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THE MOSCOW PACT
THE CHINA' MAIL, WEDNESDAY,”“” MARCH (6, 1950.
WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS, THE THIRD BOOK Good Morning!
On.. March 4, after ho could certainly have reported to Toklo, 'I recorded in a minute a second visit from Mr. Shigemitsu.
The
Japanção, Ambassador called upon me, today and of spoke in agrecablo" terms the great desire in Japan not to be involved in war and not to have a rupture with Great Britain. He described the Tripartite Pact as a
pact of peace, and said it arose only out of the desire of Japan to limit the confilet. I asked him specifically whether the pact left Japan the full right of interpreting any given situa- tion, and I put it to him that nothing in the part obliged her to go to war... He did not dis sent from this En fach he tacitly assented. J
THE GRAND ALLIANCE
The Japanese puzzle
nezo Government to Birike with- out delay at Malaya and Singa- pore and hot to bother about the United States.
-The-Japaneso naval, and mili tary leaders were by no means convinced by this reasoning, or that it was diainterested. In
Ho thorel
With regard to this reported terrorist demonstration when tho 11 Arrives American mission many was to be informed cont Saigon. I'm sure they don't really -
By Winston denially that Japan would fight tinh t
Churchill
In - Aulo,” and the
Neutrality Treaty with -Rusela was cited to justify noa-intervention In the German-Russian war. On the other hand, it was brood-to
their view an operation in South | At the same time he was aware, go ahead in the Southern seas and East Asia was out of the ques- from Ribbentrop's language of 12 complete the occupation tion unless either a prior assault the
menacing, widening gulf Bouth Indo-China."
These decisions were not agree» was made on the American, bases between Germany and Russia. or a diplomatic settlement reach-How much ho told his new hosts able to Matsuoka In order to slit ed with the United States.
about this we cannot tell. But up agitation' for entering the war Germany's he had one of certainly, surveying the scene
Y'a side, with peculiar advantages, arid his speeches printed as a pamphlet after receiving from Sir Stafford for wide distribution. The copies wero suppressed by the Japanese Cripps the telegraphed version of iny letter with its questions, it Gove
Government. On July 18 he dis- would appear that Matsuoka appeared from office, found himself closer to Molotov than to Ribbentrop..
Behind the complex political scene in Japan three décisions seem to emerge at this time. The first was to send the Foreign Secretary, Matsuoka, to Europe to find out for himself about the German mastery of Europe, and especially when the invasion of Britain was really going to begin. Were the British forces so far tied up in naval det
detence that
Britain could not afford to rein- force her Eastern possessions if Jopen attacked them?
Schulenburg has recorded the demonstration of unity and com- radeship arranged by Stalin at the railway station on Matsuoka's de- parture for Japan. The train was delayed for an hour for salutes and ceremonies, apparently unex- pected by both the Japanese and Germans. Stalin and Molotov ap- peared, and greeted Matsuoka and a remarkably friendly manner and wished them a pleasant journey.
Although he had been educated in the United States, Matsuoka was bitterly anti-American. Не I received all his assurances was deeply impressed by the with cordiality, and asked him Nazi movement and the might of the Japanese In olf
to conves my thanks to the embattled Germany, He was Foreign Minister of Japan. I under the Hitler spell. Perhaps do not think Japan in Hikely to
even there were moments when attack us unless and until she
A certain amount of sur- prise was caused by the re- cent United Press despatch from London stating that a line by line study of the new Sino-Soviet Treaty had con- vinced official quarters there that Moscow had come second best in its dealings with the Chinese Communist leader Mao Tse-tung. The. new Pact, it was suggested, represented "a Russian climb- down, without precedent in recent foreign relations," In support of this judgment, it was pointed out that in 1945 China and Russia promised not to conclude any alliance against each other or to take part, in any coalition directed against cach
We
ад
No, Myrile, this anti-plague ar team in China is not underground movement against the Commus,
A cell out.
IL'A a bit complicated, but Eather
that this intensive scientists screening, of British does mean that their pictures will be carefully studied, but they may not all remain in starring roles. There could, in fact, be a few movies.
"Australia has new overscal But while the Japanese Cabinet
aircraft" ran the headline, but
only were not prepared to follow in the the story wan
convotried wake of German policy, their with na International airport. polley did not represent triumph This is pinne carelessness, avon for the moderates in Japanese if you grant the truth of the old public life. The strengthening of the Japanese armed forces was
saying: to air is human. • pressed forward and bases were to be established in South Indo- China.
This was the essential prelude to attack on the British and Dutch
colonies in South East Asin. - It seems, from the evidence up 150 now available that the leaders of Japanese polley did not · expect from the United States or Great Britain any vigorous coumter-. measures to this projected South
advance,
Nationalist Funbonts rescue Hong Kong rhips from piraten.
This should prove to doubting
critics that there is a difference.
"Any hint of marriage yet, dear?
Yes, several. He just ignores them."
Replies to advertisers.
Then Stalin publicly asked for he saw himself playing a similar the German Ambassador. "And part in Japan.
when he found me," said Schulen Secondly, the Japanese Gov-burg. "he came up and threw his ernment decided that their navy arm around my shoulder. and army command should have must remain friends. You must a free hand to plan, operations now do everything to that end."
Later Stalin turned to the Ger
"limbing stairs? It against the American base, at
Pearl Harbour and against the man Military Attache, first hav- Philippines, the Dutch Easting made sure that he had got Indies, and Malaya.
the right man, and said to him, "We will remain friends with you in any event."
is sure we are going to be de- feated.
I doubt very much into whether she would come the war on the side of the Axis Powers if the United States foined us. She would certainly be very foolish to do so. would be more sensible for her to come in if the United States did not join us. This was for very different reasons also the German view. both Germany and Japan were eager to despoil and divide the Empire. -But they said the despatch, was omitted British
approached the target from dif- in the new treaty, giving ferent angles. The German fligh China a loophole for consulta-Command argued that the Japa- tion or even co-operation with nese ought to commit their armed other Powers, providing that forces in Malaya and the Dutch they do not entail acts of aggression against Russia.
This
In other. This,
East Indies without worrying about the American Pacific bases. and the main feet which loy on their fank. Throughout February and March they urged the Japa-
"Now if that were true - and actually it is untrue-it would vitally affect the whole Pact. The original 1945 Pact repetition of Japanese aggres- was concluded before the end.sion, until such time as the of the war, when the Western United Nations Organisation Powers were. Russia's allles, may be charged. with this was responsibility. The substitute clause therefore without significance so far as article in the new Pact pro they were concerned. After vides that the Parties the war, even though rela-- tions between the West and the Kremlin began to cool-off, the article remained in nocuous so far as China was concerned because of the close and intimate relations that existed between her and the Western Powers. But it began to assume a different complexion after the People's Government came into power, with its policy of "leaning to _one_side" and its hostile at: titude to the United States. Even if Peking did, or should, desire to improve relations with that country and the West in general, it, seemed estopped from so doing by this clause.
"declare their readiness te participate most sincerely all International-actions aim ed at ensuring peace and security throughout the world! and will contribute their full share in the earliest imple- mentation of these tasks." The Peking, commentary continued that the Pact also laid down stipulations con- cerning "the full sincerity of the Sino-Soviet Alliance
"Both contracting parties un- dertake not to conclude any #lliance-directed against – the other contracting party and not to take part in any coalition or in actions or measures direct. ed against the other contracting party."
The corresponding article in the 1945 Treaty reads:
"Each High" Contracting | Party undertakes not to con- clude any ailiunco and not to take part in any coalition directed against the othe High Contracting Party,"
Thirdly, a "liberal" statesman, Admiral Nomura, was to be sent to Washington to explore the These embraces were a vain chances of a general settlement pretence. Stalin should surely with the United States ne have known from his own reports Pacific. This not only served as the enormous deployment, of
German strength which now a' camouflage, but might lead to Ge
peaceful solution.
gan to be visible to British In- teiligence all along the Russian 10 frontier. It was only ten weeks before Hitler's terrific onslaught meson Russia began. It would have been only five weeks but for the delay caused by the fighting in Greece and Yugoslavia.
(While Mr. Matsuoka was visiting Berlin, Mr. Churchill
decided to send him a sage.) Mr. Churchill to Mr. Yosuke
Matsuoka,
April 2, '41.
I venture to suggest a few questions which It seems to mu deserve the attention of the Imperial Japanese Government and people.
Anti-American
1. Will Germany, without the command of the sea or the command of the British day light air, be able to invade and
++
Understanding.
with U.S.
Matsuoka returned to Tokyo from his European visit at the end of April. He was met at the airport by the Prime Minister, Prince Konoyo, who informed him that on that very day the
Thus we see as this world drama marches on how all these three coldly-calculating empires made at this moment mistakes disas- trous alike to their ambitions at their safety. Hitler was resolved on the war with Russia, which played a a decisive part in his ruin. stalin remained to Russia's bitter cost, in ignorance or under-esti- coation of the blow about to fall on him. Japan certainly missed the best chance for what it was ever worth of reallsing her dreams.
Now a new figure sprang upon the world stage--a German war glor who will hold his place in their military annals. Rommel was born at Holdenhelm,
Erwin
"Do you suffer from morning tor-itude? Is your tongue furred?.. Do you get palpitations when Have you less cergy than you had even five Dots your mind years ago! wander, so that you and it difficult to concentrate?"
Ycs.
•
"Indians 1
no. It's attack-" to be Mount Everest, not Pakistan.
small change.
Sino-British Club offers $50.ns first prize in a short story contest. This should put local writers on their metal.
[
A Darcelona bull-fighter was
in Wurtemberg, in November, once a boxer,
It is to be hoped he will never" have the misfortune to lose on points.
✡
Deutschland, Deutschland.
Thousand Germans burn down British Dismantling Commission Ileadquarters.
Honestly, the way these British behave you'd think they had-work the war...
1891. He was a delicate boy, and was educated at home-till, at the age of nine, he joined the focal Government school, of which his father was badmaster.
He fought in the First World War in the Argonne, In Rumania, Italy, being twice and in
awarded the wounded and highert classes of the Iron Cross and of the order Pour le Merite. On the outbreak of the second
Flattery, says Myrtle's grand- conquer Great Britain in the Japanese had been considering World War he was appointed
Fuehrer's father, is having somebody else spring, summer, or autumn of the possibilities of an understand commandant of the 10417 Will Germany try to doing in the Pacific with the United field, head-quarters in the Polish tell us the nice things we have
given always thought about ourselves. 807 Would it not be in the States. This was
contrary to campaign, and
Punzer 7th Interests of Japan to wait until Matsuoka's theme. Though beset command these questions have answered by doubts, he was still on the Division of the Fifteenth Corps. This division, nicknamed "the themselves?
whole believer in ultimate Ger-
paign with the ally against whom formed tho | Phantoms,"
spear-
ho had formerly won distinction. 2. Will the German attack man victory. Backed by the pres head of the German break on British shipping be strong tige of the Tripartite Pact and
At that time Italian hopes were holding Tripolitania, enough to
prevent American the noutrality treaty with Russia, through across the Meuse.
reaching
British he saw no special need to con- narrowly escaped capture which limited to shores with Great Britain and cillate the Americans, who, in his the British counter-attacked at and Rommel took charge of the
Arras on May 21, 1940. There-growing German contingent un the United States transforming opinion, would never face simul-
La Bassoe to Lille, there whole industry to war-taneous Masks the Atlantic after he led his division through dor lately to enforce an oran purposes?
against Germany and in the
If this thrust had had a .3. "Japan's Recession to Pacific
Jupan. against
morn success, or perhaps not been the Triple Pact make it more
The
aid
from
was then
of the
likely or less likely that the found him Minister, therefore restrained by, orders from
little
...
mediately DUOKIDS sive campain.
When carly in-April-the Italian- the Commander-in-Chief
tried
10
United States would come into mood in Go*nted with High Command, It might have cut persuade-film that the German
State Japations at Washington, and
Japan
a
(To be continued),
circles
wide- off a large part of the British Afriken Korps, should not advance the present war?
ly different
"' as 1 his own. In Army, including the 3rd Division without his permission Rommel German 4. If the United
of his vehement
protests the
the commanded by Genera-Mont protested that entered the war of the side of
resolved to continue the gomery. His was the spearhead general he had to issue orders in Great Britain, and
which crossed the Somme and ad- accordance with what the situ- ranged herself with the Axis also to conceal them from the vanced on the Seine in the direc- ation demanded." Any reserva
tłona beenuse of the supply pro- ould not the naval Germans. Powers, would
On May 4. Matsuoka
Tolling up the tion of Rouen, superiority of the two English- took it upon himself to acquaint French left wing and capturing blem were, he declared unfoun
He demanded, and ob- speaking nations enable them the German Ambassador with the numerous French
and British ded."
treedom complete tained to forces around St, Valery, His to dispose of the Axis Powers text of an American Note
action. in Europe before turning their Japan offering to reach a general division was the first to reach the united strength upon. Japan? Pacific settlement, beginning with Channel, and entered Cherbourg 5. Is Italy a a strength or a American. mediation between just after our final evacuation. burden to Germany?
Is the Japan and
Chines The main Italian Fleet as good at sea as obstacle to this proj
proposal was the on paper? Is it as good on American requirement that Japan
should frst evacuate China. paper as it used to be?
While in Moscow Mr. Matsuoka be stronger than the German had received my message, and on Air Force before the end of his return journey. In the train 1941, and for stronger before across Siberia ho wrote a barren
end of 10427
reply, which was dispatched on the will the many countries his arrival in Tokyo. which are being held down by the German Army and Gestapo -learn to like the Germans. more
6. Will the British Air Force
Mr. Matsuoka to Mr. Winston Churchill. 23. April; 141;
Your Excellency ...may rest as or will they ilke them less assured, that the foreign policy of the years pass by?
Japan is determined upon and B. Is it true that the produc-, after an unbiased examination of tion of steel in the United all the facts and a very careful States during 1041 will be 75 weighing of all the elements of million
tons
and in Great the situation the confronts, alway! Britain about 134, malding a holding steadfastly in view the total of nearly 30 million tons? groot racial aim and ambition of If Germany should happen to finally bringing about the condi be defeated, as she was last tions enyiraged in what she calis time, would not the seven mil Hakko-lchiu, the, Japaricae exis lion tons steel production of ception of s
(-a universal peace" under Japan be inadequate for
atorwhich there would be no conquest.
to these no oppression, no exploitation
and all peoples. And, From the an "art questions
may
spring the Any And -avoidance by Japan of a serious
nged hardly catastrophe, and a marked im carried out with resolution but Excellency that it will be provement in the relations be
Peking Radio put out a long commentary on the Pact on February 15 quoting clauses of the Treaty, and preceding and interlarding them with
Therefore; so far from re- comment designed to put the best possible face on the Pact ducing the original clause, the new Pact actually adds to the "Narrow Nationalism" was
article the words "or In ̧ac- denounced and stress was! placed on the "fraternal" tions or measures," which nature of the alliance. It was gives it a much wider applica- pointed out that, the situation tion still.. We don't profess to had undergone a "fundament know what is the explanation al change" between August, of this mystery: whether the 1945 and now. Japan had correspondent in London was been detented and the misled on the basis of an im- Kuomintang Government perfect rendering of the Pact, overthrown, while China had or whether the version issued become a Feople's Democratic officially from Peking was de Republic. Therefore a new fective. But on the face of it treaty and agreements were the new Pact seems to have necessary and had been "im. tightened the fetters more than ever on China. It is 'mediately concluded."
"Our great ally, the Sovie! true, however, that a new Union, on the basis of the clause is interpolated in the policy of Generalissimo new Pact which was not in Stalin, has manifested great the 1945 Treaty, The London moral principle and, loyalty despatch says this provides by deciding on b settleinent that relations will develop in of the questions of
the conformity with the print: Chinese Changchun Railway. ciples of equality and mutual Port Arthur and Dairen Intereats. As given in the which conforms to the pre. sent caditions. Is this not Peking version, it stipulates when I wrote it, and I don't mind clear? Are there still any that the two parties
the look of it now, grounds” for doubts?.....", The New China-News Agency commentary-after this revealing, reference to "doubts" goes on to say that the two great countries are now solidly united on-the basis of the new treaty and agreements, and invites: at- tention to their pain contents. The original Treaty conclud- ed on August 14,
single-handed
Your Wined.
tween Japan and the two great with utmost circumspection, tak- sea Powers of the Westing in every detail of changing I was rather pleased with this circumstances.
Position weakened
well will consult with each
.... Week in other in regard to all im-|
in Moscow
"Ont-June::28;, autworfe portant international pro- Before his homeward Journey Hitler's Invasion of Russia, blems affecting the common Matsuoka, Larried for a week in and officials of the Import
by the Trans-Siberian railway meeting of the Japanese Cab Interests of the Soviet Union Moscow. Ho had several Tong Household was held. and China, being guided by conversations both with Stalin found his position Immediately the interests of the con- and Molotov The only account kened. He had los face bes solidation of peace and we have of these is from the Cercatso he had not known of Hilties
man Ambasador Schulenburg, catino. universal security
who of course was only told what intention to attack Runsta The original 1945 Pact pro- the Russians and Japances whined spoke in favour of Joining Ger
-many but the majority: opinion! ided that nothing in the him to know,
was overwhelmingly assinae rumā should be so construed
Ale: Gloverrunent decided to adopt
Copyright reserved. Re- These many services and dis- World!
production, even partially in tinctions led to his appointment
command the any language, strictly pro carly in 1941 to
hibited German troops sent to Libya.". Un February, 12 he arrived with his Exclusive rights in Hong Kong
by the "China Mail." personal staff at Tripoli to cam
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