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THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, JUNE 15, 1950. M
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES Good Morning
OF DEMOCRACY
By Francis Williams
agreed with him on this latter point). What it means in practicat] political terms, he points out, 19 that in the divlalen of power and
Since Democracy is a living and growing philosophy and not simply a static form of
Understandably moved by the government-there are, for This mny seem strange and character. has to take account of happiness at which democracy shooting affray, most of the instance, great differences inĮ even repulsive to an advocate of public opinion. Indeed, the more alma "each must count for one hundred tea-time customers at 24354 The forms of Government in be understood by
"Communist democracy". It will totalitarian a government is the and no one for more than one the Gripps Red without paying
anyone who more it is likely to devote itself because that is the only working; their bill. 32812 Britain, the United States and appreciates the principles of true to
the deliberate forming of method.
It looked to the management as France, to give only three democracy,
public opinion in order that li
If the afternoon had been Boll Mr. Ivor Brown and. Pro- muy then claim to be democratie
les-total loss.
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MAO'S TALK IN PEKING
It is n mistake, and one which was made somewhat frequently after World War I, when politlent democracy appeared to be in full food, to imagine that systems of
Safeguarded from injustice
D
#
administration can be translated only by a system of government Rever they must, an both scribed by the law, that if arrest says the Europena steel post is a
whole and entire from one nation to another. They must, like a good suit of clothes, made to fit the wearer,
The Labour Party in Britain
good idea, but. Ironically they refuse to take the plunge.
•
Dirty trick.
"Defendant said ho ald not wash to embarrass the authorities further."
have
Now in Spain they claim to flying cats. This may
examples, yet all are demo- texsor Joad agreo that the demo- because created public opinion cratic-It is important from cratic idea draws and must con- acquiesces in its policles. But time to time to renew our tinue to draw its primary Inspira- the true criterion of a democracy
The RAF says flying saucers are only air whirlposl examination of the principles tion from the bellet in the im- is not that it takes into account Finally, both authors rightly- So nil that ponic was nothing on which the democratic portance of the Individual. In othe opinions of the governed, emphasise that one of the basic but atmos fear,
list of the principles of demo-whidifull forms of adihinistration principles of democracy is that All news contributions to be philosophy is founded.
cracy, Joad puts it ne Principle must to some extent do, but that the body that makes the laws, the "Now three years later I have number one expressed in these the governed pass from acquies- legislature, should be separate a daring baby boy one year old." words:
That the tirxdividual i cence to volition, and determine from the body that administers
If he gets too adventurous, try the Judiciary-that, an end in himself and that the for themselves what in a non- them,
in anchoring him to the living room and only democratic system others deter- other words, judges and magis- soin.
nine for them. They must them-trates should means to his well being."
be State is a means
non-political, But how can this be achieved? selves control the instruments of that no man should be subject to
arrest save for an offence pre in which the governed that in To do so the people have an active and these writers rightly emphasise, ed he should not be held in prisor continuing purt.
have absolute freedom to think, without trial and that when tried | write what they he should be judged by an in- It is, says Jond, only the wearer say, read and who knows where the shoc
Govern-dependent tribunal, not by a blac- please, to criticise the
the day and to formed party or political court, pinches and individual citizens ment of
nust, therefore, through thele political parties which are In a world which has seen the
Op choren
representatives decida posed it and openly offer power of the secret police and the what laws should be made and themselves as alternatives to it. political trial developed to end the community should Politicot power to the people tremes which would have seemed
Dealing with
"The Meaning this point, means division of power among impossible when win cardinal points in the de- that in prder to be genuine demo-ed, no principle of democracy furry plane to me. which is course
one of the the people. This in turn requires of Democracy was first publish- em sirange to you, but it is all mocratic conception. Mr. Ivor ersey must be based on the needs more firmly re-staling than Brown draws nu important, and doctring of equality. But what, this.
Myrtle says the average girl at the present time extremely in
this political terms, does topical, distinction between gov doctrine mean?
The word "democracy" means would rather have beauty than that power should rest with the braian, because the average man ernment according to públic opinion and government by the It does not, of course, mean that people have the political power te
Mr. Ivor Brown answers that people. It can only do co If the can see better than he can think. people.
This correspondent in Berlin is everyone is alike, or even that control the government, and de everyone is born with a certain replace it if it does not carry out said to have been a good Reuter,. Role of public opinion number of natural, inalienable the will of the majority, and if but he must have had defects to
ights (although the frumers of all men know that the adminis- defeet like that. All government, as Mr. Ivor that grent démocratie document, tration of the law will sulcguard
American Declaration of them from Brown points out, even that of the
injustice, however autoerotic and tutalitarian Independence, would not haver powerful Its Instruments may be. they tell me there's a new high- stoel har in Nathan Road with a prominent notice inside: "Do not alight from your seat while tho room is in motion."
Chairman Mao Tse-tung has re-asserted his command of the Communist Party and therefore of
that
an
be
to
Behind the Iron Curtain--No. 2:
THE WORKER'S PAY
*
Haven't seen it yet myself, but
Although she in under 5 It in height, a Canadian concert artiste plays a ft. 9 in. harp.
To do this requires pluck of a very high order.
But the principles which inform democratic administrations as op- posed to undemocratic ones are capable of translation. They have not a national, but an internation- the People'sal truth and not o temporary but Government in Peking. That to be constantly discussed in the permanent validity. They need is the main point of his talk light of our times and given the to members of the Central widest currency. Committee of the Party.
This is not only because they Next in importance is the art at present under grave chal- clear indication
the lenge, but also because it is only issues are limited to pace and by constantly refreshing ourselves at the fountain of principle that method, not matters principle. The North-East of administrative and political we can ensure that the adaptation remains the ideal, but con- method, which new conditions ditions in China Proper are constantly require, do not bring not yet ripe for planned with them any sacrifice of essential principle. Two books just re- economy. In the old liberal-cently published in Britain ad- ed areas, and especially in mirably serve this purpose. North-East, he said, agrarian
One of them "The Menning of reform has been completed, Democracy" by Ivor Brown, is, in social order established, fact, a revision of a book original-. economic construction is on ly p published shortly after World!
War I and thus in a special and the right track, standards of a
individual sense desigfied to serve living are improving, the that purpose of re-examination of problem of the unemployed basle principles in the light of
This is the second article in a make contributions which would, of a factory after a secret de workers and intellectuals has new circumstances to which
"The teries describing life in one of startle his counterpart in Britain, nunciation,
Apart from national health sub-everywhere, its been solved, and planned have referred. The other economy has begun. In the Principles of Parliamentary De Russia's puppet states.
mocracy" by
scriptions and welfare dues which group lenders Professor L.E.M.
and. deducted
there body How do working conditions are
at source areas taken over a year or so Joad Is a new book written in the ago, some 400,000 bandits stillight of the criticisms of political in one of Russia's puppet are also party fund subscriptions, trades unions counelis do the
trade union deinocracy made by the défenders)
"Na- same. dues and make trouble, the land proof the so-called
states compare with those tional
instalments. Plan Loan" "Peoples De-) blem has not been solved, in-mocracies" of Eastern Europe.
outside the Iron Curtain? He is also expected to buy his dustry and commerce have
Not very well, I can assure Party and union newspaper.
On various visits I've been not yet been "properly ad-
you. Discipline is much more And it, from time to time, he
driven to several fine old ruins justed, the phenomenon of
rigid for one thing and con- Is asked to
On receipt of a denunciation in China, but I missed that one. ditions not half so good for fighting fund for Girdek partisans the security police start to make unemployment is still serious,
or a present for Comrade Stalin's
"Indo-China exports and social order has not yet Mr. Ivor Brown,
that their inquiries first of all through i
, now a former another.
birthday, it is just as well been stablised. Therefore editor, of "The Observer"
the Party organisation and then mere dribble."
If through their own Informers,
The French would like to get My friends in Hungary know he should comply. planned economy (meaning Sunday newspaper, is & Liberal
In polilies. Professor Joad is only too well that cash is short,
The basle planning system they can't and sufficient evidence hold of the spirit of terrorism and..
they "Invite" the denounced per-soccer hard, along full Socialist lines) Secialist and a member of the yet they are constantly being adopted by the puppet states pro-
There must wait.
Labour Party. Yet although they told that their real
supposes a shortage of consumer son to their heaquarters.
questioned on all sorts of differ in
03 to detall
the best higher than in 1938. method and rightful
capital for Investment. scope of cannot quite understand because goods because there is no private he is
It is, topics so that he can have little Government administration they they know that they can't buy as essential to keep wages at the idea as to what they want to get will be found to be in complete much now as they did then. level at which they will be al-out of him. agreement as to the principlea
purchase
The ordinary police certainly most exhausted in the which democratic governmen"
of basic necessitles,
employ crude physical violence, hour. ple, is 25. 11d. per If by a
Earnings based on this theory whereas A.V.O. are said to pre- fer the more scientific methods therefore takes him just over do not provide much one
such as the use of a catheter and so the ambitious worker may three minutes of work to buy a box of matches at twopence. Tu elect to work harder or faster Hungary a box of matches wil
than is allowed for in his plece cost the skilled electriciansix rate. minutes work.
Agreement on principles
n
Stability of currency and prices and "approaching" method budgetary balance represent ed a turn for the better but not yet a fundamental turn.must be kukled. So, one my add, For this three conditions were would a required:
(1) Completion of
reform. (2) The proper-re-adjustment.
of existing industry and
commerce.
Conservative
happy colnejdenec
had agrarian published a book on the subject
at the same time as these two.
(3) Large-scale economies in remains stabilisation can only expenditure by Govern- be achieved on the poverty ment organisations.
line. Yet rapid demobilisa- This is merely a reiteration tion might well cause severe of the conditions Mr. Mao repercussions among the mili- laid down in his speech to tary at a time when the the Government Council two economic situation is worse months ago after Mr. Chen than it was even during the Yun had made his report on Japanese occupation. The the food and economic pro- dilemma is acute, but surely blems. There is one dif- Manchuria could absorb a vast ference, however, On that number of men, as in fact it occasion he specifically men- did during the great spon- tioned the need also of ("big taneous. "and unorganised reductions") in Army expen-migration from North China diture as well. On this most to Manchuria two decades important of all issues from ago.
wages are This they
The average rate for a skilled electriclan in Britain, for exam
unfortunate
It
contribute to the
Incentive
The Party, too, 15.
organisers ond waching every- The everything.
Above them all is the security police the A.V,O,--which ope-p rates both openly and through an army of its own informers,
ย
an electric current,
The chief.method of extracting Information, however, is endless Interrogation in a suitable at mosphere.
In
fet of
Nobody is exempt from de- nunciation, but since few people
and
The British electrician, has to For this reason numbers count to more than quality, so quality can work 1,020 minutes in order
his wife a pair of shoes slip. There is some danger buy costing £2. 10s, It would take this, because if it slips too
A and the worker falls foul the Hungarian 2,700 minutes. gent's suit at £7 would cost the somebody, he may be accused of Briton 2,800 minutes' work, while sabotage. If he doesn't, would have to slog on for 10,800 can the
Hungarian likes to "knock his pan out," he earn more by driving his minutes before he could get the machine more than the speed it same suit.
was built for and turning out a buy a pound of butter in Britain,
Thirty-one minutes' work will poor job. but it takes 198 minutes in Hun- cary; when it comes buttor
to things reduce themselves farce, the ratio being 31 to 2,700!
Contributions
Economic sabotage
other to denounce their equals and practically no one his sub- ordinates, the people with most fear are those who have been chosen to All leading positions,
Thus the lorry driver fears, his mate, the foreman tears bts squad, the works engineer fears his foreman, and the comrade
managing director fears to one.
failure In a puppet state reach an Industrial target is "economic sabotage," but there are many guards against that. There is the National Supervision Over and above that the Hun- and Control Board which
on the manager
the viewpoint of balancing The lease of life conceded to garian worker is called upon tolcends perhaps the State finances, he adopts private enterprise in industry
The two bears
des.
per-
a milder tone. The People's has its counterpart in the Liberation Army, while "re- reprieve granted to the kulaki taining its main forces," (the rich peasants). Taxation should demobilise part of its is to be less repressive "as troops in 1950, The de- far as it is proper." Blindness He had accepted Ursa Minor, or portment and other matters
Until recently the British pub-Ivy's lessons in swimming, de- mobilisation must be carried and anarchy in the economic Little Bear, as a group of stars ursine education, but she out carefully, said Mr. Mao, field must be exterminated visible on any Ano night. But forms in her own good time. On so that the demobilised Army "step by step." There must now. Urza Minor has been the afternoon when the BBC tele- men can settle down in pro be greater co-operation be eclipsed by another Little Bear, vision cameras were at the Zoo, ductive work when they re- tween public and private in- London Zoo.
a star who shines by day at the Brumas and Ivy lay basking
The new star is turn home. Retrenchment is terests and capital and labour] Brumas, the only polar bear cubleepily in the sun. The camera- gman sat on the platform over- necessary in administrative under the leadership of the Britain, Since she made her first patiently for them to stir.
to bo reared in captivity in hafing their pen, wafting The organs and superfluous per- State
organs. The Party public appearance in January she two bears, oblivious of the enor sonnel should also be dealt workers must not be so ex- has become the darling of the mous crowds surging round their with in such a manner that clusive but must consult the London crowds and front page enclosure and the hundreds they have the opportunity of local conferences of all circles Britain, 90 per cent of whose Brumas!" in a vain, attempt to news in every newspaper of children, calling "Erumsal obtaining work and study. in their work and not sup-readers avidly sonk new Brumos stir the little family into activi
The millions in the Army press them if they venture pictures cach day. The rather ty, slept on. Then Brumas, cannot grumble about this, to speak out of turn. The grubby little bear, the whiteness apparently realising that the tele- but the people who have to sting was in the tail, wherein of her thick coat dimmed by the vision zero hour of three o'clock London soot, would seem almost was at hand, decided that It was pay to maintain so huge and Mr. Mao referred to the need brown in the Arctic wastes which time to be up and doing. She unwieldy a burden, and of improvements and reforms are the polar bear's
natural gave Ivy
she rose rather others genuinely anxious for among the officials. These mental eye this young and quite and baby lumbered round their habitat, but to the public's senti- unsteadily to her feet and mother real stability, will derive no should "overcome mistakes in unpredictable little creature is in pen as gracefully as they could. great comfort from it. With work, conquer sentiments of snow-white, lovable bundle, full Brumas found an apple, bit it and in a year of the greatest pride and complacency in of endearing tricks and with a spat out the core, tested the water mobilisations in their his thinking oneself a hero, over very distinct personality.
of the pool, and deelded that "the tories, Britain and the Unit- come bureaucracy and au- Brumas has already appeared frisked about happily and then temperatura » was; hot = "sultable,' ed States had transferred thoritarianism, and strengthen on the newsreels, where she far followed ber mother to the upper many millions of men from the links between the party eclipses human llim stare in terrace, where Ivy indifully the armed services to pro and the people The rebuke become a star of BBC television thrown to her by the keeper.
popularity, and now
she has caught the hunks, of raw ment ductive labour. Admittedly is mild indermere "tut- sue is on chantier but capri- The crowd routed its apprecia Gur problem was easier than tut" in relation to the blind-eious little bear who like motion, the cameras turned and on in China's case: all these men ness, anarchy, and worse, ex- many stars, has quickly become thousands, television and more had jobs to go to... perlenced in the past fowlving her public liberal doses vicwors
publicity (conscious. She belleves Brumas » and But the fact remains that months by the milliona suho of the Nirenistike clowninde nagy-BriteqrULATI
inenbus · have gutered, from them, maken, generowanius
nip
every-
Whiteness
NO
Poetree,
What splendid words.. "I'll never Ecc
A poem lovely as a tree." They thrill, me, and I shake all
over!
By the way, my name is Raver.
"Reds
China driving economic ruins.
BUS STOP
"Ask yourself, old man, isn't thero something viry fisky going on? Points rationing andad, patrol freed and the Air Ministry absolutely, right about the weather for two:
consecutive days.”
Sweetness
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