- and the sart of large-scale manufacture was considerably France were probably designed delayed.
to store, fill and launch small unmanned aircraft. or flying bombs. parent factory at Peenemunde was hit, and the On Dec. 18 Lord Cherwell sent fear of attacks on factories pro- me a. neport giving his ideas ducing the rocket elsewhere led, about the date and intensity of the Germans
SIR ROB LOCKHART TO
HEAD
IN MALAYA
ANTI-BANDIT HUNT IN
LONDON.
ROM a bookshelf in his By DOUGLAS
study at the Surrey
home to which he re- tired in 1948, General Sir Rob Lockhart picked out a volume entitled "Return to Malaya," written by his dis- elder brother, tinguished Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, "I shall have to read that again," Sir Rob said with a laugh, as we discussed in an exclusive interview his ap pointment na Director of Operations in Malaya in guccession to Sir Harold Briggs
COBBAN
author
brother's Sir
thought the fight was likely to claimed the be a prolonged one yet, he said: attentions but which "As far as one can see, it may has never visited, be." He goes to Malaya for 18 months, under present arrange- ments!
The
to concentrate the attack which might be ex- manufacture in underground works in the Harz mountains. All his view the bombardment would pected from the flying bombs, In Rob these
changes caused serious
not begin before April, and not delays in perfecting and produc more than 100 a day would be ng the weapon.
silver
wall
dispatched after the first day or As I glanced round the little
wo; of these about 25 would get sitting room, I noted a
They also decided to shift their within 10 miles of the aiming cup on the ledge of a
of experimental activities to an es- point. bookcase. The Communists
be in-tablishment in Poland beyond the
It may be that he will have not only his wife and daughter Malaya will perhaps with him in Malaya but also terested in its story. Two years are here Meeting flying his only son, Capt. Nell Lock- ago, Sir Rob was invited back our Polish agents kept vigilant
the middle of bomb attack High the Seaforth
to Pakistan to take part in the watch, and in hart of Blunders. The latter was in centenary celebrations of the January, 1944, the new wespon Surrey on leave prior to sail Punjab Frontier. Force and to was tried. They soon discovered
.
1944 was completed our plans
ing to East Africa to join the vicit his old battalion, the 1/12 is range and line of fire, butter DURING the early months of A shooting course the rockets came down for meeting the flying bomb at- King's African Rites. Two bat- Frontier Force. talions of the KAR are due competition was arranged be many miles apart from each fack. It was decided that the de-
A
to go to Malaya at the end of tween the visitors and the local other. this year, and it is possible, men. Sir Rob scooped the pool though not definitely known at and the silver cup?
the
moment, that Capt. Lock-
Malaya.
might be drafted to
fences should be laid put in three- zones balloon barrage on the German patrols always raced to outskirts of London, beyond that where they fell and collected the a gun belt, and beyond that again fragmente but one day a rocket an nen in which the fighter air- fell on the bank of the river Bug oraft would operate, Steps were And the Malayan terrorists and did not explode. The Poles also taken to has en the supply General Lockhart looks for- may also be glad to be remind got there first, rolled it into the from America of the electronic ward to having African troops ed that he successfully com-river, waited till the Germans predictors and radio proximity with him again. He recalled manded troups during the Ben had given up the cearch, and fuses, which, when the bombard- that he had them under hls. command in Southern India. 1 gal terrorist movement during then salvaged and dismantled it ment eventually shared, made it cast of Calcutta, as he put has been Scouting. He is De- shall be very pleased, to see the unjab troubles In 1922 | under cover, of darkness possible as the gunners to take
and at the
other
times during
& heavy toll of the flying bombs, Mamzerous task accom K.A.R. battalions," he told me. stormy pre-partition days In
the sub-continent. He has had, plished, a Polish engineer was Meanwhile the Brlish and In fact, invaluable experience picked up by a Royal Air Force American Air Forces continued
with
Not that there is any ques
tion of Sir Rob "returning" to
Malaya. He has never. been
it
to me, and until a few weeks
SIR ROB
ago had never any intention of puty Chief Scout and his big- going to Malaya. Three years gest regret today is having to
ho go, when
of the Indian Army following
he came
Job as first Commander
his give up this work.
the
in'dealing.......
subversiva
This
He had the Boy Scouts
1644, and down to England with sites In Northern France. This Badge in the lapel of
While he has never been to movements bolt from the Dakota on the night of July 25, to bomb the hundred or so ski the
soldier's viewpoint dut the any technical documents and was so effective that at the end of India attaining independence, sports jacket he was, wearing,
Malaya, the name has been to the beautifully And my Scout Hat will. Be tomillar to him tince boyhood. viewpoint of the administrates more than 10016 of esential paris April serial reconnaissance In- wooded Surrey village of Row with me in Malaya," he More than one of his uncles. He sees no strong parallel be-
exclits, Mr A. Kocjan, retilmed to ing up work on them, lun lodge, near Farnham, bought a sured me. His wife is to bring were plantera in Malaya, and tween his pertotial experience of the now weapon. The gallant dicated that the momy war giv-
collection of and the situation as it house and prepared to
Polen, and was later caught by But our mailsuction down there for the rest of his at the beginning of next year Malaya stamps from letters in Malaya--but he is by BD the Gestapo and executed' in givind, for in was discos Bond---
when the travels to Malaya he recalls his life. He was 85, fit, but con with their daughter Phyllisha cousins, Hamilton Moore, Though I
they rent. At the moment one means unprepared.
Wanaw on Aug 13, 1944, vinced his soldiering days WOTE Sir Rob, who attended the of
interrailonal Scout camp in engaged in planting in General for an hour, InDefinite part Austria, Was, much more keen Malayu.
over.
Bottle
Though I chatted with the
not till I was leaving his house him-what Anally decided him pakend
to discuss sebuting with me! And, of course, he had heard that earned and not from in the war
́re la only a few weeks sings than he was to discuss Malaya. 'm good, deal about it from ble upon accepting the Malaya up❤ ▼ ŒIE babic on
he made up his mind to accept the bot
The post in Malaya Maintain-
r brother Robert. The confusion over their names has led
PATHA Come amusing situations; people Ladyboy P
„with a plokšanu) made, "Therefore
ing at 56 the para athleti Dgure that was always the All I realise about Malays outside Booiland remise, to be smilesme to bid me goodbye, portent and envy of much younger Army at the moment he said, and lleva tint Hob is not to be ras Trasted her how the wallooks eral prowre
While warded
minutive-le colleagues, Bir Hos looks for that it is tough
back into looking forward tooing, Robert, The Brotherstreg
dilibication
he was
*