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CHINA The GOD That failed
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When I left Russia in 1939, Alex had seen me to the trala ; lls forewell words had been: Whatever happens, hold the banner of the Soviet Union high."
He was arrested in 1937, on the. chargo (as I learned much Inter) of having hired 20 bandits to ambush Stalin and Koganovitch in their next hunting trip in the Caucasus.
Anti-climax
By Arthur Koestler
This is the slith in a series of articles by two internationally- famed writers of their journey into Communism and their even. fual return.
on
Itussin,
+
of the bureaucracy, the 'suppres-|
Aion of civil liberties.
But I professed my belief that the foundations of the Workers'
Goody
end Peasants Slate had re The new diplomacy. mained
•
that unshaken,
thej rationalisation of the means of Governor Dewey not only took production was a guarantee for a leaf out of the Russians book its eventual return to the road of when ho slanged them to their Socialism: and that, In spite of face at an oficial banquet-ho Union throw the whole book at them. everything, the Soviet
delegatos and U.N.
will
be soon still represented our last He refused to sign a confession, was kept in various prisons for Party press, accompanied by at contained hot a single word of only hope on a planet le rapid sending each other stink babs
decay,'
through the post, three years, then, after the warning not to have any truck criticism of the Party or of Ribbentrop-Molatov pact,
was with them.
The light-rope had snapped, But it contained three handed over by the GPU to the
Such cases I had heard of phrases deliberately chosen, be- but there was a safety net spread "Orson Welles....has his eyes
people Gestapo, at Brest-Litovai, to- before. I had shrugged them cause to normal
they under it. When I landed there, All news.contributions
gether with a hundred-odd other off
continued and addressed to Editor-in-Chiaf.
the were platitudes, to Communists, I found myself in a mixed com-made aquiline to simulate a fierce
Acrobats, why Mangol general," pany -veteran Business | Austrian, Germon and Hungarian | tight-rope. and
a declaration of war, Advertisments
Must have given a very eyric Communists,
The first wort No move- had lost their dialectical balance,
effect. communications should be
Swastikas dressed to the Company CHINA
ment, party or person can claim Trotskyites, critical sympathisers, now * cryptos,' of Infallibility, independent the privilege MAIL LTD.
The second was:Appeasing the statesmen, now republicans, tota- Chop 1 know in England lives enemy is as foolish us persecuting tarian liberals, and so on-who in a proper diaft village. Even the friend who pursues your were sprawling in own aim by a different road. The various contorted positions. third was quotation from We were all hellishly un- 110- suspended in Thomas Mann: A harmful truth comfortable,
mon's-land, but at least we did is better than a useful ife.
not have to regard ourselves as completely fallen angels.
in that state of I remulacd
animation until the suspended day when the swastika was hols ted on Moscow airport, in honour of Ribbentrop's arrival, and the Red Army band broke into the
CONSOLIDATION
IN WEST
Mr. Dean Acheson's drama- tle proposals to gird the Unit- ed Nations General Assembly with the powers to oppose aggression hitherto reserved to the Security Council, have necessarily dominated public attention. But this develop ment ought not to be allowed completely to overshadow the decisions reached by the West- ern Foreign Ministers in re- gard to the future of Ger-
many.
The North Atlantic Council warmly welcomed the pro- posal to create in the shortest possible time an integrated military force adequate to de- fend Europe. The Foreign Ministers of the 12 nations on the Council are now consult ing their Governments on means of creating an Interna- tional Army under unified the Meanwhile command. fictional "state of war" with Germany is to be ended, and the declaration will embrace both the Soviet-controlled Eastern Zone and Western Germany. This gives legal point to the statement of the Big Three that they share the desire of the German people for unification of Germany "on a basis which respects the fundamental liberties."
Now these two individuals had became more real to me than the cause in the name of which they Alex's wife Eva Wis
were to be sacrificed, and I took ceramist.. Sho
arrested their sido. HTTS about a year before Alex and
Party The
not did
react. was at first accused of having While I had been in jail,, they martyr for
inserted swastikas Inta the
I leave
pattern on the tea-cups which had used me as a she designed for mass produc- propaganda purposes; some time tien; then, that she had hidden must be allowed to lapse before I could be denounced as an agent two pistols under her bed which of France and the Mikado. were to serve to kill Stalin at the next Party Congress.
She spent, 10 months in the Lublanka, where the CPU tried to brief her as a repentant sinner for the Bukharin show trial.
She cut her velns, was saved, and was released shortly after- words thanks to the extraordin- of the Austrian ary exertions Consul in Moscow who happened
That settled it. When I had Anished, the non-Communist half of the audience applauded, the Communist half sat in heavy silence, most of theur with folded
The end came as a curious arms. anti-climax. Some
time during the spring of 1038, I had to give a tali on Spain to the German
A few days later I wrote my letter of resignation to the Cen- tral. Committee of the Party.
No-man's-fand
Emigre Writers' Association in Paris. Before the talk, a represen tative of the Party asked me to to be a friend of her mother's,
This is the second occasion insert a passage denouncing the I met Eva after she had been P.O.UM. as agents of France; I where the story should end; and
and expelled
a second released
from refused. He shrugged, and asked yet there was
ant Russin, in th spring of 1938 me whether I cared to show him cllmax. My letter was a farewell experiences in Russian the text of my speech and 'to to the German C.P., the Comin- Her GPU's methods of obtaining con-
I know it was my last public But it ended with a declaration fessions, provided me with port sppearance as a member of the of loyalty to the Soviet Union. I stated my opposition to the of the material for Darkness at Party. The theme of the speech
Horat Wessel Lied,
the net in
the milk is certifled,
It seems to a lot of people in the Philippines that somebody's got them on the Huks.
I'm bored by my neighbour's
movies,
I fidget and yawn through the
hours.
But I know that I'll have my
innings
On the day when they have to
view ours.
I served the Communist Party for seven years-the length of time Jacob tended Laban's sheep his daughter. to win Rochel When the time was up, the bride The Korean foreign minister's was led into his dark tent; only wife explains that when she first the next morning did he discover
ปี
that his ardours had been spent met her husband, Cupid shot an
•
prisons, and particularly of the discuss it informally; I refused. tern and the Djugashvill regime. / not on the lovely Rachel but on arrow and it just Mr. Limb..
Noon.
ugly Leah.
(To be continued)
I promised her to do what I was the situation in Spain; It system, to the cancerous growth
Alex Albert could to save Einstein had already intervened on his behalf; so I wrote a care- fully worded cable to Stalin for which I obtained the signatures of the three French Nobel Prize physicists Perrin, Langevin and Joliot-Curie.
Discussion on finance
Was
State
Attorney
The London economic America by the
war-time very same time he made some general about the principles Warfare (which which the Western world should, of Economic of which conference of the Common-influential body called the Board remarks The cable, a copy
wealth civil servants seems to must be distinguished from the in his view, follow in planning sent to
Ministry of Econornic afd for the underveloped areas. the be developing well. A six- British
werc Vyshinsky, requested that charges against Welssber, if any, year plan is being written for Warfare whose functions be made public, and that he be the South Asian countries, quite different.)
Later they have found expres- given a pubile trial.
The question of overriding alon In President Truman's although bath Langevin and interest is how much it will famous Point Four plan. But so Joliot-Curle were Soviet sym-cost. pathisers who shortly did not
It
characteristic 15
that,
It is said that India alone has set great store by the methods of
will in- Soviet justice-for, though they submitted plans wirich
for, although America has neeep-
had never heard of Alex before, volve an expenditure of £1,380 By "Windrush,”
and knew me only slightly, they million. Of this it estimates that
at once took it for granted that at least £000 milion will have to he was innocent.
Blind eye
•
The moral of this story is that Jollot-Curie, Blackett, and the rest of our nuclear Marxists can- not claim starry-eyed ignorance
Russia,
come from outside Indin.
Beyond these figures there is as yet no indication of the total cost of the six-year plan. In any case it will cost not less that £1,000 milion.
Special correspondent
Only aften getting Into the plane did the pilot find that part of the cargo was a caged tiger.
He had the freight of his life.
•
What's the USAF strategic bombing? Ask the lads in Korca.
You've got to hand it to the British. Propaganda geniuses, that's what we are,
Take the latest brilliant move. Having invented the jet engine, we now allow America to make the first Atlantic crossing attempt.
With
"Just
A
new wedding.
starting an entirely fresh "Life."
Can't be imported "I've broken my glasses," said the comely matron "Do I have "Development cannot be im- to be examined all over again?
"No," said the doctor. ported from abroad," he said, "It can only be wan internally by your eyes," responsibility and sacrifice. Na- tions in need of economic develop Madeleine Carroll is apparently ment must reject political pres- sures for monumental show pieces and the pressure of vested in-
"I like your face," a girl told terests for enhancement of their
"It's the open position. There must be appro- me last night,
other sort. You know what I mean- priate tax systems and It also makes it clear to the
policies not only to avoid the dis- nothing in it" Germans in the Eastern Zone
tortions that come from inflation avallable a that responsibility for the
Probably the coat wilted the idea of giving generous but also, to make continued division of the
ald, and though other parts of the greater share of domestic wealth
world have benefited for development P It is a dangerous
to be country les plainly with the
be nearer £2,000 million,
Where is this very large sum to of the of the goings-on
greatly, South Asia has not been
Beve that the atandard of living The Soviet Government./
They know in detail the case come from?
That it must somehow be raised a beneficiary.
The failure of South Asia to of the masses can be raised with- decision to hold "elections" history of at least these two of
their colleagues, both loyal ser-goes without saying. The Com- in the Soviet zone next vants of the Soviet Union, arres-monwealth economie plan is the share in America's post-war pro- out some alternation of those eco- few people to enjoy month with all the para- ted on grotesque charges, held for one constructive action in Asia on gramme of economic aid was due nomic structures which permit a
associated with years without trial, and dell- the non-Communist side which to the rather pecullar calculation relatively phernalia
holds out a hope of preventing which America made about post-most of the nation's income."
This is wise advice. But the One war developments in Asia Arly Western countries, in offering ad- such occasions in Communist vered to the Gestapo.
They further know that these disaster in the continent.
programme is body who was in America during countries-shows the intention
cases are not exceptional; rell- trouble about the
Becond-hand reports
of that it has been too long delayed. the war years will recall that the vice must avoid the appearance of of the Soviet to prolong the able, division. The warning has similar cases in Russian academie In the immediate post-war days, axiom in the American mind at attaching strings to financial aid. circles are available to them. all, the attention of the Western that time was that China was the Countries like India and Pakistan been given that the Western
Kuomin are very suspielous of loans sub- And the same is true of all countries was upon the economic rising power in Asia. Powers will regard any attack Communist or fellow travelling resuscitation of Europe. Now it tang China was to be the centre ect to conditions which scern to invade their sovereignty. Rather of order, stability, and growing inv
than submit to anything which on the German Federal Reauthors, Journalists and intellec-is Asia's turn,
Great Britain, which has al- prosperity in the Asian continent. tuals.
limits their freedom of action, time when I ready invested since the end of it was the chosen public or Berlin as an attack
the About learned of Alex's arrest, a com- the war about £750 million in which America would concentrate they would prefer to forego finan
cial ald, however desperately they upon themselves.
These are in effect broughtrade escaped to Paris from Ger- South Asia, will continue to make its effort.
would benefit need it. But clearly these coun tries will be better placed in tion. But the strain is heavy: indirectly, as prosperity radiated negotiation with America -- or into the Atlantic Community many where he had served a the maximum possible contribu- term of five years' hard labour.
Before by this declaration. While a
his arrest, he had re-created German Army is worked for a certain branch of ruled out, and German par- the Apparat whose leaders had
The great source of new capital ticipation in an integrated meanwhile been liquidated as
uples.
In the modern world is America. European force is being
Is there reason to hope for Ame- studied, Western Germany
rican backing for the Common- is What part wealth scheme? will be allowed to create
Unfortunately for America, mobile police formations, such
America playing at present in the financing of South Asia? Some as now exist in Eastern Ger-
surprising figures are published Kuomintang China became very in the recent annual economic quickly a political casualty. The many. Moreover, the Occupa tion Statute is to be amend-
survey of the United Nations whole of American political and Economie Commission for Asia economic policy in Asia ed to give greater German full sovereignty and unity lies and the Far East. This shows thereby laid in ruins. The conse- responsibility for foreign re- in co-operation with the West- that, in the period from the end quence is the deplorable situation lations, for economic control, ern Powers. Full sovereignty of the war until December, 1949, today. On the one hand, Ameri❤ American investment in Asia was ca is in apparently hopeless an- and in a legislative capacity. cannot be restored to Ger- less than a quarter of what it was tagonism with the new Commu- nist China. On the other, it is Prohibitions and limitations many while it remains divid-in Europe in the same period.
Grants and credits to Western stil neglecting the South Asian are ed and an object of dissension
many people region, in which Europe $18,628 million
Grants and credits to Asia think that it would have done more wisely to concentrate its in. countries $4,441 million.
The most significant fact about terest in the first place.
There are signs that America American ald to Asia is not the
on
German industry
n
So, without being given
chance of hearing, without a defending himself, my friend and were denounced FLS his wife agents of the Gestapo and their photographs were printed in the
confidence that their way to
Source of capital
Other countries
country on
outwards from China. These con- ceptions are reflected very clear- or the World Bank if the nego
tiations are carried on by the ly in the post-war financial policy Commonwealth as
whole. shown in the of America as
this, as in other ways, the Com- Ogures quoted above.
monwealth continues to prove it- self a usoful organisation to the new Asian Dominions,
Political casualty
was
emergency
which is to be held later this
become
to be reviewed; restrictions on between the Kremlin and the shipbuilding are to be relaxed Western Powers. But it. Is for export; and limitation on the obvious intention of the steel output removed for latter to achieve the purposes Western defence orders, Fur- of their policy and occupation total size of the.ald, but its curl-may now reconcile its policy. aus geographical allocation. The During this year it has already ther economic ald is to be through negotiated agret ECAFE report gives the following made a number of
South grants to the countries of given to Berlin, and Allied ments with the German Gov- table:
Το China $1,785 million, Japan East Asia. It is now showing a interest in the present military-strength is to be in-ernment rather than by mill-
million, South Korea 1300 great!
Commonwealth conferences · in creased.
tary decree.
Philippines: $568 million,
London: It may send an official There is nothing especially The differences among the rest of Asia $53 million.
red a slight abserver to be present at the new in these points. They Western Powers and espe- These figures may need a been the subject of intensive cially between, American and correction since the old given to ministerial conference in London
pendent public discussion for some French ideas-about the re- Indonesia before it became inde-
to the tutelary power, Hol-decisions upon the six-year plan.
'It America⠀⠀ should time, and they form the basis arming of Germany centre gent is reckoned in the aid month in order to take executive which Western Germany re-chiefly on time and conditions land, and le thus Included pe keenly interested, then the six- garded as indispensable for rather than upon principle. Ogure of the aid given to Europe. her, willing co-operation in French doubts are natural and But the funds actually spent in year plan can obviously be drait- Indonesia, were well under $100 ed much more ambitiously than So this correction does would otherwise be possible. And Western Europe. They are inevitable. A German con-million.
Its political results can be of cor- respondingly greater magnitude. consistent with the Potsdam tingent in an International not alter the general picture...
Besides, the American Govern Declaration governing Ger- Army is the thin end of the Practically nothing ment, the World Bank has many and Japan alike which wedge. At the same time it
been showing an interest in the From these ngures it is clear London discussions envisaged the task of bringing sharpens French awareness of the German people to "take their own responsibilities. But that South Asia has so far recely-pecially welcome. Since the end their place among the free and how can one measure, time in ed practically nothing in grants of the war, the World Bank has peaceful peoples of the world." the West, when at any mo- and credits from America. This been one of the greatest dis-
appointments. It has spite of the fact that ever
played only The main physical burden of ment the blow may fall? since the war onded, an induon-n shadow of the part wh
ts in
which was the security of the free world Perhaps discussions between tial school in America, has been expected. As a commercial bank remains on the shoulders of the three Western Powers preaching the idea that American it has to be cautious, but is ex- economic Interests Imperatively treme caution has recently been the Western Powers, and the and the Gorman authorities demanded the raising of the stand heavily celticised. It may now be re-equipment, and reinforce on basto details of German dard of living in the economically preparing to change its attitude. mont of thelt forces will have participation in a unified backward parts of the these dent of the World Bank, has of world** Mr. Eugene Black, the Prest- proper precedence force may help to remove parte became dynatole, America's tered to come to London to dis-i
Meanwhile, the Gorman pop-thrud dotalita, for Bonn must ple are given an increased be made, to realise that are own economy could not over the cuss the Commonwealth scheme, long run kemain dynamic. These and, if desired, to send members Viidesa, were fist propagated in of his planning
At the sense of security, and renewed guards are essential
Unless the coonómia
also
This
is ex-
1
Dewar's
**Is there ROBODY in the hall who cari mend 'a. fusa?
"White Label
Och The SOUND of it!
bude igenter
CH WHISK
A. S. WATSON & CO., LTD.
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