for their ships and their homes. They required bread and cakes and other farinacious foods, nonspirituous wines, fresh vegetables and fruits, furniture of European design, as well as clothing and fool-wear different from anything seen before in China. And this promoted livelihoods for artisans and craftsmen, as well as tradesmen. For the ships the foreigners required biscuits and bread, smoked, salted and preserved meats and fish, besides fresh and pre- served fruits and vegetables and other foods, and the demand arose for supplies of such things as cordage, sails, meats, lumber, and nails, etc., also casks and other supplies of similar nature.
The Influence of all this on the life of the Chinese in the towns and coun- tryside close to Macao could not have been small, and besides the farmers, artisans, and craftsmen. there were traders and peddlers, not to speak of those who made a living engaged in the carrying of goods.
PORTUGUESE univerSALISM
It is interesting to observe, in all this great movement, how Christian fervour continued with undiminished ardour among the traders, for their support of the Missions never ceased. in spite,
moreover, of the materialism of the times, then growing So rapidly in Europe, the Christian principles which had been such a great factor in the early days of Portuguese exploration were not submerged. Money the trad- ers made, but the rich gave liberally to the Church, and also to the poor, while they recognized the need for creating those services without which no com- munity can consider sell civilized. And in this it was not only money they gave; they also counted it important to serve, for it was an honoured privilege to attain membership of the Santa Casa da Misericordia, where by service and personal effort men endeavoured to re- lieve distress and to care for the sick. They felt the duty to organise and serve In those institutions where less fortu- nate men might be helped. Charity was dispensed not only in Macao, but was extended to other places in the East as one of the finest expressions of the civilising influences introduced by the Portuguese.
Historians are beginning to recognise this and one has only to look around Macao to realize how true this is. There are foundling homes, homes for the aged poor, habitations for the needy, institu-- tions where food and clothing are pro vided for those in want, leprosariums for those afflicted with leprosy, several hospitals, and every evidence that so- cial service has been considered to be an important feature of community life for very many years.
The founder of this service was Bishop Belchior Carneiro, who arrived In Macao in 1509. He had worthy suc- cessors, and in later times the adminis- tration of the Colony has also Identified itself with this part of community service. None has done more in this connection than the present governor of Macao, Commander Albano de Oliveira, ably seconded by his charming and carnest wife, who have given personal attention to human- Itarian work in Macao. They have #dded to the sum of earlier services of this nature by promoting the building of residences for Government servants, homes being provided for a large num- ber of these. In this they have admir- ably shown the universalism of Portu- guese colonisation, which has resulted in Portugal and the Portuguese being well remembered in dozens of places in the East where Portuguese political hegemony ceased long ago.
MACAO VICĪSSITUDES Macao has not had everything its own way, and covetatis eyes have turned upon Macao on many an occasion. The most serious threat to Macao occurred early in the 17th century, when the Dutch tried to take the pláce several times:
Parlour In Dr. Sun Yat-son's home at Chol Hang, near Macao.
Barrier Gate,... mark-
Ing the entrance
China.
to
Temple of the Godders of
at Macao.
Mercy
Table built for the signing of the
1st Sino-American treaty In 1844,
Some of the hun.
dreds of habitations
bullt for the poor, at Macao.