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THE DISASTER IN
CHINA
China is suffering from one of the greatest natural disus ters of the century. Aid for Asia is one of the outstanding topics of the day. It is tragle that at such a time the new regime in Peking should be engaging in
bitter tirades
against the one country that could give her help on the colossal scale needed. The have Peking authorities themselves admitted that seven millions are suffering from famine. Other figures indicate that twice this num- ber are actually in danger of starvation. Still larger num- bers are directly or indirectly affected, and people are flec- In from large tracts of the worst arcas.
This is especially true of Shantung, one of the most severely stricken provinces of all. The Vice-Chairman of the Shantung Provincial Gov- ernment, Kuo Tze-hua, is quoted as saying that the provinces had been struck by a whole succession of disasters-drought, floods, epidemics, typhoons, hailstorms and insect pests: presumably the locusts which are always a danger in periods. of drought in North China. His estimate of refugees (be- tween 30 and 40 million) is pretty nearly the entire popu- lation of the province, and is i scarcely consistent with the flooded statement that the
area is only 12 per cent of the farm land, except on the as- sumption that many people in other areas have been seized with heedless panic. Indeed, the Shantung Vice-Chairman blames the mass exodus on the poor leadership of the respon sible officials and their failure to cope with the crisis.
He also made some-stagger- ing revelations... about the drain on Shantung's man power. Since the summer of 1946, more than two million men from the province were either mobilised in the Peo- ple's Army or in the militia
er
THE
(MAITA
MARCH 21930.
WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS: THE THIRD BOOK
moro
You must remember that we have been fighting alone for than a year, and that, though our resources oro ing and will grow fast now on, we are at the utmost struin both at home and in the
Middle East by land and air, and aire that the Battle of the Atlantic, on whitch our Ilfo depends, and the movement of all our convoys in the teeth of the U-boat and Fokko-Wulf blockade, strains our naval re sources, great though they be, to the utmost 3mlt,
-'
It is therefore to the North we must look for aty speed); help, we can give. The Naval Staff have been preparing for three weeks past an operation by sea-borne aircraft upon Ger- man shipping in the North of Finland, hoping destroy enemy power of transporting troops by sea to attack your Arctic Bank. We have asked your Staffs to keep a certain area clear of Russian vessels between July 28 and August 2, when we shall hope to strike.
band
tp
Secondly, we are sending forthwith some cruisers and destroyers to Spitzbergen, whence they will be able to raid enemy shipping in concert with your naval forces.
Thirdly, we pre sending a fotilla of submarines to inter- the cept German trafle Arctic coast, although owing to perpetual daylight this ser vice is particularly dangerous.
Fourthly, we are sending ▸ minelayer with various suppres to Archangel, This is the meal, We can do at the moment. wish it were more .
THE GRAND ALLIANCE
Sending aid to Russia
fence of the naval base and to co-operate with Russian forcest In that area. Dy September - 11 the squadrons were in action, and they fought vallantly for three months,
I was well aware, that in the
"N.T. formers get rostlye.". Yes, I believe some are right, but the restive them; 'æro, Russian people, their Immensur apparently rest in twain, or even
higher.
By Winston able reserves of man-power, the
Churchill
early days of our alliance there Union after the Russian occupa was litur we could do, and 1 tios of the Eastern areas of Po: tried to all the vold by civilities..und."
Prime Minister to M. Stalis
25 July, 41
the War Cabinet have decided, I am glad to inform you that In spite of the fact that this will seriously deplete our fighter air- craft resources, to send to Russia Ok soon as possible 200 Tomahawk fighter airplanes. One hundred and forty of there will be sent from here to Archangel, and 80 from our supplies in the United
States of America.
Up to
եր
We aro
should 2-3th, Leirs oflank in this boots country for shipment. also arranging to provide during the present year large quantities of rubber, tin, wool and woollers cloth, jute, lead, and shellac. All your other requirements from raw materials are receiving care ful consideration. Where supplies ara impossible or limited from
"WHAT, NO”MOSCOW? WELL, BRING ME THAT "
Frigid atmosphere
these negotiations continued in
Throughout the month of July frigid atmosphere. The Russian were obstinate in their refusal, i make any precise commitment le
with Polish wishe formaty Kussin regarded the question her Western frontiers as not oper Could she be trusted behave fairly in this matter in to discussion.
hostilities would come to an ctit the possibly distant future, whe.
Europer
to
In
The British Government wer in a dilemma from the beginning. We had gone to war with Ger many as the direct result of ou guarantee to Poland, We had strong obligation to support th interest of our Arst ally. At thi stage in the struggle we could no
CASUS
vast size of their the rigours of the Husslan winter, were the factors which ultimately ruined Hiller's armies. But none
of these made themselves velt parent in 1041.
WRE
ap-
considered
very bold
President Roose- when he procialmed in Septem-
DQ
ber, 1941, that the Russian would hold and that Moscow would
not
taken, The glorious strength and patriotism of the Russian people vindicated this opinion.
Even, in August; 1942, after my visit to Moscow and the con- ferences thera, General Brooke, who had accompanied me, adhered to the opinion that the Caucasus Mountains would be traversed and the basin
id of the
Caspian dominated by German forces, and
Acheson is now called an untouchable. ་
It was a senator who carto the Arst stoic.
Russian soldiers are reported; have arrived in Shanghai.y
boots.
No doubt with 'any-nd.on
Now! "Who on earthi wants Zealand pounds?" asks à financial - writer.
They tell me The New rather keen on
ken-Zeelanders: are thenti..
we prepared accordingly on the largest possible scale for a de-
Contemporary had a nice ab fensive campaign in Syria and story yesterday about the silent Persin.
Throughout I took a picture setress "Mac Marsh, still more sanguine view than my sald to be receiving fan fötters, military advisers of the Russtarf
This Mao be true, but I ha'a m Dowers of routes
I rested doets.
resistance.
with confidence upon Fremler
Stalin's assurance, given to me that he would hold the at Moscow, that ling or
of the Caucasus and that the Germans would not reach the Caspian in any strength. But we were vouchsafed so little informa- tion about Soviet resources.and intentions that all opinions either why were hardly more gucases,
Heavy sacrifices
than
It is true that the Russion entry into the war diverted the German air attnek from Great Britain, and diminished the threat of invasion. It gave us important reiler in the Mediterranean. On the other hand, it imposed upon us most heavy sacrifices and trains. At last we weto beginning to be well equip- ped. At last our munitions fac tories were pouring out their sup plies of every kind. Our armies in Egypt and Libyn were in heavy action and clamouring for the latest weapons, above all tanks and Raropiaves.
The British armies at home were eagerly
Cagerly
Over in California, where they begin early, a 14-year-old girl has shot her twin.
She said she didn't need a xistér to assist 'er.
"Line a nine-inch pie plate with plain pastry. Feel eight large tart apples, thin slicely."
And slow bakely,
∙Mad as a Hatia?
The Indonesian prèmler, according to one report, says the nation's prosperity "is still absyance."
Absylutely.
"H.K. Land's
land company
profit."
That's nice.
awaiting the long- promised headlines:
modern equipment which in
There is no Norwegian Light Division In existence, and It would be impossible to land troops, either British or Rus-
More of these sian, on German-occupied terri-
puzzling "Borotra. through" tory in perpetual daylight with- out having first obtained rea
its ever-widening complications But on reading on, I found he had here we are discussing with the admit the legality of the Russian
was flowing at last towards thern won his singles match, and has sonable fighter) pir
We cover.
United States of America,
occupation of Polish territory in
At this moment we were.com- had
bitter experiences at
no intention of retiring. We are watching with admiro-1939. In this summer of 1941, less Namsos last year, and in Crete tien and emotion Russia's magni- than two weeks after the appear-pelled to make very large diver- this year, of trying such enter-ficent fight, and all our informa- and prises.
tion shows the heavy losses and ance of Russia on our side in the ions of our weapons and wtal struggle against Germany, we supplies of all kinds, including
*** Frubbor and of
Two atomic scieniiats are: Bild concern of the ebeiny. Our air could not force our new, and sɔre- We are also studying
to have disappeared in Britain.. as attack
Germany will continue by threatened ally to abandon, On UK felt the burden of or-
monkey further development the basing with increasing strength.
Well, thoy would even on paper, regions on he of some British fighter air
ganising the canvoys of British squadrons on Murmansk. This
Rubber was scarce and precious, frontiers which she had regarded and still more of United States around with the stuff.
for penerations as vital to her supplies and carrying them to would require?ffirst of all à con- and the Russian demand for it was
security.
Murmansk and Archangel through signment of anti-aircraft guns, on the largest scale. even
all the, dangars and rigours of then the arrival of the alretuft, | broke into our modest reserves.
this Aretle passage. All the Ame- some of which could be flown
rican supplies wore a deduction off carriers and others crated. Prime Minister to M. Stalin When these
from what had in fact been, or were established
WEA to be, successfully ferried our Spitzbergen squadron could
across the Atlantic for ourselves. Murmansk and act
.come to
with your naval forces.
Do not hesitate to suggest anything else that occurs to you, and we will also be searching earnestly for other ways of striking at the common foc,
Munitions and supplies
.
I
28 July, 41 Rubber. We will deliver the goods from here or United States by the best and quickest route. Please say exactly what kind of rubber, and which way you wish it to come. Preliminary orders are already given ---
In order to make this Im- mense diversion and to forgo the
of
Chamber The Chinese Commerce are making attacka on a tax increase.
Money people are said to agree with them.
There was no way out. The issue of the territorial future of Poland must be postponed unti carier times. We had the invidiou responsibility of recommendin General Sikorski to rely on Soviet good faith in the future
was involved in the war she pre ment of Russian-Folish relations
sented herself to our minds a a and not to insist at this moment growing flood of American aid burden and not as a help. None on any written guarantees for the without crippling our campaign the less-wo-rejoiced. ta. hays this. in the Western Desert, we had to future. I sincerely hoped for my The grand resistance of the part that with the deepening ex cramp all preparations which mighly nation in the battle with prudence urged for the defences, and we all felt that even it Russian Army in defence of their perience of comradeship in arme
the Soviet armier, wore driver soil unites us all. A terrible win-against
of the Malay ipeninsula and our Hitler the major Allies
back. to the Ural Mountains Rus- ter of bombing lies before Ger- would be able to resolve the ter-
Eastern Empire and possessions in would still exert an immense many, No one has yet had what ritorial problems in amicable dis-
ngainst the ever-growing menace of Japan. From the Brat moment I they are going to get. The naval cussion at the conference
table, telegram to you are in progress. operations mentioned in my last
Without in the slightest degree Thank you very much for your
in the clash of battle at this challenging the conclusion which comprehension in the
point in the war all must be history will affirm that the Rus- common military effort.
the German armies and in- of this struggle a resurgent "Polish | fiicted mortal injury upon the life- army based on the many thou- energies of the German nation. sands of Poles now held in Russia It is right to make it clear that would play a noble part. On this for inore than a year after Rtusala point the Russians were prepared to agree in a guarded fashion.
and
midst of
vital
and, if she porsovered in the war.. un ultimately decisive force,
(To be continued)
the "total number of civilian slirect. British pacifces. Early your great fight of our difficulties subordinated to strengthening the sian resistance,broke the power World Copyright reserved. "Re-
on the front lines. In addi- my utmost to help the Russians tion there were huge num-with munitions and supplies, both bers working in the rear, as by consenting to severe diversions
United States he puts it, and he estimated from the
in September the equivalent of two troops" in the province at the Hurricane squadrons were dis- incredible figure of twelve patched In HMS Argus and a half million. Presum-Murmansk to nasist in the de- ably these are former guerilla
in doing more. We will do our utmost.
I tried my best to build up by frequent personal telegrams the same kind of happy relations which I had developed with the
serles I received many rebuffs and only rarely a kind word. In many cases the telegrams were left unanswered altogether or for many days.
bands, conscripted labour, been liberated from the oc-.Fresident. In this long Moscow and Nationalist deserters. cupatlón of one Asian nation Levies of grain since 1946, he which tried to conquer the went on, amounted to 6,150 rest of Asia-a liberation in million cattles. After due which the United States and allowances for the fantastic the Commonwealth forces nature of the figures cited, the picture still remains a fearful one of acute disaster piled upon a vast collapse of law and order and of even basic administration.
And in
On July 30, after many bitter discussions, agreement was reach- ed between the Polish and Rus slan Goverments. Diplomatic re- lations were restored, and a Polish army was to be formed on Russlan
played the chief role. It seems impression that they were cor- supreme command of the Soviet The Soviet Government had the soll and subordinated to the to us that in the face of this ferring a great favour on us by, Government. There was no men- disaster, Peking would have! nghting in their own country for tion of frontiers, except a general been much better advised had fought the heavier our debt be treaties of 1939 about territoria their own lives. The more they statement that the Soviet-German it issued a frank appeal to the came. This was not a balanced chaures in Poland have lost their Western world for all possible view. Two or three times in this
validity!! long correspondence. I had to but protest In blunt language, cspecially against the ill-usago of our sailors, who carried at so
Sympathetle parties are sald | ald...
The matter rests
to be coming here to solleft- It is not too late to do this aid. It is not money that is now, and the very name of the needed: It is food, seed grain People's Government corp- much peril the supplice to Mur- There the matter rested, and and similar supplies, not ob- mends, if it does not com-anansk and Archangel. Almost during the autumn the Poles were tainable here. In previous mand, such a course. If for invariably however I bore hector-occupied to the grims tank of ing and reproaches with a pati- collecting those of their national disasters of this sort, China any reason of ideology, pollent shrug, for rufferance is the who had survived captivity in the was able to depend upon the tles, or "face," Peking is re-badge" of all, who have to den prison camps of the Soviet Union. immediate help of the United luctant to appeal to the United with the Kremlin. Moreover, I
Model Into the States, Britain, Australia and States Government through pressures under which Stalin and war was welcome
The entry of Russl not im- made constant allowances for the other Western countries. In the British or other Govern- bis dauntless Russian nation. lay.
mediately helpful to us The ternational Famine Relief. ment, it could at least seek the
German armies were so strong bodies administered that aid ald of the American or Interattack on Rusafa, broke cupon the months they could maintain the ∙When the-nows, the German that it, seemed that for many and saw to it that it was most national Red Cross At the world, the Ara-establishment of invasion threat against England effective. That help is more same time, it might well be Pollsh-Russian relations, which wh argently needed now than expected to take a more had been broken off in 1929, bekime me plunging
Almost all respon ever before, and ought to be favourable attitude, about the come important. The conversationssible military opin
opinion-held that between the two Governments be the Russian armies would sought irrespective of "face" departure of the evacuees ran in London under British aus defeated and largely destroyed. soon be or politics, to save the lives of from Shanghai. The Americes on July. 5. Poland was ro In spite of horele resistance, com- millions now in Jeopardy, Yet cans are big enough, and big-mesented by the Prime Minister potent
petent darpollo war direction), Peking has chosen precisely hearted enough, to drop a of her exiled Government Gen total disregard of human life, and this moment to assert the hint themselves Arst. Gasrat Sikorski, and
Rusta
the opening of a ruthless quorilla right of China to speak for all tures of this sort may require he Poles had two aims--the re- man advance, a general" retiro-
Bovlet Ambassador. Maisky warfare in the rear #the- Asla and tell Mr. Acheson courage fir the present state commiten by the Bowiat Government took place m the "whole that the affairs of Asia are no of affairs, but the quid ah-men that the partition of Roland 1200-mile Russian front South of business of his,
doubtedly evoke
generous nawel lo by Germany and Rusals) ® Lean (ngrad eros, about 400, 0%, 800.
There would be no purpose:
in dwelling on this tirade son giv soon after, all East Asia Led lem
whole story of Wa
Ger
In 1982, was now, nulla android.
oven and
civilan deported to the f Soviet Government, the fortitude of 1
strength of the 1480%
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