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DEFENCE IN THE WEST
by
THE CHINA MAIL, MONDAY, MARCH 20, 1980,
WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS: THE THIRD BOOK
These Impressions were shared
10
our Joint Intelligence Com- mittee. On April 7 they stated that there were A number of reports clrculating in Europe of Although Germany, they a German plan to attack Rusain, said, Bait had considerable forces avali- able In the East, and expected to night Russia some time or other, it was unlikely that aho would choose to make onother major war front yet. Her main object in 1941 would according to them, remain the defeat of the
United Kingdom.
As late as May 23 th mittee from the three
ጥሮ
12-
com
1
THE GRAND ALLIANCE
The invasion of Russia
those I had made with President Roosevelt.
I made the message
short and cryptic, hoping
that
was
Sir
this very fact, and that it the first message I had sent him since my formal telegram of June 20, 1940, commending would arrest his Stafford Cripps as Ambassador,
Intention and make him ponder. Prime Minister to Slr Stafford Crippe
April 3, 1041. Following from me to M. Stalin,
provided it can be personally delivered by you:
me
By Winston Churchill
commented,
to
Local restaurant advortises food- "cooked in the English style."
Is this a threat or a promise?
NCO's at the military parade, sald one report, "were seen to polish the boots subordinates so
of their could be ship-shaped."
that everything
The local reader would be more seen polishing the stuff bent in Impressed if sub-editors could be by their own subordinates.
woman, Mrs. Hayward said: not "Speaking as a Welsh-speaking want afi'75JWcb e dn.,.b." steners rolling in the aisle.
She probably had her Welsh-
in Berlin: At daybreak Schulen- burg presented himself to Mola- tov in the Kremlin. The latter listened in silence to the state- one of these ships that will have The Empire Dirk seems to be ment read by the German Am- a stab at anything. bossador, and then
It is war. Your aircraft have Just bombarded some 10 upen and Eastwards from. France villages, Do you believe that and Germany is in progrean. Iwe deserved that ?" should myself
hia suppose
In the face of the Tass broad best chance was to attack the cast it had been vain for us to Ukraine and Caucasus, thus add to the various varnings making sure of corn and oil. which Eden had given to the Nobody can stop him doing Soviet Ambassador in London, or this, but we hope to blast the for me to make a renewed per Fatherland behind him pretty sonal effort to arouse Stalin I have sure information from a thoroughly as the year marches his peril. Even more precise in trusted agent that when the Ger-
on. I am sure that with God's formation had been constantly mans thought they hod
help we shall beat the life out sent to the Soviet Fot
Government Yugoslavia in the net that is
of the Nazi regime.
by the United States. Nothing Stalin must have tried to say, after March 20-they be-
very that any of us could do pierced hard gan to move three out of the about Hitler's policy. After an- ideas which Stalin had raised be
to preserve his Illusions the purblind prejudice and fixed Panzer divisions from Rumania
nia other month of intense German tween himself and the terrible to Southern Poland,
The revolution ment they heard of the Serbian troop movement and deployment truth.
this movement
Schulenburg. could telegraph to WAL
Although on Gennan estimates countermanded. Your Excellency June 21:
the German Foreign Office on 180 Ruslan divisions were will readily appreciate the sign-
massed behind the Boviet bound- People's Commissar Molotov (aries, of which 119 faced the Ger- has just given me the following man front, the Bussinn armies to text of a Tass despatch which a large extent were taken by will be broadcast tonight and surprise. The Germans found no published in the papers to signs of offensive preparations in morrow.f
the forward zone, and the Busal- Even before the return of an covering troops were swiftly the English Ambassador Cripps overpowered. to London, but especially since Something Hke the disaster his return, there have been which had befallen the Polish Air widespread rumours of an in-Force on Sept. 1, 1939, was now pending war between the USSR to be repeated on a far larger and Germany in the English scale on the Russian airfields. and foreign Press. These and many. hundreds of Russian Correspondent says that when allege:
planes were caught at daybreak he dialled telephone number That Germany supposed- and destroyed before they could all he could hear was music and ly has made various territorial get into the air. Thus the rav-sounds like the popping of corks. Ings of hatred against Britain and Must have got on to party the United States which the line. Soviet propaganda machine cast upon the midnight air were over- whelmed at dawn by the German cannonade. The wicked are not always clever, nor are dictators always right.
•
•
Vain warning Though Sir Stafford Cripps did could -not-succeed-in-secing Statín him-
all, Mr. Churchill's vain warn ing was conveyed through Mr. Vyshinsky, who stated in writing on April 23 that Stalin had received it.
In replying to the debate in the House of Commons on the Defence White Paper, the reported that rumours of impend
Services British Prime Minister de-ing attack on Russia, had died clined to deal in detail with down that a new agreement be- Ificance of these facts.
and that there were re- the question of the re-arma-
ports ween the two countries was im- ment of Germany, raised by
pending. This they considered Mr. Churchill. He said Bri- ilkely, since German econonly to tain is acting with her West- would require strengthening ern Allies, with-the-United-e necessary assistance
meet
the needs of a long war. States and with France, and be obtained by Germany from policy had been laid down in Russia either by force this matter perfectly clearly, agreement. They thought
be the German This policy opposes any kind latter would
choice, although a threat of forec of German re-armament, and would help to bring it about. there is no likelihood of any This threat was now building change in the foreseeable up. future. The German Federal Government is itself a signatory to the Protocol binding it to oppose all forms
of remilitarisation.·
have
the
of
There was plenty of evi- ronds and railway sidings in dence of the construction
German Poland, of the prepara- tion of aerodromes and of large- scale troops concentrations, in-
eluding troops and a units from
the Balkans.
Our Chiefs of Staff were
advisers: ahead of their
und more definite. "We have firm in- dications," they warned the Mid- dle East Command on May 31, "that the Germans are now con
and centrating large army
nir forces against Ruasia. Under this threat they will
de- mano concessions tnost injurious
probably If the Russians refuse, to us. the Germans will march"
It was not till June 3 that the
In
We know now that. Hliler's directive of December 18 had prescribed May 15 as the date for invading Russia, and that in bis fury at the revolution in Bel-
Arguments which been advanced in various quarters in favour of re-arm- ing Germany fall into two groups. First, those which suggest the re-establishment of German armed forces on a national basis for Western Germany. Secondly, those which favour a German con- tingent in some International Joint Intelligence Committee re- force. The Government holds ported that the scale of Ger- that apart from general ques-man military preparations tions of principle, and its Eastern Europe seemed to Indi- enle that an issue more vital than obligations under the Potsdam
an economic agreement was at and other agreements, there stake. Finally on June 12 they are convincing counter-argu- reported: "Fresh evidence is now at hand that Hitler has mo up ments against either sugges-his mind to have done with -So-
vlet obstruction and to attack." Collection of tit-bits to the balance of power, while I had not been content having the disadvantage of this form of collective wisdom. uniting all shades of opinion and preferred to see the originals in the Soviet Union and the fore, as far back as the summer I had arranged, there- myself. satellite States especially or 1940.
Desmond for Major Poland and Czechoslovakia- Morton to make a daily selection through their common fear of of tit-bits, which I always read, opinion, German resurgence. If, how thus forming my own
sometimes at much earlier dates. ever, the German forces were It was thus with relief and large enough to make a really excitement that towards the end
of March, 1941, I read an Intelll-this part of Germany could only significant contribution, they gence report from one would also be of such size as
our be permitted up to March 25. In most trusted
the the Northern sector strong Gur- to give Germany a predomi- movement and counter-move-man formations were already nant-position-in-the-Westernment of German armour on the being assembled. From March 20
tion.
A
force
small German would make little difference
yources
Di of
with
railway from Bucharest to Cra- cow. This showed that as soon
Union. A large German Army would place Germany as Prince Paul (of Yugoslavia)
me it illuminated the
at
grade this date had on March 27 been postponed for a month, and later till June 22.
Until the middle of March the
troop movements in the North ou the main Russing front were not
of a character to. require speclul German measures of conceal- inent. On March 13 however orders were issued by Berlin to terminate the work of the Rus slan
commissions working German territory, and to send them home.
The presence of Russians
onwards an even heavier mass- ing would take place.
the creation and
MACHINE
SUPERIORIY
and economic demands on the USSR and negotiations are im- pending between Gormany and the USSR for new and closer agreement.
2. That the Soviet Union is supposed to have declined these demands, and that as a result Germany has begun to concentrate her troops on the frontier of the Soviet Union in order to attack the Soviet Union,
3. That on its side
tho Soviet Union is supposed to have begun intensive prepara- tions for war with Germany and to have concentrated its troops on the German border.
-Despite-the-obvious absurdity of these rumours, responsible circles in Moscow have thought it necessary to state that they are a clumsy propaganda man- oeuvre of the forces arroyed against the Soviet Union and Germany, which are interested in a spread and intensification of the war
01.
the
German
Moscow, June 22, 1941, 1.17
AJ.
|
Molotov summoned me to his office this evening at 9.80 p.m. After he had mentioned "the alleged repeated bordor viola- tions by German aircraft, with the remark that Dekanosov [Soviet Ambassador in Berlin] had been instructed to call on the Reich Forzign Minister in this matter, Molotov stated as follows:
There were a number of in- dications that the · German Government WAS dissatisfied with the Soviet Government. Rumours were oven current
On May 7 Schulenburg (Ger- in a strong bargaining position had made his submission in Iman Ambassador in Moscow), as between East and West, and Vienna to Hitler on March 20, hopefully reported that. Stalin the possibility of a bargain three out of the five Panzer divi had taken over the chairmanship being struck with the Soviet ions which had moved through of the Council of Peoples': Com~ )
Rumania South Eastward to-missars in place of Molotov, and Government must never be wards Greece and Yugoslavia had thereby, become lead of the
had
sent been excluded.
Northward
to Government of the Soviet Union.
Her had every right to be There is the further danger whole of this transportation had
Cracow, and secondly.
the "The reason for this may be content with the success of his sought in the recent mistakes measures of deception, and with to be reckoned with, that the been reversed after the Belgrade in foreign policy which led to this victim's state of mind, German Federal Government, revolution and the three Panzer
a cooling off of the cordiality of Molotov's final fatuity is worth which is at present young and divisions sent back to Rumania. German-Soviet relations, for recording.
This strudling and reverzal of
preservation Schulenburg inexperienced, might be too about 50 treins could not be con- of which Stalin had eqnsciously Foreign Office. heavily influenced by an cealed from our agents on the striven. In his new capacity
Stalin organised body of military spot
Assumes responsibility To opinion, which a re-created whole Eastern scene like a light-
for all acts of the Government, in both the domestic and German High Command ning-flush. The sudden move-
foreign flelds.... I am con- would represent. In the main, ment to Cracow of so much
/vinced that Stalin will use his new position in order to take in the Balkan all arguments against the armour needed establishment of a German intention to invade
sphere could only mean Hitler's part personally in the main-
Russia
tenance and In
development of National Army apply in the May. This seemed to me hence-
good relations between the long run to any German con- forward certainly his major pur-
Soviets and Germany." The German Naval Attache, tingent in any International pose. The fact that the Belgrade
reporting from Moscow, Ex- force, since it is hard to be evolution had required their re-
turn to Rumanía involved peT
pressed the same point in these, lieve that such a German con-haps of delay from May to June.
words: "Stalin is the pivot of German-Soviet collaboration.” tingent would not lead very I sent the momentous news
once to Mr. Eden in Athens,
Examples of Russion appease- soon to the establishment of a
ment of Germany increased. On I also cast about National Army.
means of waring Stalin, and, by cognized the pro-German
May 3, Russia ħad officially re- arousing him to his danger, esta-nrnment of Rashid All in Iraq. bllshing contacts with him like On May 7 the diplomatie repre- sentatives of Belgium and Nor- man armed forces, or only the to contain Germany as
way were expelled from Russin, Even the Yugoslav. Minister was participation of German In-member is the United King-tung out. At the beginning of dustry in preparing defensive dom,
June the Greek Legation was armament. But as The
Meanwhile.much has been banished from Moscow. Times" pointed out, the dis- done in the organisation of or the economic section of the As General Thomas, the head tinction is illusory in prin- Western Union defence. A GermION War Ministry. later
could ciple and
not be common strategic plan has wrote in his paper on the war maintained in practice. The been agreed on, including an economy of the Relch: "The only solution of the dilemma integrated plan. of air defence les up to the eve of the attack, Russians executed their deliveṛ- is to make the Western Union based on the use of radar. and in the last days the trans- such a reality that Germany Mutual-aid has been provided port of rubber from the Far- can be received into it as a in production of arms and
Last was expedited by express member-State whose man- equipment, and the nucleus of power and natural wealth will a Joint Command has been be a welcome reinforcement | created. Measures have been of strength, but which yet adopted, too, for the stan- will not be of such pre- dardisation of arms and train dominant weight that it over-ing. In all these things the throws the balance of the United Kingdom has played a whole. The one Power whose leading part. More remains
Mr. Churchill himself did not say plainly whether he contemplated restoring Ger
for зол
#
trains
Goy-
Full information We had not, of course full; in-. formation about the Moscow moods, but the German purpose seemed plain and comprehensible. Smuts: On May 10 1 cabled to General
that a war was impending be tween Germany and the Soviet. Union. They found sustenance in the fact that there was no reaction whatsoever on the part
Germany to the Tasa report of June 18; that. It was not even published in Germany. The Soviet Government was
Matter of hours
•
...
A girl can always lure a man, says Myrtle, if
her come-on sanse.
she
Usca
•
We treat our fellows handsomely,- For, when you come to think, We lead a horse to water But we drive a man to drink.
AFC
In direct contrast to popular belief, our civil servants really keen to get down to work, Why, only the other day two of them put down their cups of ten
to sharpen their peacts,
Luminous lipstick in the latest. Ensures accurato osculation in cinemas.
On the evening of Friday, June 20, I drove down to Chequers alone. I know that the German onslaught upon Russia was a mattor of days or it
might be hours. I had arranged to deliver: a broadcast on Saturday night dealing with this cvent. It would of course have to be in guarded terms. As the result of my reflections in the car I put is possible to tell a hen-peeked
According to a psychologist, It
off the broadcast til Sunday husband from tho night, when I thought all would:
be clear. Thus Saturday passed with its usual toll.
Five days carlier, on the 15th,
I had cabled to the President as -follows:
From every
source nt my disposal, including some most
coughs.
way
Exch
Yes. He Invariably coughs up.
Asked whether he played the
Myrtle's plano,
"I don't
never tried."-
trustworthy, It looks na if replied: vast German onslaught Russia WAS Imminent. Not
от
our
only are the 5 German armies deployed from Finland to Rumanía, but the final arri- vals of air and armoured forces
completed. are being
The pocket battleship Lutzow which put her nose out of the Skaggerak yesterday and was promptly torpedoed by constal aircraft, was very likely going North to give naval strength on the Arctic flank.
brank Should this new war out we shall of course give all help encouragement and any we can spare to the Rissions, following the principle that Hitler is the foe we have to beat. I do not expect any class political reactions here, *and trust a German-Hussian Aliet will not cause you any on- barrassment.
con-
(To be continued) World Copyright reserved. RR. production, even partially in any language, strictly pra- hibited. Exclusive rights in Hong Kong
by the China Mall."
grandfather know; I've
** I spend a festone on a special Paris model and Strachey comes in behind
weating uniform and steals all the
limelight.
KARAJ
SAS
cities 30 countries --- on 5 continents. FAR EAST/EUROPE LUXURIOUS DC-6 SERVICE
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unable to understand the ren-In 1949 SAS few more than 500,000 passengers to sons for Germany's dissatisfac- tion. If the' Yugoslavʻquestion had at the time given
rise
to -zuch- dissatisfaction, he -- Molotov/believed that, by means of his earlier communt- cations he had cleared up this question, which moreover "was -à-thing-of the past. He would- "appreciate it if I could tell him what had brought about, the present situation In* German- Soviet Russian' relations.
It looks as if Hiller is maBE+ |||
I replied that I could not answer his question, as I lacked
the partinent information that
I would 'however: transmit, his communication to Berlin
RUINA ZAIN RES The hour strikes
ing, against Russia, A. coase - But the hour had now, struck. Isas movement of troops, nemé† At d'am, on Juho, 22 Ilibbentrop
are indispensable to make the building up of Britain's ownoured forces, and is aircraft delivered a farmal declaration of Western Union stable enough forces for common defence. - Northward hum The Balcans war to the Russian Ambassador.
Mo-operation and leadership to be done, and not least the
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