15
Pontiff holds consistory
Specially flown from Reme to London in the De Havilland four-jet Comet airliner, this Associated Press photo shows Pope Plus XII on his way from the Vatican private apartments to the Concistory Hall for secret and semi-publle consistories for five Hoty Year canonisations. With His Holiness in Monsignor Enrico Dante, Pretect of the Vatican Ceremonial Staff for the Religious Ceremonics," They are preceded by helmeted Noble Guards. (AP Photo).
HK MAN'S VIEWS:
INDIA AND
THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, MARCH 23,. 1950.
! The c
first of six articles on t
The Chinese
Revolution
Why has the British Govern-¡ was itchilled be) examination, in ment, at a title of economile
Chinese, Philosophical, Ilerature, crisis, scht a large defence
The Civil Service, was elaborately force to Hong Kong? The Island Civil Service, Fegulation govern- orgadited it ranks, and grades, of Hong Kong is a pleasant ed the whole site of State. place with beautiful scenery: Becade Civil Bervies existed yet that is clearly not the it was possible for Ching to con- reason why the, Government
struct and maintain, the vast de making so great an effort to Bafeguard it.
.
For a 100 years Hong Kong has been the British trading post ideally situated for commerco with China-though at times. much of its trade has been de- flected away to Shanghai. Great fortunes have been made at Hong Kong. Yet this also is not the reason why the Labour Govern. ment has sent, soldiers to defend it. It is doubtful how much, the wealth of Hong Kong actually helps the British home economy.
on which the burden of this de- fence must ultimately fäll.
Nor is it entirely true that the reason for defending Hong Kong is because it is a
part of the British
Commonwealth, Cer-
By Windrush.
www.cam.com
dysteros of litigation which were not poksible lasa country like pre-British India, where the pro- fessional Clutt Servico did not exist.
Engile repetition and chaos in Caricaq iko wa the population perio gulvation. When it hĩa gå stripped the land, nvalledie landlords were abig: 10. excessive rent and ki haram also large numbers ::01. Innāless abourers. The postha of the tenants and the labonner naliy became desperate and they rose in revolt. Theik Ori Tövõlts were usually suppressed fairly carly, but rebelliona continued to break out will the Dynasty Yell.
During the veriod of disorder which would follow this collapse, corrective foreck came into Diby. Folitical disorder produced. famine. Apla, and pestilence, and battle Kradually reduced population. The tension .m. Chi- Dess Society would be pos
diminish. able for a new Government, to And, in the end it.
establish Itself and restore order. The cycle of Chinese history would then repeat itself.
tainly the Commonwealthy cannot go to Forbidden was complicated than that of carlier
be attacked with. Impunity, but if there had not been weightỷ rea- sons for our remaining Hous „Kong, it might have been chéaper and easier simply to hand it over to the Chinesă Government.
Why, then, is such armed force kept here?
а
large
The dynasties This, roughly speaking, is how the yost Empire of China, was governed from the time of the Tank Dynasty,, which flourished King Alfred the Great. At the At about the same time as our
It was in a population crisis, of summit of the system, was the this kind that the last Dynasty. Emperor, the Son of Heaven, the Manchu one, collapsco. The
in the
City at end of the Manchu, was more
his Viceroy
In each district there pynuples brought about by because in nadition to was Prefect. In calm times the erned than any other country, in 19th Century, rab China was probably better gay over-population, China, in the new the world before the 19th Cen- troubles by coming into contact tury. But times wore hot always with the West, countries. "This 'calm.
caused profound changes. In Chinese Society
and
Chinese the change enly came about
slowly. very The upshot of this complication was that the Manchu, Dynasty took an abnormally long time | dying, because it was for a time supported by Western aid. It collapsed Anally in 1912. 11s full began the revolution which pro- duced
psychology, though In the
The answer Hes deep history of our times, of British history, and of Chinese history. sold A great philosophen, once that the true mark at a free man was that he understood why he was doing things, and': that wo understood
PAKISTAN
VERY NEAR TO WAR
Disturbed relations between India and Pakistan, following the recent com-
munal disturbances, have brought the threat of wat very near.
یا
Mr. Mamak, who spent two onths, investigating the
Causes
the present strife, is convinced hat India does not want war with Pakistan al will avoid an armed lush as much as possible.
tungs were
being done, to him. Anybody who finds himself in the Hong Kong, Defence Fores nos been caught up by, and is playing a part in, very great historical drama of our time.
Background of history|
The dimeult thing is to see it as a whole in all its complexity and to grasp the significance for the whole in each small indivi- dual part.
Yet it is ex-first half of this year the Govern-
ment has already allocated for olgn exchange for the import of 100,000 bales from various coun- tries. Provisions for more foreign exchange for the second half have also been made.
|
There have been many Chinese Dynastics. The main obes were the Han, Tang, Sung, Yuan Ming, and the last one--the Ching, or Manchu. On the average, Dynas- lies farted two or three hundred yeurs. Ultimately, they fell.
There would be a period of chaos. After that, a new Dymas
would rise. Historians today, looking behind the pageant of the rise and fall of Dynastles, think that they can perceive the
cause. The reason for this rby-
Mud into hard Road
America as inventive as always-bas discovered. how to turn mud, even the most
into clogging mud,
* hard reliable surface in a matter of
hours. against
"Increase of cotton production an the long-term solution la Al of nearly 1,000,000 the gap in between India and require ments is under consideration.""
That is the opinion of Mr. Victor Mamak, Hong Kong businessman now
on leave in New Delhi, as expressed in a letter to the "China Mail."
She ignored the original parlly has risen from 230,000 bales In with sterling in terms of which 1948 to 280,000 bales. For the all settlements of foreign change were made between India and Pakistan, he said. Pakistan decided to maintain, its original But Pakistan has show no de-parity with the dollar and thus ire co-operate
to
with
Its overvalued her currency eighbour, he claims, and but for sterling and the Indian rupee to Prime Minister, Nehru's timely the detriment of Indian-Pakistan
commercial and trade relations. isit to West Bengal, the recent lots in that area would have pro- uced very serious repercussions.
"Pakistan raw jute immedinte- Winle Mr. Mamak denies that ly became tar more expensivo he situation has produced chaos than Indian jute, especially after. the industrial Pakistan had fixed a minimum and confusion in outlook of India, he says that selling price. The Dominion made Was indeed it legal for any person to ex- serious dislocation
Pakistan rupee for In- of the change caused in the economics wo Dominions as a direct result dian rupee except at the rate of
exchange notified by her H partition.
"Those measures had the effect unit "India was
Indo-Pakistan trade. before partition. The jute and of stultifying
Not only was any fresh purchase Colton producing areas were even-
of raw fute made impossible, but y distributed in the provinces
out of 1,200,000 bales which had unt states and were linked to
been purchased by Indian mills and road," he Kelher by rall
before devaluation, 500,000 bales ivrites.
which had still to come to India were held up by Pakistan.
an economic
ΟΙ
"A single economic entity was uneconomically divided into two
percentage its. A certain technient personnel migrated from
ne-Dominion to the other,
"Even jute from Assam, in transit through Pakistan to in- dia, was stopped.”
I
well worth while making the effort of seeing our- selves against the background of history. To do this the need is to delve into the history of the Chi- nese revolution. The next three or four articles, will try to sketch the picture in its broad outline.
Revolution has been going on for a or the last century China long while, in China. . Be- "Therefore, not only the jute has been very weak we are apt and cotton mills in India have to forget what a great country it been and are still functioning is. The Chinese are the largest nation in the world. One in every usual, but there is absolutely no nye people in the world is n danger of their
In the
Chinese. Some historians think foreseeable future,"
Mr. that the Chinese have had the
ទេ, most advanced civilisation of any people, since while other nations, have had their ups and downs, the Chinese have maintained a very
Mamak.
closure
sald
Trade balance Mr. Mamak claime that de valuation
not adversely has affected India's export trade. In fact, the result is the con. trary.
"During the months of Novem ber and December 1949, Indla hud favourable balance of trade: During these two months India's exports stood at the record level
or-50-crores month.as...against
That field bogging down the mast
powerful tractor...that lane ankle deep in clutching mire.... that stretch of sand left
even
Q
a
of
first the Kuomintang Government, and now, the Com
quist Government which has Just come into power.
(To be continued).
Nazis hide in S. America
What happened to the scores of Nazi leaders of war-time Germany who disappeared without any trace of their death or whereabouts, at the end of the war?
The answer, as far as a good number of them are concerned at any rate, is that they fed to Sainth America, where they are still in hiding.
Proot of this came recently when the mother-in-law of a for- mer Naz! Gaulelier stated before: the Austrian Peopics' Court, that the former Nazi "boss" had fed with his family to South America late as the autumn of 1948.
glazed by water by the recoding tido-all can be transformed into surface ready to take the merely by heaviest road traffle the rapid application of
Explaining the process in more detall, Kay Mur- ray
describes how chemists and engineers Massachusetts In- stitute of Technology, after three years' research, have perfected a chemical treatment having much
The Court believed that this, the mmie action as that which and other evidence given, indica- takes place, in
manufacturing 1es that other top Nazis wanted Bynthelic rubber Once the badly for war crimes in Germany China is a huge land mass and chemical is applied soil, which, and Austria, may also have gone the great majority of its people was previously 40 per cent wa-underground" in the same coun- have been peasants. Large eme
try. ter, becomes as hard as rubber, pires populated chiedy by, pen-
In ve hours the surface con spntry have always developed
ped take the weight of a standard civilisation's different from those
"It" develops the alrength of tain, where the elvitisation has
high level of civilisation continuing for more than 2,000
years.
contributed to a certain amount widest after these actions that 36 crores In October. Ten export of island countries-such-as-Bri~ | heavy American, tar, In a week, facular rescuer, CI-- ;
of industrial dislocation.
Efforts for Pact
the other
com
R
Mr. Mamak says it became Pakistan was deliberately forcing did very well throughout the bed
been a commercial one. The crete. India to accept ber exchange rate, year. The increase in the export countries with which China has Experimenting with in treated" surface, the scientists drop of cotton plece, goods was un- to be compared are Mr. Mamak says that during the even though it bad not been en- Past two years India made every dorsed by the International Mote-doubtedly helped by devaluation. land empires-Russia, Germany, peda 18-pound ball from
height of seven feet. The ball conceivable effort to arrive at a tary Fund. It became, clear to in- The export of commodities which and India.
But as a land empire Chine merely bounced off causing no comprehensive trade agreement dustrialists. In India that apart, found a market in Pakiston has
diverted to other developed one peculiarity which damage at all.. with Pakistan. But at every staga from obtaining supplies of coal already been
was different from all other, land
doesn't mera, however, Pakistan put obstacles in the way, from India, Pakistan had little countries," he says.
at your rain-soaked lawn can There is no dongèr several intention of allowing any other
of com empires known in history, From and refused to hohour
orbe dried out for teanis and. tes- centered into with India.
which she had for trade to take place between the munism in India. The Communist a Very early period China
Farty in India is almost insigni-ganised a modem type of Civil artica in the middle of winter, two countries. metly
between India Service. Government was not the cost of the drying chemical The last of these agreements "In these circumstances,” he cant, but a war
Pakistan would un carried on by nobles or soldiers, lent prestato high to en dla and was signed in Karachi on June explains the Government of In- 24, 1940. Under this agreement, dia had no option put to stop the doubtedly strengthen the hands of The Emperor governed through a able it to be put on the civilian Pakistan agreed to make available the supply of coal to Pakistan. the present Indian Communist professional Civil Service which market.
Party and It would ultimately dominate all others," he said,
current Touching on India's relations with foreigners in the country, Mr. Mamak' writes that
is
antl- absolutely no
India. foreign feeling In
"Foreigners, especially Britons are treated with the traditional Indian courtesy and politeness
India 480 milion bales of raw In so doing, however, it made
of raw Bute
and 450,000 bales
clear that these supplies would cotton. Indle agreed to supply bo resumed once trade between 80,000 tens of iron and steel. She the two states returned to nor not only met the requirements cf mal."
pendence on imports from hard areas, but also stepped currency
her export of coal to the Muslim state.
tip
Mr.
Pakistan, in spite of her own mal. Mamak says that India had there
anticipated some such imposse and had adopted measures to step up her own jute production which bad shot up from 160,000 bales in Mr. Mamak attachos, čoń- 1048 to 280,000 bales in 1940. The siderable importance to Pakis expected, production for this year tan's refusal to devalub her 500,000 bales. rupee after the British Com India is not dependent on monwealth general. devaluation | Pakistan colter for her textile undertaken last Sepiamkerd. production. Her own production
AN, ENGINE RUSTED INSIDE?
A TYPEWRITER CORRODED? A SAFE YOU CAN'T USE
A MACHINE RUSTED.
SANDED, CORRODED?
"Freedom from Foreign rito! has not created any arrogance or false pride in the Indians. It take simply restored their dignity and self-respect, which is the natural heritage of all human beings.”
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