HOW
HER
ina.
URING, the winter our
ed.
knowledge
THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1960. M
BRITAIN REDUCED BOMBER LOSSES
of
We
I
nows that we were hitting in- stretching from the North Sea aircraft. As they would only
factories
switch on the appach Martini, Director-General
110
the
the Ger- 4 screen in the cockpit a map
the target. A cheap and be blown along by the wind cloudy to on of 1941, our Intelli. man night defences was clos- of the ground over which it dividual
low. If the bomber navigated
Ruhr reached wholesale method of jamming the echo from the aircraft mov- In the nights suspected
with gence
thu nld of "Gee" or
the entire system was urgenty ing at hundreds of miles an in Hitler at his headquarters
hour could in principle be dis- to within say Russia.
nt needed that the Germans
ther methods
He immediately sout
entangled from the others. Linto In 1940 Prof. Linde- 50 miles of the torgot it could for Goering and Generat are using a new radar
But this mann began to raise doubts in then
would be very difficult Profesiosu of As early as 1937 paratus for giving the my mind about the accuracy and drop its bombers rection and range of our of our bombing, and in 1941
Signals of the Luftwaffe. After Lindemann had prompted me to do in the few minutes avall- cloud
without pos haranguing or haze
them. he stated to make a very simple sugges nble, and we reckoned that it authorised his Statistical siblilty of jamming or inter- that it was a scandal that the tion du the Air Defence Rey would hamper, if not prevent, anes to their anti-aircraft had
Inves-
accurato gun-laying by Department to make an
ferenco. Distance would
not. British could achieve this feat, search Committee. This was anti-aircraft This apparatus was tigation
batteries, and Bomber nt
Head-
matter, as the plane would
and
could not to scatter from the air packets the Germans
make lieved to look like a large quarters.
The Tesults
very difficult for the Con- carry ita radar
Martial repiled that the Ger of tin-toll strips cut to a special radar operators in charge of eye with it ectric bowl fire.
hnd Our Armed our fears.
wherever it wont and the eye mans were not only able to do length so as to elmulate a bom- the German ground control to assured that three-quar-
It, but had done it in the Blitz ber cret agents, our listening been
the enemy's radar
guide the defending fighters to wath the "X" and "Y" beam screena. If a. cloud of these the attacking bombers, paratus and air photo ters of our bombs were hitting could see in the dark.
the target We now learned
The Fuhrer said he were dropped by which after systems.
our aircraft although two-thirds aphs soon found out that that,
not be convinced by the enemy fighters would not bomber chain of stations' stretch- the
crews belleved
would
be able to tell which were our Our bombers, came to hear of bombers and which were our it and wanted to use it at once along the northern coast they had found the target one- fifth of them had actually failed
tin-foll strips. This was later to savo their machineo. But Europe, and that one of
to get within five miles of it.
called "Window." The exports the eng Was obvious. The em, probably containing The air photographs showed
wore doubtful, and the idea device was so simple, and so new equipment, was how little damage was being
had not been tested in four effective that the enemy might years later when, under Lande- copy it and use. it against us. ablished on Cap d'Anti- done.
at Bruneval, not
mann's direction, highly secret If he started to bomb us again, trials were hold early in 1942. as ho had done in Havre,
1040, our own fighter would be equally bulled and our own defence
be equally frustrated. Fighter Command accordingly wanted the secret kept at
for
of
methods had been Several proposed to guide bombers to their targets by radio aids, but Dec. 3, 1941, n æquadron until we recognised how in- Ar of the Photographie Re- accurato our bombing WAS nnaissanoc Unit happened to there seemed no reason to enl
complications. such Intelligence Centre bark on
our
d learnt of our suspicions. Now attention was focused on
his own initiative he flow them. We had developed er next day and spotted it.
Dec. 5 he made another device called "Gee," by which
ther radio
pulses were sent out
This devico, wards became well known by
THE AIR WAR. AGAINST NAZI GERMANY IS DISCUSSED BY BRI- TAIN'S WARTIME LEADER·
IN THIS CHAPTER, WHICH IS THE 12TH IN HIS FOURTH BOOK OF SECOND WORLD WAR MEMOIRS, "THE HINGE OF FATE.”
fix early
These
system were successful, - and the.cafter "Window** wns rapidly developed. At first sight it seemed that these decoys would have to be as large 政府 alrcraft in order to give 19 good
But they.
mie antidote.
till we
had found
any
Ан
and demanded a de- were cut to the exact length to Tense controversy
le and took a brilliant and simultaneously from three the code rume H.S. encounter words,
At the cost of respond to the enemy radar essful
ed, many obstacles, and I was monstration. photograph. Our stations for apart in England. for some time warned that considerable effort, this
Was this was unnecessary, and they ntists found that It was By
exact timing of their or it could not be achieved. Bul arranged. In the meantime
gavo a very much stronger Tense controversy ctly
gulded by echo for their size than an un- what they expected. rival at an aircraft it could
in 1943 the equipment Bomber Command,
It "Oboe," had wrought great da- tuned muss though it was at the top of its position within a mile. This
of metal like an however, operations. was ready for 400-foot cliff, shelving was an improvement, and WC
WDS issued to the pathfinder mage in the Ruhr.
seroplane. ach near by, provided a began
it on a large was to use salble landing-place,
group which, copying the Ger- and a scole about ten days after
of example mab
Kampf Gruppe 100, ommando rald was planned Bruneval
we had formed
raid.
the With its aid
not reach deep
cordingly on Feb. 27, 1942. we struck at most of the Ruhr, some months earlier. Success But we still had to deal with
but it could
In the snow and darkness a enough into Germany,
tachment of
paratroops
opped nt midnight behind German station on the cliff "mmit and held the defenders bay. With them went a
refully briefed party
ppers,
with instructions
of 10
the
More accurate
WAS Immediate. Nor did its the German night fighter. usefulness stop at bombing on which Becounted for about land.
three-quarters of our Icests, Each German fighter was con fined to A narrow area the
separate
station ground
Radar echoes
Our
Intelligence
⚫ensued. discovered, that the Germans had already thought of it and indeed expected us to use
On after the raid on Bruneval. June 22, 1943, I convened t staff conference of the heads of Bomber and Fighter Com- mand to decide upon the use
A way of malting such "tuned of "Window" In bombing dipoles,"
as they are known operations. The Brst test was technically, cheaply and easily, made in a raid on Hamburg Its effects
one alde often
For
time our aircraft say, and was controlled by was worked out in 1942 after on July 24, 1943, some had carried air-borne radar for
O a certain amount of stimulation surpassed expectations, These ground stations had from above. It was found that Another device on similar detecting surface vessel at sea. move as much of the equip lines called "Oboe" was much This was called A.S.V. But in originally been built in a line strips of paper with
Europe,
the called ccross
metallised, such 29 is But since it the autumn of 1942 the G Kamhuber line after the name used to
Heated controversies, which ent as they could, sketch and more accurate.
had begun to at their
итар up chocolate, we intercepted, between the botograph the rest, and if involved flying for a consider-mana
of the German general who ible
capture one of able time in a straight line the U-boats with special receivers
built it.
As we attempted to were quite sufficient if cut to German ground control opera- signals pierce
and the pilots in their for detecting the
the right length to reflect radio tors man operators. In all this bombers were exposed
or outflank it, so the
wayed strongly Bundles
of fighter planes, showed the con- although a great
A.A. fire. which it sent out. They were succeeded,
dangers from
enemy extended and deepened W
For some strips of
sort, weighing fusion which arose, timetable in the
cut And, as with "Gee," the radio thus enabled to dive in time
Our months
bomber attack. As which it was de- avald
only a few pounds, thrown out wn their working period from
a result it. waves for
less than a half Coastal
successes Command
anroplane would futter dropped to of an barely ten an hour in
were too short to curve signed
war, U-boats declined
down in clouds several yards And up to the end of the inutes. Most of the equip- round
surface; in sinking the carth's
German ghter our losses in merchant
echoes although the Nearly 750 of these stations across and give radar found, dismantled hence it could only be used up and WLS
H.S. Was spread acros Europe ivy almost exactly like those pro- planes increated four-fold, our.. der Bre, and carried to the to distances at which the air shipping increased.
bomber losses nover recked agh. Here the Navy craft was above the horizon adapted for use in the A.S.V. fashion from Berlin westwards duced by ordinary bombers.
WES
the same level that hád with striking advantage. to Ostend, northwards to the alling and took the party off. say 200 miles at 25,000ft. This role
made 1943 it
a definite Skagerrak and southwards limited seriously the regions In
We found all but
It was hoped that we might suffered before Windows was
Hood. could we
attack.
Something contribution to the final defeat Marsellica.
six of the U-boats.
of them, but there were be able to confuse the German better was needed.
too many to destroy by bomb- radar if a good many bombers paper ing, If they were permitted strawed clouds of such
about the sky, which Since 1041, when the idea
Our air offensive in 1943 to stay in operation our bomb- strips
give spurious radio had been shown to be feasible,
started well and the accuracy ets would have to drive their would Lindemann had argued that
through many hundred echoes and make it difficult to radar set mounted in the air of the "Oboe" attacks worried way.
the Germans considerably. The miles of night fighter "boxes distinguish the echo of the rest craft itself could throw on
tent
Still missing
Supplemented by a rapidly of agents creasing network ho were specially briefed In for intelligence, and by indly neutrals who brought Information from the oc- countries our know- of the German defences
w all through 1942.
In speaking of "agents" and riendly neutrals" it would fair to single out the Bel- abs for special mention. In 142 they provided about 80 rcent of all "agent" Informa-
On subject,
this
includ- vital map stolen from German officer commanding rchlight and
1
to
to
boen
Comilokt World
reserved. Reproduction, even partially in any language, strictly prohibited.
..(MORE TOMORROW)
ARE WE GETTING VALUE
FOR OUR £500 A YEAR?
In my tour of Army camps, T costs £1,000.to keep
one National Service- here and in Germany, I sought the answer by following boys man during his two through from their call-up at the two sectors of the Ger-years in the British Army. a.
int
rodar equip for the more northerly
in aight fighter line in Bei Even his newly boosted pay
um.
It was this map,
njunction
Our
In the train to Aldershot the
in and allowances are only a managing director of a timber with other infor-
He has to be fed business sakl to ation, which enabled fleabite.
me: "You're perts to unravel the system and accommodated, clothed wrong to talk as though the
the German air defence. By and warmed.
call-up began to affect a lad et end of the year we knew
104.
Thero must bo officers and
only how the hostile SYEN.C.Os to train and mother
.
"It hits him at 15, às as soon
For the
hworked, but how to over-him, trucks and trains to move as he leaves, school, me it.
him, and all the immense over next three years he'll settle to One detail however was still beads connected with a peace- nothing. He knows he's off to issing and not to be dis- time standing Army.
the Services in a year or twn
There is not much one can
vered for many months. Late: What is going to happen to so why should he worry?"
the year Prof, Lindemann that £500-a-year, 18-year-old." how Lord Cherwell) told me and how will he react to his do about that, but the result is at the Germans had fitted service in Mr Strachey's Army? that most young poldiers baye foir night Oghters with a new You may think the answer been in three, maybe four, jobs ind of radar set, Little was do not matter becauas conscripts before they join the Army,
own about it except that it are called up not for their own as called "Lichtenstein"
and
TO
Aircraft decoy
On
the night
་་
morrow's Regular Army,
The most damning indictinent of our present system of con- scription is the fact that tho Army is able to persuade fawer
new adventure-which
married.
as
It now costs much to train a boy for the Army as it does to send him for three away years to Oxford or Cambridge. mann BY POLENTAMENTICHO
Ichukl
ROBERT JESSEL
period to his MP, complaining that he An initial training (alx weeks for infantry, rang- is wasting his time," ig up to 30 weeks for a REME. If he goes to a bad unit, or to tele-communications mechanie) a Job. which be known could be enables the Army to work done. by a girl of 18. no amount wonders with its raw material, of extra training or fatigues to A few will be weeded out to keep him busy will keep him: attend a school where they will out of the couldn't-care-less learn to. write The Cat Sat on brigade. the Mai" in copybooks. One or The War Office will not toll. two-probably too few-will be me what proportion released from the Army on the conscripts are posted to the advice of a psychiatrist,
fighting, arms and what proj They pick up the N.AA.FI portion to unskilled jobs in the (which costs them any- Services which could be cheap. liabit thing up to half a crown a day ly entrusted to part ir whole- on tea and buns) and the ean- time civilian labour. teen habit (another two shil-It is a field of inquiry I re lings a night, spent with the
for the commend to M.P., Salvation Army, YMCA, O Army's interpretation of "fully the like in friendlier surround employed", is a loose one. ings).
1.
of our
In less than no time I could employ a dozen conscripts my- self to attend all my waking needs. To my nothing of an N.C.O. and six men to guard my office when I leave.
And again. LAME the
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+
THE HONG KONG JOCKEY CLUB
NOTICE TO MEMBERS. ELEVENTH RACE MEETING,
Monday 13th and Saturday 18th November, 1950 'The first bell will be rung'at 11.30 am, and the first mee will be run at 12.00, Noon on the ist day. On the 2nd Day the first bell will be rung at 1.30. p.m; and the first race will boʻruh at 2.00 pm. The Tiffin Interval is after the fourth race (1,30 pm) on the let Day:
There are 10 races on the 1st Day and 8 raced on the 2nd Day (18 in all).
Through Bekets for the Second Day at $18.00 each may bo obtained at the Compradors Office of the Treasurers, "lat" floor, Telephone House, albo tickets for the Cash Sweep on the last racs of the Meeting as well as the Special Cash Sweep on the “Pearen- Memorial Cup" scheduled to be run on 28th February, 1951.
To avola congestion at the Club's OMees at Telephone Hou90, Bon-members
ba are requested
purchase their sweep Hickets at the Club's Branch offices atņem va
§. D'Agullar Street, Hong Kong
.or
383, Nathan Road, Kowloon. MEMBERS' BADGES AND ENCLOSURE
Members and guests are reminded that they and their indied MUST wear their badges prominently displayed throughout the Mosting.
NO ONE WITHOUT A BADGE WILL BE ADMITTED TO THE MEMBERS' ENCLOSURE,
Badges admitting ladies, not in possession of Brooches or Season tickets and gentlemen, non-mambore of the Chum, to the Members Enclosure and Club Rooma at $10,80 per day including tax, for Indles or gentlemen, are obtainable through the Secretary on the written or personal introduction of a member, such member to be responsible for all visitors introduced by him, and ter pay- ment of all chits etc.
Badges admitting to Member Enclosure will NOT be on sale at the RACE COURSE, A
The Branch Offices and the Treasuross, Compradore Office |will close at 10 am, on the 1st Day and at 11 am on the 2nd Day. The Secretary's Offics will close at 10 am, the lực Day and at 11.45 am, on the 2nd Day. The Treasurers', Compratore Unico and the Secretary's Office aro-situated at lat floor, “Telephone House
A limited number of files will be obtainable at the Club House provided they are sudored in advance from the No. 1 ́ Boy (Tel, 27018)
NO CHILDREN WILL, BE ADMITTED TO THE CLUB'S PREMISES DURING THE MEETING, "A
PUBLIC ENCLOSURE.
In his first week in the Army'
Many adopt the conventional every man is tested and inter- rough manners and bad
lan Some boys regard their call viewed by a specialist officer, guage of the soldier in fiction.
Then comes the critical mo- as designed för; hunting our good but for the benent of the up day as the start of a great whose job it is to allocate him
the for training in a suitable trade ment in the conscript's career. Ambers.
He joins his unit.... It was imperative country.
But the truth And out more about it bo-
la thas the proper way. Others are bitterly within his corps.
good unit (I saw` the de-
civilian R is a air reactions of today's 180,000 con- resentful, especially
Unhappily, the start of our
many nsive.
scriptą in khaki will determine ferred apprentices-men- who trades have no Army equiva- several first-rate ones in Ger the quality and size of to are keen to work hard and got ient inside the corps to which many, and one outstanding one, the Army if you like men are posted by the War 63 Heavy AA Regiment, in which send boys home uncon- Office. Nor is there any Britain). he will continue to
verted after two years. But guarantee that, say, the RA prosper and develop for at least blame other factors. The two best
S.C. will be needing balters the another nine months. LMOST from Arst day it week your baker non pula on Here, he will form the most One National Serviceman in damaging, impress Ave, for example, is found to unctul, or of Dec.
stone of The Army as a Career, be filterate" * or semi-literate. Ha, an aircraft of 183 Squad than two National Servicemen is possible to peg which
RESULT: One meets tailors There will be much he, will He cannot read n was presented as a decoy. out of every 100 to soldier on in boys are going to be a.bnd
Iqt alone
~The price of admission to the Publio Enclosure is $3.00 Quot was attacked many times this ancient, honourable, and. gamble for our £1,000 invest apprentices who have been connee: The companionship, seeing orders. He may not be able to
verted into typlets: bulidera new places (possibly abad), write home to his mother. ment. an enemy night fightor today, not ill-paid profession,
the games (If he likes games), Blame the war evacuation, able at the Gate TAC MEN ATC WILL NOT DE day including tax for all persons, including ladies, aut sa pay= Public schoolboys: (accustom- labourers turned pastryedoks. dating
od to discipline and the teant Wise selection at this point the lack of responsibility, the
BOOKMAKERS. TIC:TAC" spirit) and Borstal boya (ach can) UK may take it, then, that customed to being away from the east later recruiting for frequent week-end leaves, the flip call-up of teachers but the 4 PERMITTED TO OPERATE WITHIN THE PRECINTA OF THE
Regular Ariny. One civilian cinema three times a week, a problem remaina. : | Militarily,
are such men worth a £500-2+ HONG KONG HOCKEY CLUB DURING THE BAUE MENTING. the conseript-in spite of mother) settle down fast. butcher now. Army butcher-
ing told me that he meant to His dislikes HERESTRELAC ENCLOSUR
year investment? Socially and MEALS AND REFRESHMENTS WILL BE OSTAIKANLAR IN others apart Ant But for the Aobserva 101 accuracy. The and the rest-romains unim from cadets--the unblé son as Regalar, and i prate thingdies boy dlalikes are. But is hard to furthy con
By deed why not? Atore, Arm has a most likely to be referred scriptlofi. today i aut rolesa operatori". though bad-
ad- prospedale polythe landed against the Any furious housewivelong to in letter horns: The D-numerary Injured Hires parachuted Yeti Fisk-Marshal Bir Reacións, potter had, to him there, and yet that par lands furently polite (which
Twes
could persuade those very early days are soon promotion, proposte LEGONE. bury to A with the only for men in every 100 to forgotten, and are not of mich
goldfer on, hi main recruiting importation two year problem would be solved to a Although nothing Why this costly fallưn? Why me more than 2
nsmisionestly
Lichtenstein the ・all-
fatione What NOT CAKERY T
"Starts at 15'
Iin fus zead, but continued bedside lamps, education claedes..
William Sum
Critical.
civilan dama with equally pro 15 cious equipment organies rather par differently) the Artha
"map or written
SERVANTS:PARSIS:
super
who are requested: „to-