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THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1951.
Happy last-minute decision by the Government to send, instead of gun-boats, a delegation from the British Council to teach these Persians how tough we British can be.
London Express Service
DON IDDON'S SHIPBOARD DIARY
from the Empress
E
..
s of France
ACH day we have world and became Empresses. gathered round the Mainly we carry business men ship's loud speakers British families emigrating to from Lancashire and Yorkshire, and listened to reports on Canada, and a multitude of the King's health. The children.
voyage that began in an- xiety and disappointment in Liverpool is ending more happily in Quebec.
L
Call of the West
THE
THERE are large numbers of my readers aboard. One When the news that Princess man came up to me when we Elizabeth and the Duke of Edin- were two days out and said: burgh were definitely making "Are you Don Iddon?" I said, the Canadian trip was an- "Yes," and the man said: "I am nounced people in the main Bob Southante, of Ilford, and I lounge clapped. The gloom and rend an article of yours from frustration disappeared.
Alberta about Canads being the
This is a pleasant, workman- country of opportunity and like ship, without any tancy airs needing British stock, so I made and graces, and the passengers up my mind to chuck my job ore the same. There is no ne in England and try things in semblance between the glitter- Canada,"
palaces which Snil between And Mr and Mrs B. H. V. Southampton and New York Wills, of Dover, who are also and the Canadian Pacific Em- emigrating, told me they had presses, whose titles perhaps are been influenced by various too grandiose,
The ships used to be called Duchesses, but got on in the
WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS
new
"CLOSING THE RING”—CHAPTER FOUR
COMPLEX PROBLEMS OF SURRENDER
YOMPLEX
THE
TE U
THE following day I tele- graphed to Gen. Eisenhower:
Prime Minister to Gen Etsenhower.
to the countless problems will
Italian homis who long for now lay before us.
them," &c. We had to consider how 10 treat the Alternative Italian Government.
draft We had to expect the im- minent collapse of Italy as an Axis partner, and to draft in detail the terms of surrender, bearing in mind not only the reactions in Italy itself, but also in Ger- many. We had to take into account the strategic impli cations of these events, to plan what to do in areas outside Italy, in the Egean and in the Balkans, which were still held by Italian forces.
On July 27 the Presiden sent me the draft cf a broadcast for Gen. Eisenhower to make to the Ital people. This had been approved by the Join: United Stats Chicks of Staff, and con- tained the following sentence: "Your mon will return to their normal life and their productive avocations, and hundreds cf thousands of Italian prisoners now in our hands will return to the countless Italian homes who long for them. The ancical liberties and traditions of your country will be restored."
Fate of our' prisoners
WAS
not only
concerned
about the draft of this joint message, but about the fate of our prisoners of war in Italian hands.
Former Naval Person to President Roosevelt,
28 July, 43, There are 74,000 British pri- soners in Italy, and there are also about 30,000 Yugoslavs and Greeks. We cannot agree to any promise to release "hun- dreds of thousands of Italian prisoners now in our hands” unless our men and Allied men
tre saved from the horrors of..
German captivity and restored
to us.
the of Priscners arising plurality from earlier
Moreover, apart from Italian prisoners taken in Tunts and Sicily, we have at least a quar- milion Italians cap- ter of fured by Wavell two years ago and
parked about the world. We think 11 da too much to offer of such a large
phases of the.
war, nor do we think it necessary. We are e ready however to agree to all Italian prisoners taken in Tunis and taken or to be taken in Sicily being traded against the Briish" and Allied prisoners mentioned above.
Accordingly we suggest that Eisenhower a message at this point should read as followe
Your man will reluro la their normal life una to Kelt produce. tive evocations, andi prov. Brilsh and Allied prisoners now.
German
ILMAN TA' COMPANY. LTD.
(Algiers), 29 July, 43
There are covious dangers in trying to state armistice terins in an attractive, popular form to the enemy nation. It is far better that all should be cut and dried and that their Gov- ernment should know our fuli demands and
their maximum expectations. We are sending our alternative draft to your Government, and will no doubt reach agreement with them in plenty of time for any negotia
lions which you may have to conduct or which we shall be handling.
*And to the President:
Former Naval Person to President Roosevelt,
the
general commanding in Beld. He can of course deal with any proposals coming from the troops on his im- mediate front for a local sur- render.
our thoughts
the
Finally, all are concentrated
upon great battle about to be fought by the British Eighth and United States Seventh Armies against the 65,090 Germans cornered in the Eastern Sici- Han tip. The destruction of these men could not come at better time to influence events, not only in Italy but throughout the world. It is grand to think of our soldiers advancing side by side like brothers and with good pros- pects of victory ahead.
ย
Articles of armistice
THE President agreed with us
that Eisenhower should not broadcast terms for un armis- tice with the enemy, but urged that in order to avoid unneces- 29 July, 43.
sary and possibly costly mili- 1 was so glad to hear your tary action against Italy he voice again on the telephone] should be authorised to state and that you were in such good conditions when and if
the spir!'a.
Italian Government asked him
our
I have told Eisenhower that for them. we fully agree to his releasing the proclamation
I did with
not see why such a amendment inserted about proposal should necessarily be Brkish and Allied prisoners,
made to Eisenhower, none of whose forces were in contact Discarding etiquette, I have with the enemy except in Sicily, seni p direct message to the and then only with the Ger- King of Italy through Switzer- mans. It seemed to me more land emphasising our vehement likely that the Italian Govern- and savage interest in this ment would negotiate through matter. I am most grateful for the Vatient, the Turks, or the your promise to put the screw Swiss. I agreed, however, that on through
the Pope or any II Eisenhower were suddenly other convenient channel. If approached by an envoy ho the King and Badoglio allow should have precise terms, em- our prisoners and key men to bodying the principle of uncon- be carried off by the Huns ditional surrender, which ho without doing their utmost to could immediately use as the stop it, by which I man using basis for granting on armistice, physical force, the feeling here and after much discussion the would be, such that no nego- following articles were agreed: flations with that Government would stand a chance in public opinion,
Ought not to broadcast
Armistice Terms. The War Cabinet are quite clear that. we ought not to broadcast -armisllco terms to the enemy: It is for their responsible Government to ask formally for an armistice on the basis of our principle of uncondi- tional surrender. Then I up poso envoys would be appoint- ed And o rendezvous fixed,
mainland, to the Allies, for such use as operational bases and other purposes as the Allies may sec At.
7
Immediate guarantee of the free use by the Allies of all airfields and naval ports in Italian territory, regard- less of the rate of evacuation of the Italian territory by the German forces. These ports and Melds to be protected by Italian arthed forces unt this function is taken over hy the Alles.
0. Immediate withdrawal to Italy of Italian armed forces from all participation in the current war, from whatever areas in which they may now be engaged.
sary
9. Guarantee by the Italian Government that if neces-
It will employ all available armed forces ensure
and prompt
exact compliance with all the pro- visions of this armistice.
10. The
Commander - In - Chief of the Allied Forces reserves to himself the right to take any measure which In his opinion may be neces- sary for the protection of the Interests of the Allied Forces
Former Naval President Roosevelt,
Person
Diaries from Canada and the United States. I shrink from this responsibility and disclaim any intention of denuding Bri- tain and providing new citizens for Canada.
The one concern
APTAIN B. B. GRANT is in
command, and he is a man
of great amiability and charm. We have had several talks, and he summed up most people's feelings aboard when he said: "Our own little disappointments at not having the Princess and the Duke aboard mean nothing compared to the King's health. That is all that matters." We all feel like that. After flying from New York to board the Empresa am rather disappoint. ed myself, but that is minor trouble.
The most spectacular people aboard are the Sadler's Wells to Ballet Company. This is not a second string or reserve team of 31 July, 43. the Sadler's Wells Company that My position is that once triumphed in their North Mussolini and the Fascists are American tour last year. It is gone I will deal with any equally talented, but younger Italian authority which can and perhaps more original. Alt deliver the goods. I am not it needs to do is to change its in the least afraid for this name to avoid confusion among purpose of seeming to the public.
recognise the House of Savoy Miss Ninette de Valois, the or Badoglio, provided they director, is in charge (she hates ure the ones who can make being called Dame de Valois) the italiars do what we need, and she has plenty to say. She for our war purposes. Thost is grey-haired, austere, arid dis- purposes would certainly be tinguished. She and Mr G. T. hindered by chaos, Bolshevi- Chamberlain, the general man- sation, or civil war.
ager, are travelling first class, while the 46 dancers are travel- We have no right to lay un-
ling tourist. due burdens on our troops. It
Miss
tells me: de Valais may well be that after the Everything is far too rushed in armistice terms have been ar-
When
cepted both the King and the United States. Badoglio will sink under the toured with the other Sadler's odium of surrender and that Wells Company we were swept in and out of towifs and theatres the Crown Prince and a new
on a hurricane. We could have Prime Minister may be
played many places a week, but chosen.
we were catapulted out in a few
of days. Some the theatres In the nouncement about self-deter-were too big and many minatice at the present time,dieres couldn't have seen us beyond what is implicit in the properly. This hectic burry is Atlantic Charter. I agree with you that we must be very care- ful not to throw everything in to the meking-pot.
I should deprecate any pro-
or for the prosecution of the Two-stage
war, and the Italian Govern-
Prime Minister to Foreign Secretary.
ment binds itself to take methad such administrative or other action as the Commander- in-Chief may require, and in particular the Commander- in-Chief will establish Alllei military government Over such parts of Italian territory as he may deem necessary in the military Interests of the Allied nations.
11. The Commander-in- Chief of the Allied forces will have a full right to im- pose measures of disarmD- ment, demobilisation and de- militarisation.
Attitude to
1. Immediate cessation of Badoglio
all hostile activity by the Italian armed forces.
UPON
-
PONour attitude to the 2 Italy will use i's best en- now Italian Government of deavours to deny to the Gor- Badoglio depended the speed mans facilities that might be with which the Italians would used against the United Na probably approach us for pruce tions.
terms. We gave much thought to this matter, which was al- 3. All prisoners or Inter- ready being observed in the necs of the United Nations to Press on both sides of the At- be immediately turned over lantic.
to the Aliled Commander-in- Chief, and none of these may ' from the beginning of these be evacuated to negotiations Germany.
4, Immediate transfer of the Italian Fieet and Italian air- craft to such points as may be designated by the Allied.
· Commander» in « Chief, with: details of disarmament to be prescribed by hims
Our version in already in your hands. As you will see it follows the main Haes of Eisenhower's draft, but is more precise and is cast in a form sulted to discussion bes tween plenipotentingles rather than a popular appeal. There are great dingers In trying. thlear of dore u wil Jam Yorkie pallent.
S
that the
up
Agreement that Italian merchant shipping may be requisitioned by the Anled Commander-in-Chier to meet the needs of his military- naval programmo Un Immediate:
President Boosevelt Prime Minister.
~80 July, 43. There are some contentious people here who are getting ready to make. a row if we Been to recognise the House bi Savoy or Badogilo. They are the same element which made such a fuss over North Africa
31 July, 43..
silly idea." Miss de Valois believes that success of British the great ballet is merely the result of cycle. "You never get opera and ballet at their peak gether. If along comes another Melba or Jenny Lind, then down will go ballet-it's just a cycle."
Lithe and lovely
20-
The
Many things in life are sat-THE dancers themselves are a died by the two-stage method. girls trip end pirouette about
lithe and lovely fat. For instance, a man is not pre- the ship in bright red and bive vented from saying, “Will you
marry darling?" because
me
be has not
and
green -costumes, with got the marriage scarves draped over their heads,
Tage contract, drawn up
by the and the Lancashire and York- family elicitors, in his pocket.shire business men stare unti Personally I think the terms their soild wives nudge them. wich Eisenhower
The male dancers are long may now offer are much more likely in haired and languid, e little too be understood by an envoy, and decorative and affected for un this kind. The thus be capable of immediate excursion of scceptance, then the legal ver-dancers' ages vary from 17 to 23 binge of the Instrument of and most of them have never Surrender, and they will look been abroad before, much beller if published.
President Prime Minister,
Roosevelt
in
Chamberlain, the general manager, is my favourite ship- It we get emergency terms board companion because there It means that the Italians will is no nonsense about him and he have given themselves upp is utterly honest. They pom- us, lock, stock, and barrel. per stage people now. I used to There would be nothing impre-produce, direct, net, and shift ber in our requiring them to the scenery myself, in the old hand over the pull-through and days. Played in every kind of to other cleaning materials after show from Shakespeare wards,
vaudeville-been to every place, England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. Those were the days." 3 Aug., 48
The dancers minimum salary I have read Instrument of in England is abouts 27 per Surrender, and while the Jan-week, but in Cenade and the guage seems on the whole good United States they will receiva
seriously doub; advisablilty around £30 per week and they using it at all. After all, the will certainly need sila. Imdre- terms 2 surrender already ap-ario Sol Hurok and the North proved and stat Eisenhower American audience will "pro- ought to be all that is neces-vide the dollwg, and the British Jary, Why te his hands by an Treasury hould do, well. Instrument that
be over- sumfelent for, Insuficien ? Why
I
not let him set to meet silua- lions as they erle
I told the Press today that we have to treat with any person or persons in
All this awaited our impending Italy who can best give us Conference at Queban first disarmament, and, sed ondamurance against chaor, and I think also that you and Iafter un emaile comes count 'say something Langtare Tallan out well-determination in
Itals varb the proper time.
Wool and money