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BETWEEN TWO FIRES
THE CHINA MAIL, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 9, 1960.
WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS, THE THIRD BOOK
[Mr. Churchill left London for his accond mecting with Mr. Rodkevelt
On December 1941. He travelled in HMS Duke of York, together with Lord Beaverbrook, Fleid. Marshal Sir John Dill (the former Chief of the Imperial General Stag), Admiral. Pound (First Sea Lord), and Air Mar- shal Portal (Chief of the Air Stag).]
It was hoped to make the passage at an average of, 20 knots, in seven days, having regard to zigzags and detours to avold the plotted U-boats. The Admiralty turned us down the the Bay of Irish Charvel into Biscay The weather
was dis There was a agreeable.
Heavy gale and a rough sen. The alty was covered with patchy clouds, out-and- We had to cross the home U-boat, stream
from the Western French ports to their Atlantic hunting grounds,
We passed within 400 miles of Brest, and I could not help re- membaring how the Prince of Wales and the Repulse had been
The Hong Kong Govern- ment, which was good enough to provide refuge for more than seventy aircraft whose ownership is in dispute at the overcrowded Kai Tak airport, now finds itself caught be tween two fires. American
There were so many of them. interests have in various ways about
that out captain พ่อ sought to set aside the Courtsordered by the Admiralty not to and get executive action in leave our flotilla behind us; but their favour. The extraor- the flotilla could not make more dinary agency despatch from than six knots in the heavy sens, and we paddled along at this pace Washington about a "com-round the South of Ireland for promise" solution is all of a 48 hours.
Major-General piece with Donovan's intervention in the matter through the medium of a news conference.
It has evoked from the au-destroyed by shore-based torpedo thorities here a reminder that it is not the practice of British Courts to effect compromises disputes before them, though contending parties al- ways have the right to reach a compromise by private treaty a right that is in fact often exercised by would-be litigants. The Solomon's judg- ment suggested in the despatch is not without its humorous aspect, but the issue is one of law and not of simple horse trading, and will have to be determined by due legal
in
processes,
aircraft attack the week before.
The clouds had prevented all but an occasional plane of our air escort from joining us, but when went on the bridge. I saw a lot of unwelcome blue sky appear- However, nothing Ing.
hap- paned, so all was well, The great ship with her attendant destroyers plodded on, became impatient with Her slow speed.
But wo
Or the second night.
We
Lord Beaver-
approached the U-boat stream. Admiral Pound, who took the decision, sold that we were more likely to ram a U-boat
than to be torpedoed by one ourselves. was pitch-black, Sa The night. we cast off our destroyers and the best ran through alone at Into the merits of the dis-speed possible in the continuing We were - bat- pute we cannot, of course, rough weather. enter. A number of decisions tened down and grent sens beat
upon the decks. have already been handed brook complained that he might down from the Court, but it as well have travelled in a sub- is understood that an appeal marine. is pending, and therefore the
Our very large deciphering merits of the case are still staff could of course receiva by sub judice. Until the matter wireless a great deal of business. is finally settled, the local Toa-Hmited extent-wo could reply. When fresh escorts foined authorities, do remain "fully us, from, the Azores, they could and directly responsible" for take in by daylight Morse signals the safety of the assets. It from us in code, and then, drop-
a hundred.
miles or is a difficult and ungrateful plng off a
could, transmit them without re- task in view of the surround-vealing our position. Still, there ing circumstances-how dif- was a sense of radio claustropho- ficult has been exposed by the bla and we were in the midst of recent acts of sabotage which world war. damaged several of the air-
craft.
It is, on the other hard, nonsense to allege-as Mr. Chou En-lai has done in his broadcast statement-that the
*
Moscow mission
All our problems travelled with Hong Kong authorities had us, and my thoughts were with never. seriously taken the Foreign Secretary, also at sen measures to protect the and hastening in the opposite
direction
[to Moscow).
The planes. Even more untenable most urgent question was cur is the charge of impeding the policy about asking the Soviet planes from taking off for Government to declaró war on China, for until the legal pro- Japan. I had already sent Mr.
Eden the following telegram: ceedings are over the respon sibility of the authorities holding custody of the planes remains,
Its discharge is complicated by intrigue, and by the failure in some cases of the methods of Communist indoctrination. A slight reproach about lack of thoroughness in that matter would, however, cause un- necessary hurt to the feelings of the conscientious Indoctri- nation officials, who do no doubt take a very serious view indeed of their own grave responsibilities
12 December, 41. Before you left you asked for views, of Chiots of Stam on the question whether it would be to our advantage for Russia to declare war on Japan. Chiefs of Staff consider views aro as, follows:
Russian declaration of war on Japan would be greatly to our, advantage, provided, but only provided, that tho Rusins are confident that it wohld
not impair their
official Chinese explanation of the seizure and protracted detention of the British ship
A more practical solution has, however, been reached. "Caducetia" She has been in As a result of hurried con- ferences, decisions were taken
the hangs of the Nationalist Navy in Taiwan for many in regard to the reinforcement freeka, and her three British of the guards. In addition, officers are still held, fr more it is stated, the Chinese air or less open arrest of Tafpélt. lines have received permission The only statement put out so to post their”, ówn watchmen far by the authorities is that around the aircraft. It is the ship had passed of was becoming an expensive about to pass to Communist business altogether, but per- ownership, and, alternatively, haps some day the aircraft that the thip had beeð Þough will justify all the attentions with Communiat:-funda; « bestowed upon them, and | suall the sgomu actually fly again. passedly into
Meanwhile, since ships are
just as important ar sealing, wax or bireraft in the còmo
There
bowinter
THE GRAND ALLIANCE
Problems as fellow travellers
Western front either now or next spring..
As a postscript to him after his 'arrival in Moscow I added:
In view of evident strong wist of United States, China, that and I expect Australia, Russia should come in against Japan, you should not do any- thing to discourage a favour- able movement If Stalin feels ** strong enough, to do so. We should not put undue pressure upon him, considering how little we have been, able to con- tribute,
►
During our voyage I received from Mr. Eden, soon at Moscow, a series of messages/setting forth the Soviet ideas or other matters with which he had been confron- ted on arrival. The substance of these mussages is summarised in his own words in the full des- patch, dated Juniiary 5, 1942, which he wrote on this return:
Af my first, conversation with M. Stalin, and M. Molotov on December 10 M. Stalin sot out in some detail what he con- sidered should be the post-war territorial frontiere in Europeė, and in particular his ideas re- garding the treatment of Ger-
He many.
proposed the res toration of Austria as an in- dependent State, the detach- ment of the Rhineland Prussia 16 on independent State of
-ind protectorate, possibly the constitution of an independent State of Bavaria. He also proposed that East Prussia should be transferred to Poland and the Sudetenland returned to Czechoslovakia.
from
He suggested that Yugoslavia should be restored, and even receive certain additional ter- ritories from Italy, that Albania should be reconstituted as ún independent state, and that Turkey hot possible ad- receive the Dodecanese, wit
with justments in favour.., of Greece os regards islands in the Greece. Ægerin important to Turkey might also receive cer-
tein districts in Bulgaria, and possibly also in Northern Syriü.
By Winston Churchill
Union.
porated in the Soviet
There were many other condi- tions about Russian Imperial ex- pansion, coupled with Berce appeals for unlimited supplies and impossible military netlon, soon as I read the telegrams I reacted violently ogainat the absorption of the Baltic States. Prime Minister to Lord Privy
Seal,
20 December, 41.
As
this by netting forth my thought in typescript by dictation.
In order to prepare myself for the American discussions and to meeting the President and for make sure that I carried with me the two Chiefs of Staff, Pound and Portal, and General Dill, and, that the facts could be checked in good time by General Hollis and the Secretariat. I produced three papers on the future course. of the war, as 1 conceived it should be steerei.
Each paper. took four or five hours, spread over two or three days. As I had the whole picture in my mind it all come forth casily, but very slukly. In fact, it could have been writton out two or three times in longhand in the same period.
Stalin's demands about Fin- land, Baltic States, and Rum- onia are directly contrary to the first, second, and third articles of the Atlantic Charter, to which Stalin has subscribed. As each document. was com There can be no question what-
pleted after being checked. I sent it to my professional. colleagues ever
of our
making such an
as an expression of my..personal agreement, secret or public,
10 convictions, They direct or implied, without prior
vero at the same time preparing papers of agreement with the US.
The tine has not yet come to settle frontier questions, which con only be resolved at the Pence Conference when we have won
the war.
The mere desire to have an agreement which cbn be published should never lead us into making wrongful promises, Foreign Secretary has acquitted himself admirably, and should not be downhearted if he has to leave Moscow without any flourish of trumpets. The Russiang have got to go on fighting for their lives anyway, and are dependent upon us for very large supplies, which we have most painfully gathered, and which we shall faithfully deliver.
I hope the Cabinet will agree to communicate the above to the Foreign Secretary. He will no doubt act with the necessary
but tact and discretion,
he should know decisively where we stand.
The Cabinti shared my view, and telegraphed, accordingly, Mr. Eden I replied as follows: Prime Minister (at sca) to For-
cipn Secretary (at Moscow)
ዕክ
moje
their own for the combined. Stoff conferences. I was glad to find
my thente that although more general, and theirs
was techilent there was our usual Harmany
principles and values. No differences were ex- pressed which led to
ergument, and very few of the facts re- quired correction. Thus, though holdy was committed in a pre- cise or rigid fashion, we pil arrived, with a body of doctrine of B constructive character, on which we were broadly united.
fr
Reasons
the
Long to rain over us.
The Hong Kong Observatory to handicapped in its predictions by lack of co-operation from New :China.
The question is weather or not we should retaliate by sending them our typhoons.
•
"Total" moon eclipse seen. In Hồng Kong"
"Eclipse of moon, not visibl here.”
The copillet ovet recognition p appareatly being taken to the highest levels,
Freach
in
actress
alleged kidnap found after three days, still in a negligee,
Just when hope of tracing her was becoming scantie,
Tariffe.
Trade is two-way street, says Acheson,"
With traffic copa block.
DVĚTY
ot
:
Mr. Attico, is said to be,, well aware of the increasing shortage of Labour in Britain.
"Canton Reds, remove bond pressure on foreign firms.".
It is it, trực However, that, released from their bondage, the talpark were seen dancing the Yangko In Skameen.
"No truck with the witch hunters, says Truman."
It is understood the President added: "I won't be railroaded either."
*
Stalid. aald to be suffering from a heart attack,,
This at least disproved tho theory that hé has no heart.
A $40-a-month once by lett to look after $100,000 of his "Arm's money absconded with the cash and was later gadled,
No charge, of course, was mudo
The first paper assembled the reasons why our main objective. for the campaign of..1942 in the European theatre should be, the occupation of the whole coastline of Africa and, of the Levant against the Arm from Dakar to the Turkish frontier by British and American forces, | Jonah of Arc. The second dealt with the mea Tho French ánáðuncò sures, which should be taken to burning defeat" of dissident forces regain the command of in Indo-China. Pacife, and specified May, 1942, as the month when this could be achieved. It dwelt particularly upon the need to multiply air craft-carriers by improvising them in large numbers. The third declared es the ultimate objective the liberation of Europe by the landing of large Anglo- American armies wherever was thought best in the
German conquered territory, and fixed the year 1043 as the date for this supreme stroke.
In general the occupled countries, including Czechoslo vakia and Greece, should be restored to theft pre-war
20 December, 41. frontiers, and M. Stafla was
Naturally you will not be rough with... Stalin, prepared to support any special
We are bound to United States not to securing arrangements
&c.,
enter into secret and special the United Bingdom in Western European
pacts. To approach President Roosevelt with these proposals countries-c.g., France, Bel- glum, the Netherlands, Norway would be to, court. # blank re- and Denmark.
fusal, and might cause lasting trouble on both sides.
for for
"Curzon Line"
As regards the special in-. terests of the Soviet Union,, M. Stalin desired the restoration of the position in 1941, prior to the German attack, in respect of the Baille States, and Bessarabia.
bia. The Line" should form
the
basis
for the future Soviet-PollaH frontier, and Rimariin should give special facilities for bases; Ac, to the Soviet Union, réécl- ying compensation froti terrf- fory now occupied by Hungary,
In the course of this first conversation M, Stalin ally agreed with the princ of restitution in kind by Ger- many to the occupied countries, more particularly in regard to machine, tools,... and ruled out money reparations, as un- desirable. He showed Interest in a post-war military alliance between the "democratic coun- tries," and stated that the Soviet Union had no objection to certain countries of Europe entering into a federal' réla- Lonship, If they so desired,
In the second conversation, on December 17, M. Stalin pressed for the immediate re- cognition by his Majesty's Government of the future .ས་ of the USSR - Möre cularly in regard to the inclusion within the USSR of the Balle. States and the res- toration of the 1041 Finnish- Soviet frontier. He made the conclusion of any Anglo-aviet Agreement dependent on agreement on this point.
I, for my part; explainda, to M. Stalin that in view of our prior undertaking to the Uni- ted States Government was quite
Impossibid for his Majes
ty's Government to commit themselves at this stage to any pom-war frontiers in Europe, although I undertook to con- suit his Majesty E, Government the United Kin cloth tho And United States
Government in phais, question, to Whi Stalin Importance, -cussed at the Ehữn
December 182
attachitr
undefmtal
I gave these three papera to the President before. Christmas, 1 explained that while they were my own personal views, they did The strategic security of not supersede any formal com- Russia on her Western border munications between the Staffs. will, be one of the objects of I rouched them in the form,.of Peace Conference. The post-memoranda for the British Chiots tich or Leningrad has been of Staff Committee.**** Moreover, proved by events to be of par-I told him they were not written ticular danger. The first ob expressly for his eye, but that ject will be the prevention of thought it Important that ho koy new outbreak by Germany,should know what was in The separation of Prussia from mind and what I wanted, to have dono and, so far as Great Britain Bouth Germany, and actual de-
was concerned, would try to bring Anition of Prussia itself, will be one of the
to action. He read them imme- greatest issues to be decided. But at this lies in diately after receiving them, and the next day asked whether fie a future which is uncertain and probably remote. We have might keep copies of them. To how to win the war by a hard this I gladly assented, and prolonged strugle, То raise such fasues publicly now would only be to rally all Ger- manis round Hitler
Eden's account
Mr. Edén's aécount gives in' his own words the ending of his talks with Stali in Moscow.
We took love of one another fd vòry friendly atmosphére. After my explanations M. Sta In acmed fully to understand our paplity to créaté a second front in -Europe at the
present time. He showed considerable Interest in the
progress of airm Libyan öffensive, and regarded It on mort delirable, to knock out Italy, on the principle that the Axi would cóllipse, with the destruction of its weakest Tink
1
He did not consider that he was yet stromi renough" tỏ' corru tinue the campaign against Germany' and also to provoko hostilities with Japan, Ho hoped by next spring to have restoreit, his. Far Eastern, army to the strength, walch it had before he had been obliged to draw upon for tho E
We He did
not undertake, to-declard war on Japan next only to reconsider, the matter then, although he would prefer that hostilities should" "be
opened by the Japanese, as he seemed to expect inlight be the enia
The eight days' voyage' [to] the United Stateson Inka December, 1041)win its anforced reduction of current bunnens, with no Cabinet meetings to attend or people to ressive, enabled me to. pass; in review the whole WIN BE. I mný and fält it in the limit OR 115 sudden vast expansion. A KON called: Napolom, aturemark about the valua of
my
(To be continued) World Copyright rétérőëd. - Ra- production, even partially in any langudge, strictly pro hibited,
Exclusive rights in Hong Kong
by the "Chind Male
Sounds like another excellent opportunity for Hollywood to indulge in a Technicolor epic. with Britain in the habitual role of wicked imperialist villäin.
The lied behind the géporieë American desire to bypass Mr. Strachey, with confidential war information was to reduce the danger of Red use.
The Marshall Plan founder.says the U.S.must marshalit resources to eco the plan does not founder.
“! Să în fotung đòn't enter for -mëʼaš volý díä Kättleship, älä
£62.000 a year to keep me in
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