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RED MOVES
IN AFRICA
While Communist successes
in the Far East, particularly China, have recently been engaging the world's atten- tion, Moscow's determined permeation of other parts of the Empire should not be overlooked.
In their unwelcome respon- sibility for the Colonial Office, the Socialists have vaguely realised that the enormous mass of Africa, still largely
THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, JUNE 2, 1049.
PART II: THE CONSCIENCE OF HIS PEOPLE
THE MINDSZENTY STORY
Relations With Czechoslovakia
BY THE VERY REV. DR. NICHOLAS BOER
Good Morning
The Philippines
Government
Is adopting walt and seo atti- tude to Red China. Will or will not dance bands atli bu needed....?
The Head of the Soviet Secret Talice is Marshal Berin, and he loose- wure does berin lots of thinking comrades,
Now that the Dutch have sent that Lovink type out to Indone- ala all is swell.
From Behind the Curtain
In Munich people have been warned not to eat a brand of in chocbinte marked "Made Czechoslovakia" because it con-
spec.
who have lived for a thousand Hungarian minority problem, they thy Czech farmers h urgent} garian property was not suspend- be Cominformal....
After
frontiera
chor-
lont
Slovaks.
it in
"In our
The
started basic rights of Hctively the i
save -to
PROCLAMATION
Car-
*
In Lind
•
ono
at a
•
Bamo
an independent existence, but still presidential decree No. 88/1945. Czechoslovakia is entilled to sub-tains steel splinters. And need of the more mature This decree was only an excuse to mit the question to the Council of
suggests U.S. leadership of the Czechs. Others drag helpless Hungarian famille Foreign Ministers and apply for Businessman
to Shanghal on maintained that the Czecha were from the towns and villages in the the help of the Council towards a bring a tanker afraid of tackling the vexatious districts populated by Magyars final solution.
Oil to pour The lat of the Hungarians in
on the troubled Slovak question on the top of the (especially in the so-called Czni- difficult German problems. They lokoz) and carry them, without Czechoslovakia did not, however, waters, maybe.
rove after the
agreement on of Improve sex, age or state THE bonds between the Slovak thought therefore that by letting regard
of populations or
Scerns there is no need for a and the Hungarian peoplese Slovaks secupy themselven for health, to the Sudetenland. Here the exchange
In Shanghat consulate a while with the solution their they were practically soli into the signature of the Paris Peace Soviet
will now Relations the the "buyers" were Treaty. The confsention of Hun- any more. years in the same state are per- would postpone the clarification of
their relations to their Czech part need of Inbourers. haps even stronger. This co-
It was evi-ed; the Hungarians alrendy de- existence was quite smooth and ner and the realisation of Slovak dent that this was not the exent-porter to forced labour
in Boho-
Australia may aid Hong Kong. ambitions for Indopondence. After den happy until the beginning of the the Sudeten Germans had been ex- tion of
decree relating to pubile min were not brougth back. In If we get in a mess they can last century, and the roots of pelled there was a Kreat shortage works but a deliberate destruction addition to all this, Czech gen-always whare one up from Woo- the clash are to be found in the of manpower in Czechoslovakia; of the Hungarian minority. The darmes began to drive across the mera, ch?
Favourite plekmeup Hungarions age of awakening nationalism, the agricultural districts had to bo Magyar had lived mare or less in the River Ipoly the Slovakian whom the Hungarlan rule re-populated, and for this reason in single group along the Czecha- the Turkish
frontier and were authorities were not willing to popular democracles" la un tass the Hungarians were settled there Hungarian HungaronR
that found
as they were experts in agriculture, therefore deported. To this very accept at the regular frontier de copy. Their Josses barl been
Whatever political reasons we day the Hungarians forcibly set-posts beruse they were outshle
the Sudentenland lack the quots of the agreement on
Tranquillino Rovero was fined maus, before the Turks eme, might enumerate for the scattering tied in
kmuggling for schools
69,900 peros exchange of populations. Hungarians had formed 85 prof the fungarlaus in the Sudeten- Divine services,
or news- vent. of
In this terrible time of help-diamonds into Manila. the population; this land and their subsequent expul
After which it is presumed he was now reduced to a mirority slon, it must be stated that these Papers in their own language.
inhuman execution of this lessness when the foreign political of 40 per cent, On the linguistic steps, and even more the manner
was not such a placit traveller. the basic situation made it re-settlement, violating
impossible for the Hug
in which they were taken, were in human liberties, forced the Hun- the powerless Hungarian Govern- much ground to the Slovaks, 45-compatible with the demands of carian Government to intervene, ment to defend
"It isn't possible for a man to pecially around Kassa and Nyi-natural law and human liberties. Thus the
negotiations
dress so as to be Invisible," de- Arn. However, the Hungarian and
Nor wers they worthy of the which led to the signing, on Feb- dinal Mindszenty raised his voice clares a camouflage expert, He must be mistaken-0 to move the conscience of the Slovak propis lived peaceably and Czechoslovakia which had been res
ruary 27, 1840, of an agreement to move a truly democratic and
Slovak ever sees the bridegroom harmonisty side by side, and pected only in the midle of the last cen-humanitarian state in the West on the exchange of populations. Hungarian people, the tury, with the awakening of na-
Czechoslovak Government was opinion. On December 14, 1946, tionalism (which inciled in the and in Hungary alike by all be- According to this agreement the bishops at the warld's pubile wedding.
lievers ly true democrney. And permitted to repatriate from he addressed proclamation in Travels of Gullible (cantlhued). Hungarian and Slovak minds) did Czechoslovak Per
Catho- One of the nipped leaders rang the age of hate and misunderstand even if under the first Car wrak Czechoslovakia the same number the name of the Hungarian
tles to the Catholics of the world up Gullible one day and invited in begin. The Hungarian ruling the Hungarians had left much to of Slovaks in Hungary who ne-
voluntary
the Hungarians of him to a little siłynki, party, repatriation. class wanted to solve the assimilabe desired, it was Thomas Masa cepted a annexed
We the Slovakia. fo
The place was one of those re- this reproduce protocol nationalities by police,
of Czecho The
earmarked
arsenals, contained agreement
Proclamation, drawn up in Eng-paration under- tion of undeveloped, is of tremedous |and absorb the Slovaks into the makia, who expressed the real taking by the Czechs to suspen17 Jish, above his original
adminstrative and judicial methods ryk, the first President
sna- that the Miracle man had gone
Loft about. No wonder that by principles of his sinte in 1934 in a Magyars.
the expulsion of the Hungarians ture. importance to Britain and
When a lot of sakee had been 10th antipathy was so strong speech to a youth rally.
(n beverage of the rest of the Common-
OF HUNGARIAN CATHOLICISM sipped mang the Slovaks that they pre- country there is no place for any from Slovakia, the confiscation of
of the Suzalbat polency) many from a wealth, not only
Czechs also resettlement ferred to cast their lot with the "gressive force! The democratic their property and their forcible
FOR THE SAVING OF THE to pay social assistance clude the forcible solution of na strategic point of view, but Czechs. Unfortunately, after 1918 principles of our constitution ex-
HUNGARIANS IN SLOVAKIA bors came up and chattered 'to mistakes tional and religious problems, and to the dismissed Hungarian em-
"For weeks the newspapers of Gullible, sucking the "meme of as a source of raw materials, the former Hungarian
were continued by the
polleness out of the atmosphere. firm conviction that these ployees and the pensioners various
ideologies parlles
"We are all s-3-0 8-3-5-orry" foodstuffs in particular. With
day afte their usual vacillation when At the first Penn Conference principles guide the whole popula and been deprived of their livell have been rublishing
they kept on suying until poor Gullible's According dealing with a problem that received a much larger share of tion of the Republic towards true} hood because they were Hunga~ day reports concerning the dread- they head was in an awful
to therlans. The Hungarian Govern- and humanity.
ful ordicals and sufferings to which whiri, want with the sibilance Hungary than the does not involve organised Slovak patriots had ever dreamed be just to all its citizens. whatever this agreement promptly and in bouring Slovakia, have been ex-
ideals of our nation, this state must ment fulfilled its obligations under the Hungarians, living in neigh- und saxee. When he accidental- trade unionism, the present of. Ancient and purely Hungarian their social, economic, national or the fullest measure; it put at the posed as a consequence of cruel sank through into a heap
ly shifted the lid of a box and of DU- districts were included in this ter- intellectual standing." has British
The Hungarian government
disposal of the Slovaks in Hun- delal measures.
tomatic pistols they all thought gary every facilitation for their National Assembly also expressed
joke. produced no bold, overall plan ritory. Even recording to Czecho
it n tremendous
"GUR Disillusionment slovak statistics, seven hundred
voluntary return to Czechoslova- Hungarians for dealing with these valu-thousand
The Hungariana in Czecho- elt:zens, In this
humanity and deepest hatred with som
some strange able colonies, and has in fact Czechoslovak
ethe Czechoslovak
Government, which many of more than half own, that had to do with ban- On October 31, 1946, Clementis, miltion of the old and establish- called the Uusand-year old their new life after the war in the
quets or something during a war same time. settlements democratic atmosphere of the old the Hungarian Foreign Secretary, ed inhabitants have been treated hinted at the possibility that the on account of their nationality and
30% 22 Rhodesias
our so pleased," said and sad
Czechoslovak Government might their similation of liungarians began, brought a quick
to n might their Hungarian origin by a state here,
delightful cherry- out the carry ganyika.
Puls
of the bearing liberty and equality, blossom who was attending the General Smuts, from his! In the times of the first, truly de-illusionment. The majority
On | democracy, as mocratic Czechoslovak Republic, Hungarian men who returned from
Hungarians
molto on its flag. guests, "to hear our friends ul- 13, 1940,
"Hungarian the. Czech
ion Catholicism
cannol broad experience, has said when the Czechs played the leading the battlefields or from prison November
ways saying: '-s-sorry* Narodna Obroda,
of this they talk about the war....How that a regional defence pact is part in the administration of the camps, as well as those who had
treatment which violates both the re Slovak Nallonal Committees (or in Slovakia: We have the right tus
we have wronged them!" naturale and the Divine. tie skill of the Czech regime repre-
"Gull Liver," she whispered, esential for the African con- State, the humanitarian, demoern- stayed at home, wore sent by the out the fate of the Home/emain silent in vicus" tinent. It is also necessary, Isented a curtain counterpalse to the ganised in every district) to in-gelmilate the Hungarians and Rights of humanity. As we do "they mean they are 8-8-s-orry
and labour camps, to of the tornment however, to look at the dan-assimilation endeavours
means Into gers which lie within. The Slovaks. In these years the Slovak charged with war crimes. In the to turn Czechoslovakia by every hot possess a daily newspawer
committees the possible of these
a national our own, Hungarian Catholics they lost....thassall, leaders nourished the spirit of hate wake
As the Hungarians cannot were unable to give mutual and (Watch for next stirring cpl- population problem is one of
and revenge: they blued their time Slovak partisans who had fought state.
claim minority rights, our final concerted public expression in- in the resistance movement occu-
sode). til they should obtain full the most urgent, with num-
as "national commissioners' resort can be only the inner re- their just indignation. Several of Died the removo
the Hungarians our prelates, howeve
however, forestalling of bers rising at tremendous dependence, could
the
of the wealthier Hun- settlement esiates Czech "brako" and satisfy these
within Czechoslovakia." With economic the
Bishops, In the name of rates on limited areas of pro-
passions on the Hungarians. This garians,
statements-in heart-fell
sorrow our clergy and our believers, raise ductive land.
it is
is not surprising that, at the innumerable excesses and our voices in a cry for Justice. Republic. suffering and starvation will Czechoslovak
Tiso's Slovakia began. The small local tions
tyrants in these committees forced though according to the agree-injuries-at the time of the peace According to the Gospels, true Slovakla unleashed a Slovak nn- result unless a balance can
the
deportation more than twenty thousand Hun- ment
to the negotiations had appealed for the salvation is only possible when havo be struck between food and tionalism apported by Nazi arms;
dreams garlans to cross the border Into Sudetenland was to have ceased remedy of these injustices to the righteousness and peace it dazzled with fantastic
(Psalms, 85, people.
this nometimes still romantic and Hungary: they were only allowed on March 1, 1940, the Slovak Re-judgment of the whole world. To kissed each other."
settlement Bureau Issued con- dispel all doubts as to the stand-11.) passionate people. In order to avoid to carry luggage weighing fidential instructions on Novem-point and plea for help of Hun-
than a hundred
red pounds,
ber 4, 1940, under No. 12.771/1-garian Catholleism, we, the Hun- (To Be Continued Tomorrow) affronting this sentimental nation- more aliam immediately after his returne Confiscations of
property began.
1048 about President Benes, who took up his Dr. Juraj Krotkovszky and Dr temporary residence in Kansa on Stefan Iirabel, two Slovak legat Hungarians in Slovakia. his arrival in Czechoslovakia, de experts, published a book about ing to these instructions, armed
Under livered there in 1945 his memor these confiscations.
the forec must be used if
necessary the Sudetenland able speech. In this he declared Presidential Decree No. 180/1945, to deport to
the Hungarians
23 dia. of that the fundamental principle of 1,304 shops and industrial pre-
if they could not be sent the new Czechoslovak Republic mises. 5,484 dwelling-houses and track to Hungary under the apres- was: "Czechoslovakia is the state of Czechs and Slovaks and of no- body else."
First Task
Czech
became
1
ignored the desire for amal-territory which the Slovaks now slovakia had hoped to continuekin. We cannot say the same at Profound regrets at the in-ver" they afcknamed him
gamation expressed by the Slovak homeland"
Tan- through Slovak schooling the as- Czech Republic, Reality, however,
two
and
Thus
of
of
sap."
to
Widespread situation arrived with the second liquidation of the Magyars in such official and Press declara any others, complained in their garlan
Then there is the slowly in- creasing mistrust between the negroes and Europeans, large ly fostered by the Commun- Isls. Gaining confidence from its successes in Asia, Marxism is challenging what it terms the "allen intruder." It is not, however, coming out into the open as yet, but is following its familiar procedure of fomenting strikes, riots and disorders generally. Various
not
the "region" f
other buildings were ment of the exchange of popula- {
from the non-Slovak
within two years to May 31, tions. Paragraph 4 of the Instruc- 1947 within the present-day tions atated that the property of The constitutional steps taken Slovakia. The book, however, the resettled familes was to be
with the
cannot be denied after the speech at Kasna enabled
does not deal
decrees confiscated. It
that this further resettlement of tank in the new sinte the liquiin-Council under Nos. 124/1945 and not only a grave violation of the tion of the Hungarian minority. 04/1040 which provided for the The Czech leaders, forgetting the confiscation of democratic and humanitarian prin-
nationalist and anti-European the Slovaks to tackle as their first issued by the Slovak National', the Hungarians in Slovakia war
societies are being used, with disgruntled and power-seek- ing young men at their heads
who are natural fellow-travel- ciples and traditions of the Czech and forest promillal estates | exchange ogreement, but also a
the
Nor does very serious desecration of basle people which during the First Re- the book contain data about the human rights and the flouting of lers. If the foreigner were
public bad educated even the Han. ohops, houses and factories placed democracy which is fundamental-
of the ly bulli on self-determination. driven out prematurely, it garian minority in a democratic under the guardianship
Slovak authorities; their number the
The international clarification above the would leave a state of chaos, pirit, turned a blind eye on
properties
of the problem of Czechoslova- greed of Slovak nationalism which is much
which were confisented outright.kia's Hungarians was tackled for as in Burma, into which Rus-
nored the basic rights of
At the same time 28 sian nominees would readily humanity. According to ne mic strength of the Hungarians in Peace Conference. The Hunga- the econo- the second time at the Paris
step.
Czechs did this because they were
Jurian delegation demanded that Communism's promise of pleused to let the Slovak people Slovakin was destroyed the Hun-ea
Czechoslovakia should rostora the f
and ethnical repudiation of the colour bar prove by this rash and passionate garian schools were closed. Even
which position of the population was Magyar,
under the is one of its most potent at-solution that it was not yet ripe for in villages in which 80 per cent.
ence Treaty the use of the Hungarian tongue it accepted in 1910
Feace Trianon
and re- tractions for the younger
forbidden, and in many affirmed in the minority agree- been educated in England methods of farming are dras-vices were made Impossible. The 1919, in St. Germain, On the other (where they are invariablytically reformed and popula-Hungarian teachers and civil ser
A licence vants were dismissed.
asked authorisation from singled out for attention by tion increases slowed down.
was refused to Hungarian new the the Great Powers to transfer Red agents). Also, no small The Colonial Ofee may
papers and magazines. Worker two hundred thousand Hunga- part of Communism's success appreciate these problems, wile admitted to being of Hungarians from Czechoslovakia to Is that it appeals to the Afri- but because of their com-rian origin were disminged from Hungary. The pence conference
Iways and State fac-
refused both requests; on the other can sense of clandestine ad- plexity and the fact that they the State railways
torles.
Czechoslovakia, still
hand, clause
3 of the peace treaty venture, a link with the age are unlikely to have any in claiming to be a democratic state.
decreed the following: : old custom of secret societies fluence on the nextt.Generol
excluded the Hungarian popula
Ingio Hungary
enter into now banned...
Election, the Socialists seem lon from the electorate, Lack bilateral negotiations with Czech- The best way to counter to be doing very little indeed ing all protection, under law, the slovakia. In order to settle the
naturally lived in Marxism.In Africa is the to solve them. The peoples Hungarians
dent in Crochoslovakia who are same as everywhere else by of the Commonwealth should a state of constant fear, uncm problem of the Hungarians' resi- not to bo, transferred under the raising standards of living so realise, however, that unless anty and alarm. as to make the Western way steps are speedily taken, Systematic Persecution
men, come of whom have and can only be realised if was
places Hungarian religious ser- ment signed on September 10,
that Czechoslovak Govern-
agreement of February 27, 1940, of life more desirable than Africa .could badoane another. The climax of this systematie to Hungary.
2. In case no agreement is perpoètition was the forced settio. the Russian. This, however, China, in so far as a land-ment of Hungarians in the Bude-reached within six months from will take a very long time, slide of events-is-concerned. I tenland, begun on the basis of a the ratification of the peace treaty,
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