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GOVERNMENT
REFORM
THE CHINA MAIL, WEDNESDAY, MAY 25, 1949.
PART I: "THE PRIMATE OF HUNGARY"
THE MINDSZENTY STORY
matters of
Politics In Hungary
BY THE VERY REV. DR. NICHOLAS BOER
appearance of this kind of opposi, Father Balogh was a willing tool nahieved in Hungary, To support tion was very opportune for the of all these manoeuvres in the this view we might quote state- Government netien. It believed Communist interest and thus ments made by Eugene Kerkai, a that it offered a way of dividing strengthened Cardinal Mind- Jonuit father (who has been oppositional public uplaton. The szenty's view that no compromise arrested recently). Father Korkul priestly habit of Father Balogh, was possible with Communism and was the leader of the KALOT, the the determined interest shown by the Communist Party, that there Catholic Peanant Youth Movement his party and is newspapers in could be na "tactics," no "realist in Hungary. Barankovics's Demo- Church polley might policy: for every agreement with cratic Peoples' Party based ite Harve, the Government thought, to the Communista, as In their organisation mainly on this move away the greater part of Catholle foreign policy, only represented a ment. When the KALOT colebrated public opinion-if not towards the stage In their ciforts to attain ita toath anniversary, the repre Left, at least to a point where it their final goal-total domination, sentatives of the Russian Peasant IT IS possible that at the 1947 might become tolerant towards
It remains to examine why the celebration, and
Youth Movement attended the elections the
Government's altitude Hungarian the
Father Korkal of Catholle masses would have
in suspicious of the leaders of the Hungarian Bench great numbers for the Freedom Church. The task of Father Balogh Blahops was constrained to withde a peech, in which he said
us nec clearly that eternal Party, but we do not think that Catholic public opinion; to Craig Barankovics, who fled from time will
and his party was to divide hold support from the Democratic Christianity expresses also
Peoples Party, led by Stephen
the the Hungarian Bench of Bishops if possible-differences among
wholely valid social truths. The
come when Socialism would have made any exception the bishops and thereby facilitate gary in January 1948. This party will strengthen its own rent on behalf of this party or agreed the realisation of the Government's
appeared in public life as rope truths with the Divine Truth, senting a Christian ideology. The when the great revolutionary age to its support.
plana as to Church polley.
Magyar Kurir, #1 semi-official can unite with the Social Church, Catholic newsletter, published on and the finest hour of Mankind August 26, 1947, a declaration by
voted
Public Opinion
and
There
Is
Good Morning
That fellow you see gesticulat- ing in front of the mirror is the Generalissime trying to persuade himself to go back to Canton to take over the leadership of the nation again.
Reader wants to know why the Communists keep on whipping the Nationalists.
Easy-they are all known to be good marxmen,
"Mr.-hus
·
ነ
recovered from visit to relatives in Macao." there.
Hospitable lot, the types down
kok."
-
Pilot at Kal Tak: "The only weather trouble 'I had was over the Himalayan, That happened while I was approaching Bang- Have any navigation_trouble? The most useful creature earth is the hen: you can eat it before it is born just as well as after it's lead.
•
on
"I have tried everything, but the shrill squeaking of mice in the larder continues," complains
housewife.
She might try waiting till their voices break.
You may have forgotten this one.
Says Mrs. Jones to Mrs. Robinson at the
concert, "That was the Prelude to Lohengrin."
"Nothing of the kind." retorted Mrs. R.. "It was the Overture to Tannhauser, but the programme en the wall- make sure." "We were both wrong," said
"It Mrs. R., returning. was the
No Voice
Barankovica's
Peoples'
permission
Party from the
13
According to the advance notice, the Reform Club of Hong Kong, which aspires to represent all sections of the
well known that the it was community, was last night to
Primate demanded from the par- have announced its consider-les which appealed for the con- ed plan for a new and im-fidence of the Catholle masses an
the Church authorities, according may arrive," to which in various districts of proved form of government. unbending loyalty of faith and a
The judgment of the hierarchy the country the Cardlaal-Primate's Members generally reiterat most consistent party leadership. and the suspicions of Catholic name has been used in the election
campaign. ed their support of the Lan-nust members of the for-public opinion were equally justi-
St Darty," mor Christian Democratic Peoples' fod at the time of the great divid went on, which proclaims liscif received Party. dale plan and appealed to
under the leadership of citizens not to be misled by Count Joseph Pairty, had joined g test, the debate on the nation- the authorised representative of National Committed to begin its
Refrain from Spitting." the political activities only a few days Hungarian Catholicism and alisation of church schools, Stephen embodiment of the long-awaited before the municipal elections in the Freedom Part el masse. the Chinese reformists' de- They took a firmly Christian and ent-though he
Balogh's party remained indiffer-
I hope the FBI and the wlich- hirrself voted great ideological movement. After Budapest and a faw weeks before mand for a Municipal Coun- uppositional sland against the
hunters aren't looking over my cil as originally proposed by Coalition Government right from against the bill-leaving it to the the clear and unequivocal state the general elections. Having no
conscience of its members as toment of the Hungarian Bench of local organisations, no newspaper, shoulder. Draw the blinds Myrtle, the beginning; but the Freedom whether or not they
confounded typewriter Bishops this repetition seems to it could not attempt to take part for this Sir Mark Young. There was however, a basic split on who Party which they joined was com- the bill. During the parliamen- be superfluous.
But In order to in the elections. The party had to will persist in
"Untied writing posed of many heterogeneous
helentus tary debate of this bill the attitude prevent the confusion of Individ-be satisfied with setting up a few States and sumpin' tells me,
by of the Balogh Party was un-unis, it must be stated emphatically candidates on the lists of the babe, dat's un-Amurican!
bill became law it was he who, in Hungarian bishops which questionably dubious. When the that the position taken up by the Smallholders Party (in Hungary
is a election is by proportional repre- "He was voted
outstanding per- the pages of his Gally, organ, united decision of the Bench of sentation on country-wide party former of the school sports as a Magyar Nemzet, launched the Bishops and its head-romains lata), thereby making it possible result of his brilliant oratory in sharpest attacks against the person unchanged. Any claim opposed to for several leaders of the KALOT the 440-yard race in which he
win seats in the dethroned Roger Adams." of the Cardinal-Primato, Father this even a hint or insinuation organisation to
made by whatever party, 18 Hungarian Parliament. In the
173 της Talk him right out of it? Balogh blamed Cardinal Mind szenty for the loss of the religious
arbitrary
unfounded." It comparatively short-lived Parlia schools to the Church and for the cannot be denied that this statement elected in 1945 two members, After his bath a seven-year-old failure to achieve the desirable
ment referred to The
Eckhardt and Alex- boy was being dried by his mo so-called Alexander
somewhat too efficiently pence between Church and State. Democratic Peoples Party, which anden Balint (both university pro- ther This behaviour was contrarre a whispering campaign all over
before the
the 1947 elections started essors), represented Barunkovica's for his ilking. only to the spirit of
Peoples'
Party, having neceded "Don't rub to hard, please,"
to protest. "Just blot me,"
should form the electorate.
Mr. da Silva championed the school which maintains that only British nationals should be allowed to vote, as happens in other parts of the world, while Mr. Bernacchi sponsored the view general
the Chinese, among there should be no taxation without representation-as in other parts of the world.
that
elements and was those members of Parliament who
had been expelled from the Small- holders Party, and among whom every shade of political and ideological opinion was represent
voted for
-
Nor could the Hungarian Bench of Bishops support the Hungarian Independent Party, which was actually headed by a Catholic priest, Stephen Balogh. Stephen Balogh, whom Hungarian public opinion knows as "Father Balogh," was the parish priest of a suburb obedience but also to the religious the country, declaring that it was from the Smallholders' Party after said the sufferer, moved at length of Szeged, the Szeged, the second
Catholic duties of a priest. Its the party of Hungarian Catholies, their election.
Those circles who were familiar largent elty of Hungary. He had purpose was to compel the Church, supported in its ideology by the
"In Victorian days, every meal with the ideas of the Catholic taken part in politics within the by way of submission and com- Cardinal-Primate himself. It was Smallholders Party
any promise, into support of the anti-as a
was opened with a grace," says hierarchy knew that according to years. When the Russian troops Father Balogh's behaviour forced this panty
Church
activities
Communism. campaign that, of
a clergyman. there no pro- this hierarchy
were five
Nowadays it's circumstances determining the tin-opener. occupied the Eastern
for many
and
result of thin
at the which had
octiona
Hungary. It was Father Balogh his bishop, Endre Hamvas, to re-paganda machinery, newspaper, iro
call him fron political life ints transport, or even the necessary character of a party of Catholic
of
done
with
Д
the and the problems con-
this
Isotope: Anatom direction of the probe your anatomy, In matters
of faith,
with them and obey
that
can
them to
and
Repubilean leaders in Washing- ton are trying to abolish rent
voters in the cities, are notoriously infested with tenants.
Obviously there is na facile solution, and many eager people are going to be disappointed, whatever Sys tem may be adopted. If the Chinese in Hong Kong were a definite minority and were
who came to na agrement. In the service, when he refused number of candidates, was return ideology: (1) It must acknowledge name of the Smallholders' Party, to obey this
spirituai the ho was ed as the second largest parly of SUMMORA certain to remain such, there
with Joseph Revai, representing might be no objection to en- the Communists, and with Ferenc suspended from the exercise of his the country after the Communists.
ecclesiastical function.
Father who Erdel, representing the National Balogh persisted in his deliberately Bench of Bishops refuse to sup direction; (2) it must be recognis
Why did the Primato and franchising every one
Peasant Party. This agreement, confusing activities; he wrote part, this party?
Especially after had lived here long enough which was known in Hungarian ve articles in his Magyar Nemzet, WPR in their letter, addressed; ut least tacitly, by the author-controls. This will hardly endear
Being in an political to pay taxes,
"the handclasp Ilfe as overwhelming majority, they Szeged," became the basis of the critically entitled "I accune ed to the Prime Minister. Fereneities as such; (3) its programme
low myself," trying to prove his great Nagy-which we have reproduced must be permeated by
Catholle which (4) the morai obviously have a right to be Coalition Government that follow-services to the Church and thereby above-n one of the grievances acology; represented, but this being the liberation" of proving indirectly the injustice of of the Church that it lacked an religious life of its lenders must
Balogh bocane Stephen British territory they do not Under-Secretary of State in the Church sentence passed upon ideological party which could ex-be in harmony with the spirit
him. He went so far that when press politically the ideas of the and
and direction the Church; (5)
of have a right to dominate its Prime Minister's office; and it was Msgr. Czapik. Archbishop of Eger, Catholle Church?
it must separate itself both in- due to his political skill and diplo visited Rome in October 1948,
wardly and outwardly from tenets affairs.
In order to understand the opposed to revealed dogma and| Mr. Marcus da Silva hadacy that the ablp of the Coniltion
Government was able to ster Father Balogh contributed to the
Swiss newspaper Die Tot Loit, under the article on the
long situation we must rolurn to the must refrain from co-operation In a good point when he spoke steadily to the
relations of the autumn of 1946 and the spring matters of principle with parties of the modern belief that a directions of its Communist helms Vatican with the Eastern states: of 1946, when, under the provi- and ideologies opposed to the
Mail, over the stormy seas of
government, article, the slonal country and its inhabitants frungarian public opinion. When According to this
Hungarian Church. taken over by a foreign con- the Government of Ferenc Nagy Holy See had changed its attitude political life began fresh in the towards the Eastern democracies. city of Debrecen. The resistance queror in the past should now the leader of the Smallholders The animadversions of the anony against the Germans had united official Church authority began
Party) was removed it seemed that mous achieve independence, as in the position of Stephen Balogh had mous writer were based on a nows the Smallholders' Party, the Social discussions about these conditions item reproduced in the world's Democratic Party, the Peasant in order to provide a meeting place the case of India, the Philip also bocome
precarious.
Prose, based on д горог! from Party (which consisted
for the Church authorities and tho mainly of for the pines etc., but emphasized | Smaliholders' Party had to aalogh Archbishop Capik had brought tives of the
rid Budapest, according 10 white intellectuals) and the representa- Cathelle manses in the elections.
Communist Party. However, was forced to leave his position from Rome a "modus vivendi, a Those were then joined by the re- reached during these discussions. in the Premier's office. But junt before the 1947 elections he man proposal by the Vatican to send presentative of the Catholic and The Catholic masses know nothing aged to emerge once again from a temporary nuncio to Hungary social organisations, Count Joseph about this; they considered the temporary obscurity and was able, in order to settle the pending Falffy. After obtaining the ap-statement of the Church authori by forming
pseudo-opposition questions of the relations between proval of the Primate, Justinian tien quoted
Seredi
Count Palffy announced to tactical gesture, Ninely per
cent party, to render the Coalition Gov. Church and State, while simultan- ernment useful
ously Cardinal Mindszenty, as the Committee of Resistance that of the Barankovics Party's candi- Cardinal of the Curls, was to be he was attending its discussions dates were elected as representa- summoned to Rome. The Magyar as
of the lives of Hungarian Catholicism Nemzet, Father Balogh's papar, Christian Democratic Peoples' and Its long-awaited political
Was party,
that Hong Kong was only a barren rock when the Bri- tish took it over, and that the Chinese flocked here after British rule had been estab-
lished.
There is much to be said for the claim that the na- tionals of a foreign..country
of its heavy ballast; Stephn
Bervices.
The
The
the
Representative
cannot possibly be electors in pared to be represented by reproduced in its issue of October Party. This those present, and
Before the 1947 elections a semi-
agreement
above da 7
WAS
purely
BACK SHORTLY AWAY TO THE CONFERENCE
It is prudent to insure rather than to tako
chance it will never happen to you.
INSURANCES
the land of their adoption 100 per cent British subjects, 31 long extracts from the artiels duly noted by
published by Dis Tat, quoting the after the "liberation" Zoltan Tildy unless they obtain naturalisa- and this together with the tealimony of a Right Wing Swiss (later Prime Minister and Freal (To Be Continued Tomorrow)
Arpad tion. It is surely a fair.com- Governor's right of veto paper as proof that the Hungarian dont of the Republic),
(the present Hend of ment that any Chinese who might safeguard any loss of Catholic Church, having reached Szakacita
an impasse, could only escape from the
Hungarian Stato), Julius wishes to live here perman- sovereignty and form a com- this situation along the path ro Kallai and Imre Xovnes gave a ently and desires to vote promise basically acceptable commended by Stephen Balogh. written confirmation. When politi should apply for naturalisa- to both sides. It is well The Neue Zuricher Nachrichten, cal life re-started in
Debrecen, however, declared that Stephen Count Joseph Palffy was
unable tion. If they want to retain known that there is no ques- Balogh had succeeded in planting to be present as he was caught in one foot in China, that is tion of full self-government, the report of this "modus vivend" besieged Buda and therefore could their affair, but they can and that our ruling body for tu. Die Tat and that the Swise not ask permission of the occup- paper had become the dupe of ying power to organise the party. hardly expect to monopolise a long time to come must be Balogh's machinations. Tw alm After much delay and procrasti the affairs of this Colony. on a colonial pattern, with of this trick-according to the nation, only a few days before This is not to suggest that limited powers for both clee- November 19 issue of the Noue the 1045 elections, the National Nachrichten-wa to Committee of Budapest gave per- their
There Zuricher Interests should be torate and elected.
mislead the Hungarian Catholics; mission to Stephen Barankovics however, be no neglected. On the contrary, must, it is vitally necessary that grounds for racial strife at inform them through a foreign to start party-also under the
burco
that their Primate had name of Christian Democratic the favour of the Vatican, Pooples' font
Party.
Now Stephen the Chinese population is this time."
and thereby cause strife and mis. Barankovica had been expelled by adequately represented In The split in the Reform trust in the ranks of Catholics, Count Joseph Pality, the President any reformed legislature. Club, of which such high The Hungarian bistrops had no of the original Christian Demo- cratic Pooples' Party. This Mr. Bernacchi was urgent- hopes were held, was high-means of correcting these false ly insistent that there must
rumours through the
only express Tildy; he wanted to transfer the be no racial discrimination, can expect either a break their opinions in pastoral leitors or lendership of the Christian Pro- with its inevitable resultant away of dissident bodies to through the Catholic Press Bureau, plos Party into the hands of
But the news issued by this bureau Stephen
Barankovics, wh
who was bitterness, especially at such form stronger separate units was not published by the news far more Left than Pulffy in his a crucial moment. The Chin- or. the gradual dissolution of papers, and later the bureau opinions and for loss intransigent,
"
lighted last night, and one radio; they could Press or martoouvre was the work of Zoltan
cso who are interested in the present body. From a felf was closed down by the Gov- | he was known in Hungary is one of taking part in the conduct of more immediate viewpoint, erament. 'our public affairs feel that we anticipate most undesir
they have all been promised | able results from some of
Declaration
the leaders of the so-called pro- gressive Catholics and had adopted the ideal of the French "Mouve ment Repubileon Populaire." He thought that in the political aitara- tlon ervebed 'inside the country by
a voto under the original Mr. do Silva's remarks re- Municipal Council scheme, garding Chinese citizens. Ho
On November 4, 1048, the Hun- the armistice and with the polley -and-it-could- in fact-have had some good-points, as we garian Bent of Bithops fared then being pursued by the foreign highly inflammatory results have said, but others of his a declaration which proved to the bowery, Hoogary mighty bo "the and bridge, ba- if they were now to be dis statements will do material whole world that the rumours of connecting link appointed.
damage to good relations in aion were intre and only tween West and East; that the rerved the purpose of forcing the grost synthesis between Christ- "It seems that they are pre- I the Colony;"
Elongarian, Charch - io her knqsa, lanity, and · Bosiallem could - bel
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