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۱۹۷ فرح یا تا
FLYING
LOW LIVING
SAUCER
Why We Need Not Be Alarmed About
STALIN'S 300 SUBMARINES
F
NOR some time it has been known that the Russians are building
a powerful fleet of sub- marines. We are told they have 300.
We cannot ignore the rise of this new striking force. But, fortunately, we
by
EDWARD SHACKLETON, M.P. Son of the famous explorer, late Anti-U Boat Intelligence Coastal Command
of the aircraft coastal submarines which effectivenes
that were do know something about might not be dangerous ne les and weapons
esponsible for more than half these submarines.
and some quite obsolete the German U boat killings.
But we do not stand still. Now Most of them are of
Russia, according to "Jane's types of radar may enable a conventional types, many Fighting Ships," seems to have plane more easily
10 delec: a are of pre-war design and a policy of never scrapping a Schnorkel.
Thee is the Sono-Buoy, probably less efficient than ship,
The real core of the fleet are combined hydrophone and radio the German U boats.
the "I" and "Shtcba" class transmitter which relays the "Included in the 300 are a submarines, but the performance sound of a submarine to an
number large
of small of even these relatively modern aeroplane. It can be dropped in
boats is not out of the ordinary. numbers co cover a wide area.
Its sacical use is exceedingly
"CLOSING THE RING”—CHAPTER EIGHT
MUSSOLINI SETS UP
RIVAL GOVERNMENT
By Winston
rescue
S. Churchill
boats.
What progress?
HE important question
THE
10
A
complicated, and there are many
noises in the sea, including fish
answer is: What progress which baik. squcal, and even have the Russians made with
new-type submarines?
Imitate the thud of a submarine's engine.
to
They must ve German sometimes, 100, the radio technicians working for them.
had been star led operator therefore reasonable to hear not a propeller suppose that they are pressing music!
It is
on with the revolutionary Further, we arc "Walther-boat," a submarine ca
but dange
progressing
which the Germans were ex- with homing torpedoes which, if perimenting towards the end of dropped in the area, pursue the
submarine and destroy I.
the war.
It carries its own oxygen
There ore, too. undoubtedly new and startling detection de- vices and weapons which mus:
remain secret.
We replied
the form of hydrogen peroxide. and is said to be capable of underwater speeds of 25 knots.
But hydrogen peroxide is tricky
and unstable stuff, and there are reporta that the one E can think of the last f "Warter-boat CA which the beat war as a sequence of
experimenting measure and counter-measure surely no need for Russians
and sank with all
When it became too dangerous us to work from the bottom of blew up
Germans for the
to travel on the Balkens upwards. If we hands.
We might be on safe grounds. the surface by day, they sur- can get on égrtement between the Patriots and the Italian therefore, if for the present, we faced by night.
£ serious
of
Mussolini to set up
on
glad if were found possible There for this Keet 10 serve under Pacific Com- the American mand and put in at least four months of useful Aghing in the Pacific before 1sking ats Indian Beran s ation.
have cannot afford
up We idle
ships..
On the night of Sept. 8, 1943, and carried to yet another meet- Marshal Badogllo had broadcast ing in Munich with Hitler.
The Italy's acceptance of the armis- tice terms. German forces en- enabled the Germans circled Rome, which they sub- in the north a rival Government A skado Fascist dued
days. 10 Badogo's In the next few
on the Badoglio and his Government, regime was established together with the Italian Royal shores of Lake Como, and it was was played out the family, escaped to Brindisi, by her that
druma of Mussolini's Hundred now occupied by Allled forces.
Days. I aly was now to pass EANWHILE, after through the most tragic time in and to become the 8, her history dark on Sept.
of some of the battis-ground in accordance fiercest ghting in the war. with
M
structions, the
of the italian
Allied in-
main body Admiral Pound Fleet left resigns
Genoa and Spezia on # daring voyage of surrender
by Allied
[The "Quadrant" Conference
from Apart
strategy from the standpoint of high policy His
Government Majesty's would desire to participate in
in order The Pacific war
to give such measure of resistance as is in their power not only to their American Allies, but on account of the obligations to Australia and New Zealand. Such a movement of our ships to and through the Pacific would undoubtedly exercise a demoralising effect upon Japen, who must now be conscious of the very great addition of naval weight thrust agams. her, and besides this it woul stely give satisfaction in the United States as being a proct IN the White House the Presi-
pasive of British resolve to dent and sat talking after
vigorous take an and Adm.
Love and dinner in his study
the end in the war pant to Pound cam:
upon a to see us
against Japan.
Italian air- OF
to Malta, unprotected either at Quebec had ended on Aup. 24, but Mr Churchill, after a shert Ashing holiday, had gone craft. Next morning when to visit President Roosevelt as steaming down the west the White House. He prolonged coast of Sardinia it was at his stay in view of develop. tacked by German aircraft ents in foaly.1 from bases in France.
bit,
The flagship Roma was and blew up with heavy loss of life. including the Commander naval point. The President asked in-Chief, Adm. Bergamin. The him several questions about the
battleship labia was also dam- general aspecs f the war, and Importance of
aged. Leaving some light craft
Ï
wus
pained to 3:0 that my Balkans
to rescue survivors, the rest of usted naval friend led lost the fet continued its painful outstanding matter-of-fact pre-
cision which characterised him.
the
journey.
On the morning of the 10th Beth the Presidem and I were they were met at sea by British sur: he was very ill.
the Wampite forces, including
Next morning Pound came lo and Valiant, which had so often see me in my big bed-sitting- sought him before under dif- room and said abruptly, "Prime ferent cricumstances, and were Minister, I have ecme to resign,
stroke and escorted to Malta. A squadron 1 have had
my from Taranto, including two right side is largely paralysed. balesh
hps, had also saled on thought it would pass cff, but the 9th, and after passing al rea 1 gels worse every day and the Brish fores on its way to I am no longer t for duty." I First Sen occupy that part, reached Malta at once accepted the
the following day without in- Lord's resignation, and expressid ciden.
my profound sympathy for his
On the morning of the 11th breakdown in heal ieved at
Dow
will
is
were
We replied by fixing search- which homed! lights to aircraft in on their radar, switching on the light for the actual attack.
When the
fitted Germans radar search receivers which warning of the presenca we retaliated by flooding the area with so many
Nothing to fear
is also talk of atomic-powered submarine
range and
en- gave we have nothing of aircraft
troops should be possible to discounted this as
or more danger, open quite scor one good ports on the Daima lan cons, enabling munitions and supplies to be sont in by ship and cll forces that will obey be raised ic orders to good fighting condition...
the defensive When
aoros Northern Italy has been completed it may be possible
Our
to
spare some
line
of our own
THERE of unlimited duznice, but
fear here, so far. 0
A force we must reckon with aircraft flying high with their
the new, fast, German-type radar switched on that the t XXI U boats, These large
commander boat
never knew tubmarines have Improved forces assigned to the Medlier-Schnorkels, and their maximum the surface.
when It was
safe to remain on ranean theatre to emphasise submerged speed is something At
the U boats one time ke 15 knots, with a cruising stayed on the surface by day speed of eight knots,
back, using any and fought The Germans were actually thing up to ten light flak guns. prefabricating the
type XXIE
To counter this, forward firing a big scale, and in the
projectiles words of the official account of cannon and rocket
were fitted to aircraft. the Battle of the Atlantic: "The
movement north and
north- castward from the Dalmatian ports. For the moment the utmost efforts should be put organise the altack upon the Germans throughout the Balkan peninsula supply agents, arms, and goodadvent of these new U boats direction.
forth to
and to
ק
would have revolutionised sub-
Potential hunters
something like
а
tree, and
flying Coastal
Constal Command is still equipped mainly with Lan-
lands.
Lastly, Whe question
of marine warfare" but they came ALL this equipment calls for islands is now ripe for con- too late. sideration, Sardinia, I imagine, The Russians possess a dozen Christmas w come over immediately, type XXIs and should be build- Command and Naval Aviation
they are though we may have to sending others. Indeed,
must have the right aircraft for some help to the Italians in said to have over 100 sub- the job. procuring the disarmament of marines under construction. any German units there. In New types Carsice the Germans have per- haps already been overcome,VET, having sold all this, there casters and old pre-war Sunder- but surely here is the place is no reason at all to be for a French expedition...
alarmist. Gen. Wilson's telegram about
The majority of Russia's sub- the operations against Rhodes marines are old. and other islands in the Dods- Such submarinca boldly hand- canese is all right so far as it led and using acoustic homing a serioua goes, but am not satisfied that torpedoes could be sufficient use
Bus could is being made nuisance. under the present conditions et Russians emulate the Germans on the forces in the Middle East.. in "wolf-pack" tucties? We must expect far-reaching is debatable.
But at lust the Shackleton, a specially designed maritime air- craft, is coming into the squad- rons, and we expect soon to get the Neptune, a first-class Ameri- can anti-submarine aircraft,
Meanwhile the Navy is con- the centrating its main resources
for preparations
anti- That submarine warfare.
Our own submarines have
The public must be gradual- ly led to realise what we and our Combined Staffs have so fully in mind, namely, the con- version of Haly into an active Al- agent against Germany. though we could not recognis: Italy as
in the full an ally sense, we have agreed she is to be allowed. to work her passage, and that useful ser: vice against the enemy not only be aided but recOM- pensed, Should fighting break ou between Italians and Ger- mans the public prejudices will
to make any request or incur they could maintain on patrol forces are being strengthened very rapidly depart, and in a
any obligation. focnight or so matters may be ripe, if we can so
There was wide agreement in with the size of their feet, direct events,
all along for an Italian declaration of principle between us
the lines set forth in the above submarines might neutralise the be vital. war against Germany...
note, and the Staffs concerted the over-all assumption necessary action the
in the that followed. decisive victory Naples azca, we are, I presume,
Adml. Cunningham informed the I told him he was Admiraly that the Ralian battle that moment from all
respon- fleet
lice at anchor un- sibility,
and
him lo rest der the guns of the fortrees of for a few days and then come Malta." The splendid prize of home with me in the Renown. the whole Flest of what had been Не completely master
Was
of On
cf a manner
a victorious Power of the first himself, and his whole rank thus fell into our hands,
1 must be made to play its part en cur side.
Collapse of
Fascism
was instinct with dignity.
On Sept. 9 we held a formal conference with
Presi- dent at the White House. The
the
CIGS. and the C.A.S. had town back to London some days be- fore, and I was accompanied by Field-Marshal Din, Ismay, and the three representatives of the British Chiefs of Staff
in
WITH the collapse of the Fas
W
cist regime every region of Italy was in a ferment of polt- Washinglen The President Of cal speculation. The organisation brought with him Leahy, Mar-
of resistance to the Germans feli shall, King, and Arnold.
by default into the hands of an
underground Committe et A basis for
Liberation in Rome, and linked
with the mounting activity of discussion
partisan bands which now began
notivities throughout the penin- TN preparation for this meeting suta.
agreed to march northwards
reactions in Bulgaria, Rumania, The Russians in modern times here an important part to play and Hungary, and these again have not achieved much success as potential hunters of enemy may produce a movement from in naval warfare. It is certain submarines. the Turk without our having that the number of submarines
Our surface anti-submarine
would be a handful compared by new building.
The Asdic, the famous under- It is true that new high-speed water detecting apparatus, will
in the days SCRA
up the Italian peninsula until Anglo-American we come up against the main event German positions. I remain
course,
the
a
strongly convinced that we THE next day the President Jeft should be very chary of ad- Washington for his home at vancing northward beyond the Hyde Park. He asked me to use narrow part of the Italian the White House not only as peninsula.
residence but for any conference if the Germans I retreat to the Alps another might wish to hold, either with skuation is presented, but, fall-Brkish Empire represents- tives who had gathered in ing that, it would seem beyond washington or with the United our strength, having regard to
not to the requirements
"Over Sites werchiefs, and
hesitate to call another plenary "10 broaden out into the meeting should I deem it neces plains of Lombardy. We have eary. I availed myself fully of ake to consider that the Ger- these generous faciles,
marks,
I
I had prepared a memoran- The imembers of this Commit- dum to the President, which tee were politicians driven from had submitted to him carlier in power by Mussolini in the early the day. He asked me to read 1920s or representatives of groups out and thought it would make hostile to Fascist rule. Over all a basis for our discussion, hung the menace of a recrudes. It' would surely be con- cence of the hard core of Fascia venient before we separate to
have a plenary meeting of the 1 Combined. Chiefs of Staff”, in order to take stock of the new world situation which will www arise on the assumption that the present bottle for Naples and Rome is successful and that the Germans retreat to the line of the Appennines or
In the hour of defest, The Ger- mans certainly did their best to promote it.
Muspolini had been interned etter July 28 on the island of Ponza, and later at La Mad- dalena, off the coast of Sardinia, Fearing a German coup de moin, Badogo had at the end of August moved his former master 10 # a small mounisin resort high in the Abruzzi in Central Italy. In the use of the flight from Rime to precise Instructions were given to the police
Agenda
I
and carabinizci guarding the fallen Dictator
On the
morning of Sunday, Sept. 12, 90 German parachutisis
aded by glider gear the bota. where Mussolini Włos: confineck, He was removed, w/Lhoish ammuk]– Tes, in a ligin Dorman aircrust,
Assuming we get the Italian
of
Accordingly, as there was o
Sept
Interior working on lines, may perhaps bring 2 heavier force to bear upon our general desire to take stocks of frent in Italy than we shall he rapid movement of events in
Fiely
and the progress of the have there at the end of the fierce and critical battle for ..year.
The possibility of a
convened another meet- strong German counter-attack Naples,
ing at the White House on cannot be excluded.
11, at which I presided mygeld ́should like it to be consi- The United States were represen dered whether we should not, ted by Admi, Leahy, Gen, Mar- when we come up against the shall, Admi. King, Gen, Arnold, main German position, con- Harry Hopkins, Averell Hart- 'rust a strong foiled line of man, and Lew Douglas, I brought our own, properly sited in
is with me Dil and Ismay, and our depth, Italian military labour thrto representatives on the could be used on a large scale Combined Chiefs of
Jets of Staff. for this purpose. Italian troops
honour to meto over his conference of
inpreside
could naturally take parts Combined Chiefs of Staff and ] Fleet," we gain not only that ding the line...
Fleet, but the British
are both of us acutely of American and British dulcet Fiest, i; conscious of the grendi, impor- ties in the Council Room at the tance of Hire Balkan alunion, White House, and 32 seemed to
which has hitherto contained
dk. This very heavy addition to ! We should make sure that the be an event in Anglo-Amerleen
our aval power should be
red at the exclient
moment
against Japani.
to intensity
bla
history,
Mediterranean. H-2 SAMS
absorbed in bil prosin
overlook the neede
Wat
the
· Prinote
We need strong Eastern
Flea based on Colombo dur
foroes there On World Copyright reserved. Repros
the amplion that the Tallens fuction, perfe
can be drawn into the war language, strictly prohibited.
ing disamphibious operations Fanidan Germany, Dir-reaching
next year;) E-whould be very il powerville som to be open. (MORE TOMORROW)
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