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TREATY FOR AUSTRIA Recent reports from Austria reveal a growing agitation for an end to the present four- power Occupation. The move- ment has been undoubtedly timed to coincide with the meetings of the Council of Foreign Ministers in Paris, and as such deserve attention, Banners bearing the slogan "Liberate Us From Our Liberators"
becoming familiar sights in Vienna, once the world's capital of gaiety,
are
and high Austrian Govern-
THE 'CHINA MAIL, MONDAY, BIAY- 30, · 1949,
PART I: “THE PRIMATE OF HUNGARY"
THE MINDSZENTY STORY
was
if any
Spokesman Of Liberty And Dignity
BY THE VERY REV. DR. NICHOLAS BOER
gime and to its ideological_op-
It
the
national and Hungarian raminea-
Good Morning!
It is understood that the KMT Hong Kong office is undecided whether to close down or "fight to the last man."
America's friends in China who got the gold dollar akd are now flocking back to the Staten to spond t
Baulked in their attempts to buy gold bullion; the cold yuan trillion- aires must either to get gold dolins or, Jettisoning their piles of useless paper.
a local banker, beconia (shudders!) Com- munists....Personally,
unworried.
нау
We Aro
The sorrowful figure you saw waving its banky nt Kal Tak as the plane vanished into the la tance was Simon the Simple... seeing his doughly opponent off at Inst.
first weeks after his enthronisa,Cross were sent home. This can the Hungarians to follow the road! Kourian public life it was the to us, Some loans seam to bo a
tion, not only to the great fac- tories and workers' dwellings, not only to the slums in the suburbs of the capital, but also to the Internment camps or- ganised on Nazi models which put to shame all human dignity and Individuality.
We du not Want 10 сп danger the serious
of this book by describing the circumstances of these post- 1045 internment camps and prir
all sons, which lacked
human hygiene and, even worse, all humane treatment of the prisoners. It is a fact, however, that C-
to the Government he must have
pressions,
been actuated by these deep im-
Logal Doubts
"The solution of this problem
the
than in 1944.
Church which
gave
taules....
•
*
Recon- Earnest
Chinese # the border
officer
said
"No,
.["
The Communists liberata while the Nationalists deliberate,
Althy and badly provisioned pri- in the countries where the falso the International movements ori- sons they will perish during the and fatally destructive ideas of ginated in 1944 in the interests of winter: this cannot be, the aim of the past had become more deeply Christian-Jewish co-operation. It the State.
and more widely rooted in the was not the fault of the Hunga- "I ask for a general measure rand-as in Germany and Italy-rian Catholic Church but of the that would bring Bublic reassur- the spirit of revenge and retalla Hungarian Government that Pro- ance. I am thinking of the flon had shown itself less violent fessur Ibrany), representative of CARDINAL Mindszenty looked suspension of sentences for a cer-
than in Hungary, He spoke with the Hungarian Catholics, was upon the whole Hungarian tain period, with the proviso that appreciation of the French, who, longer permitted
to attend tho the released prisoners though divided from the German Selisberg Conference only society as a great single unit,
To our meteorologists a thun- He desired to base his on affec- cannot fit himself into the changed by century-old controversles, had Jewish and Protestant Church re-derstorm is a "magnificent man
world during the suspension of shown a far more forgiving spirit presentatives tion, forgiveness, reconciliation
were given pass- festation of the drama, through his sentence or commits a fresh to the German war criminals than ports.
the extreme turbulence of the the crime, his parole should be with the Hungarian Government to the discuss in these pages the so-cali
would be difficult to and equality. He
upper air." Other poople ofton spokesman of the great demanda drawn. That this is possible iz
se furid language to describe of human liberty and dignity in shown by the fact that before the sentatives of the former re-ed Jewish question in its inter-
them too. ex-members ponente, His elections numerous Hungarian public life.
The Cardinal consider- tlons. But we need not hesitate warm heart took him in the of the Volksbund and the Arrow or that the time had come for
to express our conviction that in
So the Mendip has come back be also done in this case in the of forgiveness
and conciliation. higher national Interest,
His letter expressed the spirit and ove
bad risk in these uncertain times. the solution of the endeavour by whiel, in the circum-positive lend
nione not stances, the Primate desired to: question. Zionism
waiting Attempts by terrified of the capacity check the resurgent flood of anti- solution because Semitism In
Hungary
which Palestine to absorb Jewry is too passengers to stick themselves to cannot be ignored or postponed seemed to be even more dangerous small. According to the experi- to airport cafeteria's floor with for the following reasons:
It is true that in ences of history, assimilation could lumps of chewing gum are frowned 1. The cases of the prisoners 1944 anti-Semitiam manifested it. nct produce the necessary results upon by the Managemont. offer some legal doubts. It is self in a damnable, inhuman and certainly not in Central Europe,
All difficult to find the legal basis for barbarian way, but this was due where the possibilities were res-
this tit-for-tat business contents these sentences.
The
Criminal
which tricted. The solution is, there--
with Russia seems to lead us into Dode of Hungary (1878: V) de to an illegal Government
had no real link with the Hungar-fore, the education of Christian
a Vishinsky circle.... * clares in its first clauso:
"Only those actions are criminal which people and was under pressure society in a truly humanitarian spirit; the nations from a foreign power. The peo and Christian the law declares
Armadealer Acheson, to respect human be such. Nople who approved of this nation must be led one can be punished for a crime were an insignificant minority of dignity, renouncing all racial and structional Robert, and ar misdemeanour except by the Hungarian
soclety, composed religious discrimination. The Ernie are now indulging in a penalty laid down dinal Mindszenty, by his nice existing before the crime or mis origin' who had never really - sands of years the fore-runner or with Artful Andiel, tho. Red hope by the law mainly of intellectuals of German possibility that Jewry, for thou-slugfest of diplomatic dalllance ected visits which could not be demeanour was committed. In come assimilated by the llungar- the Christian faith, may find its of the Polliburo, prevented by the local authorities, these спяев the law has been ian majority. But now an abres way to Christianity should be was able to acquire personal ex- pertences about the fate of those. Justice and law de not phere developed especially after nourished; but the realisation of When asked whether he would permit that men and women should the mass internments, imprison- social pence, the crushing of the like to meet Hong Kong's roin- suffering in them. When he re-
ments and very frequent death
spirit of hate and revenge, mus tercements, peatedly appealed on their behalf be sentenced for actions which
were not e breach of human or sentences which began to awaken be achieved. Kalman Moinar,
***** Acros of their anti-Semitism in the broad
professor of constitutional law at commisalon. divine law at the time
masees of the people. This may the Peter Pazmany University 2. Democratic principles do be partly accounted for by the once delivered a lecture in the The new Hungarian Govern-
fact that after the "liberation" the Holy Cross Association with the ment officials have openly ment had arrested hundreds and not permilt people to be sentenced
key position of social and public title: "Hungarian Society and the voiced the threat that they thousands of people and charged merely because they were
members of some party.
life were occupied mainly by Fascist Persecution of Jews." In "3. It cannot be denied that those who will disregard as null and crimes. This was their method of
had suffered in the suffered German
the this lecture he expressed the atti- concentration camps of tude of Hungarian Catholism in
Numbers might be tattooed on void the provisional Occupa-striking at the Hungarian muddle- Hungarian Jewry has
But Instead of Dachau, tion agreement should the class, which nourished a national tremendously.
Mauthausen, etc. and this grave and dificult question the wrists of Hong Kong Citizens consciousness, These prisoners ignoble revenge we
for easy identification, by the must begin lost many relatives there. Before whi war-time allies fail to draft a
reconcillation. It must be the war the Jews were a dominant which is so puzzling in its get on / Government Tattoolst. were guilty only according to true
tence, especially peace treaty.
Communist, non-Hun- considered that for six or eight factor mainly in economie life; but ethnographical
perhaps in Russian
melting-pot of Karion ideas. That is why the months these unfortunates have
now they gained preponderance Central Europe. "Let us at last Nationalists claim that the next an end Professor Molnar major clash between Communist an empty ring, they neverthe-Ricaz, Minister of Justice. In if any, in often verminous, win-well.
The Hungarian Jews had said, all the mutual recrimina- and "Government" forces will less reflect a morally justi- this he asked that the sentences dowless, cold places, with pract-bec
become
the leading group not tions which of anti-social ically uneatable food. flable sentiment on the part and war crimes should be su
Hunan. am, Mr. Minister, your, etc., only in the Government itself but fire and delay the needful recon.
The population there is of a hapless country. Three
Joseph Mindszenty.
and lllation. We must find not only hurriedly preparing banners especially in the police pended for a certain time.
within the police in the political each other's hand, but
other's welcome. each other & years after the end of the war, letter could not be interpreted as
Cardinal, Primate,
branch and the Peoples' Courts. heart as well; for the Archbishop of Esztergom.
time of And this had a
effect, Austria is called on to sup- referring to the murderers who
very bad "Esztergom, January 5, 1946." had committed racial massacres,
The com- yet over." trials is not and tended to focus the resent-mon trials and tribulations caused Fellows who drive with one port some 250,000 foreign who were guilty of crimes against Naturally the Communist re-
happy soldiers.
to exploit the ment
DEVAS by who
broad by the Communist themselves divine and human laws; for the gime was
among the
regime have hand are usually headed for a never thought of spending sentences passed on these had been crimes of recent years committed masses by prests, Internments certainly helped this mutual un-church aisle.
sentencesderstanding. The national
The nationalisations,
Some will walk down it. Others more than a year in a country mostly executed. This letter only by Hungarian Nazis and others, and unjustly severe
denouncing and vastly applied to "minor criminals" still
upon the Jews alone. The event ters By
Individual will be carried.
whole too poor to support itself, far languishing in internment camps: gerating these, they were able to which took place in Kunmadaras cronome lat
ing of economic initiative, the wh national self-assurance
in the spring of ideology of class warfare which liberties in the interest of every and Diosgyor less the additional "visitors" was intended to serve the pacl- dent the
national proletarian ideas. When toms of the trend In the pubile har, originated have been just as the patience to walt for the lessons the nation. Here is the letter: "Mr. Minister,
the Hungarian Primate chastised mood. Two classes of Hungarian heavy blows to Jewish society as of history and for time to achieve "In the name of the Hungarian
the crimes of the prosent, they
peasants and the fac- the religious persecullons society, the
havo
ave its work must already real
realise fact that It tory workers, had in the
the almost entirely free from the been to Hungarian Christians; from the facts that it was in the Bench of Bishops I urge that some suppressed the
past been mitigating slep be taken in the was his Imprisonment by
sin while the whole Hungarian com- interest of the Com
Communists and interests of those who have been
And now the munity has been harmed and in-
not In the interest of Jewry to from doing more sentenced within our country for azis that had provented him of anti-Semitism.
against the peasant of Kunmadaras and the sulted by the trampling on human charge the Cardinal
To-day crimes of the past. His words the factory workers at Dlosgyor liberties.
Hungarian Semitism and to alienate him anti-social and war crimes.
were received and commented upotriots. These events caused deep dinal Mindszenty was its protec-proof of the foregoing conclusions
started serious and sanguinary Jewry must see clearly that Car-from the
Jows. There is full as if ho dofonded the Fascist achievements of the present, and earnestly, cong all those who were for not only when he appealed to in the letter which the Cardinal- the Hungarian Government for a Primate addressed to Ferenc rian foreign policy and for the general amnesty in the interest of Nagy on August 1, 1940: of "democracy."
After this letter a series of spiritual recovery and pacification social reconciliation, but OVEN unprintable attacks were launched of Hungarian society. Among more when he championed human (To be Continued tomorrow) in the Government and party these serious and responsible fac- papers against tho Cardinal- tors the Catholic Church and Primate. He was accused of Primate Mindszenty were the first trying to save the Nazla" and of to endeavour by every possible "anti-Semitism." The Communist means to quell the passions being ideology needed for the develop unleashed in Hungarian society; ment of class warfare to frustrate for though this dangerous temper any possibility of the various was only simmering, it might social classes achieving peace, easily lead to tragic developments. unity and understanding.
Brotherly Understanding
thern with anti-social and war
Although these threats have Primate wrote a letter to Stephen suffered amply for their crimes, in other branches.of public load to all ty pour oil on the take place at Chuchow in Central
of those accused
This
ment caused
the
of
of
Three years after the so-call-Acation of the general mood of and propare the ground for inter 1948 wore sad and startling symp- | the Communist totalitarian stale | Hungarian citizen. Whoever has
ed Liberation, Austria finds it- self divided into four zones with as many different sets of rules and regulations. Three years after the war, the once gay and carefree Aus- trians are bitter, not only towards Russia, who bears the
balance.
15
to be feared that in the unheated,
main responsibility for the state treaty. They have all present state of affairs, but started out promising and also toward the Western have all ended in failure, due Allies, who are slowly but to Soviet procrastination and surely disrupting the coun-refusal to settle such issues as try's economy to such an ex- the question of German assets. tent that even Marshall aid Russia's attitude that all has failed to act as a counter-property belonging to Ger- mans at the end of the war Tucked away in the should be classified as Russian centre of Europe, Aus-
1
reparations is as ridiculous as triu has often been called it is impossible. This would the heart of the old con- place the entire country tinent. It occupies a strategic | Íock, stock and barrel-at the position which has become disposal of the Soviet, as Aus- more and more emphasised as tria as a whole was occupied Russian influence has advanc- and possessed by Germany. ed. A glance at the map Yugoslavia's claim that the shows that Austria is the last South Eastern part of Car- bulwark against Communism inthia should be returned to
despised the
in those torri-
in Eastern Europe. Surround- | her is equally absurd. The Primate did not defend the mur fototh which oly Cross As-}
Austria.
tion
in
This violent Press campaign provided a good opportunity to fan the flame of resentment and The Hungarion Catholic Church, Justified sorrow that was burning under Cardinal Mindszenty's in the hearts of Hungarian Jewry leadership, left no stone unturned after the inhuman persecutions of to lead Hungary along the path the past. This, in turn, helped to of reconciliation and brotherly net the Jews-who had found their understanding. That is why the only protector ble days in the Catholic Hungarian Catholic Church at Church against Catholiclem and tached such great Importance to
work of the Its lenders. Tho Hungarian
took special care ing her are Czechoslovakia in
area in question was handed derers, but the minor criminals, of Catholic converts. It was an the North, Hungary in the to Austria after the first world
the little men led astray by the important organisation not only in past regime, the innocents who end and lamentable days of East and Yugoslavia in the
war on the basis of a free and
the had been interned because of somes 1944 but even more. so South. These countries form a League of Nations supervised individual's vindictiveness or be period following the "liberation." formidable pincer around plebiscite. Throughout the
cause the Communist Party re- The chief patron of this associa quired their homes, houses or cars.
don was Endre
Hamvas, Bishop years that clapsed between Neither did he maintain that these of Canad, who had given so much Russia so far has obstinately the two world wars, the popuwero free from guilt; he only herole help to Jews and Catholle most prominent refused to make any major lation of the region in ques- pointed out that, in the interests converts. The of national reconelllation, the der Sik, the
Hungarian converts-like Alexan- concessions that could have tion has never shown the men who had already suffered for
of the provincial Icad to a compromise settle-slighest desire to join their their real or imaginary crimes Piarists, William Juhasz, the well- brethren across the should be given back to society the work of the association to- ment among the Big Four. For Slav
known journalist, ote, shared In that at least the wounds of the "reasons of security," Russia border. Tito's sudden concern
community might be healed and gether with the most distinguish- has refused to show the may be touching, but hardly healthy circulation of the nation's cd men of Catholic birth, such as slightest intention at wishing right and justified.
blood made possible.,
the university professors Kalman Molnar, Michael Mora, Franels Ibrany, For a year. I was the association chaplain, and I can always considered social testify that its alm was not only peace and conciliation in neigh the rallying of converts and the bourly love se his first aim. After provision of rellalour consolation persecutions and writing to the Minister of Justice in the times of he wddressed another letter, the trials but also the
promotion of text of which had been decided spiritual understanding and unity upon at the Bishops Conference withis, Hungaria society of Jewe on July 20, to Farene Neon and Catholic
an
to arrive at a settlement, as The Foreign Ministers of) the successful conclusion of the United States, Britain, Austrian peace treaty Russia and France are expect- would deprive the Kremlin ofed to take up the Austrian the excuse for maintaining question during their present Red Army units in Hungary, meeting in Paris. It is hoped Rumania and Bulgaria, ** that the Messrs. Acheson, Up to the present, more Bevin, Vishinsky and Schu- than 100 meetings have been man will find the answer at held between the Big Four re- last to a problem that cries for presentatives on the Austrian ▪ solution.
He
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August 1940, calling for en wish of Ure Gardinal-Primate, the CENTRAL RADIO & ELECTRIC COMPANY.
aral amnesty. In this letter he asociation, therefore joined in the reminded the Prime Minister, that i work of the Oxford Conferenos of
Hewison, Fang satu ini. 50824.