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071
THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, MARCH 22, 1949.
WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS: THE SECOND BOOK
General
THEIR FINEST HOUR
Situation In Spain
By Winston Churchill
thu'anno paunes.
to stick to his method with na- tions, "One by One."
Thus by subtlety and trickery
and blandishments of all kindİN Franco succeeded in tlding things over and keeping Spain out of the war, to the inestimable advantage of Britain when Al10 Was n alone.
Greces was invnded by Mussu-
Good Morning!
A "very comfortable week-end offered for sule bungalow" is "opposite the San Miguel' Bre- wery." Or could be transformed Into attractive beer garden?
Rucket and atom war-you've
unan-
On May 17, 1940, after the German break-through in France, Mr. Churchill offered Sir Samuel Hoare (now Lord Templewood) the embassy in Madrid. In this instalment The surveys the situation in
"Soviel Bass." Yes, I know. Spain with which the Ambas- different outlook arising from armed forces on his side in a
American woman holds kite sador was subsequently faced.
European campaign against Great On August & the German Am Britain. Mussoliul dilated on his lui on October 28, 1948, and Gen-ying record. Nationalist govern- Lasnador in Madrid informed Ber-plans for the conquest of Egypt. eral Metaxas invoked the British ment ofleats are reported to be Franco's policy in that the Caudillo still held the titler offered him special units for throughout the war was entirely same view, but that he had cer-this attack.
quarantee given 18 months earlier Teen with envy. zelfish and
cali-blooded.. Hetain requests to make.
Mursilini did not by Mr. Chamberlian, Mr. Churchill First, the think he needol them, at least replied with a promise of "all had it before you've heard it. thought only of Spain
and assurance that Gibraltar, French before the final phase. Spanish interests. Gratitude!
the help our power." Morocco and part of Algeria, in- On the Russian question Ilitler Hitler and Mussolini
A PANT from for cluding Oran, should be given to remarked:
few air pad- "It
песеЗангу to
Walklog Into the house entered nover
rona, a British mission and per nounced, he saw Butch, Mickey and Ifs Spain, together with various ex realise that my distrust of Stalin haps some token troops we had dining in rather boisterous in- head. Nor, on the other hand, did pansiens of territory In he bear any grudge to England Spanish African colonies.
the is equalled by his distrust of me." nothing to give; and even the formality. From "Elsenhower for the hostility of our Left-wingunte military and economic am in a short time to Berlin, and it
Ade-In any case, Molotov was coming trifles were a painful subtraction Was My Boss,"
from parties. This narrow-minded tyrant Lance would also be necessary, bo- would be the Fuehrer's task to lighting in the
ardent
by Kay Sum. projects nirently mersby. enly thought about keeping his caure Spain had anly enough grain direct Russian dynamisin towards Ona nallent strategle fact leaped
Libyan theatre. On Blets of solocimm...........? ther war. They had had enough blood-drained people out of an-
for eight months,
India,
out upon u-Crete! The Italiana) The Issue million men had been
On October 23 Hitler went all must not have it. We must got it slaughtered by their
the way to the Franco-Spanish first-and at once, Finally, Franco felt that the frontier at Hendave to meet the brothers' hands. Poverty, high prices and intervention of Spala should
not Spanisli dictator.
A Prize hard times froze, the stony penin: take place until after the German Spaniards, instead of being fat- sala. No more war for Spain and landing in England. "In order to tered by his condescension, de-onent Mr. Eden
it was fortunate that at this no more war for Francul Such avoid too premature an entry into manded, according to Hitler's se
was in the were the commonplace sentiments the war, and thus a duration which
Mdle East, and that I thus had count to with which he vowed and met the awful convulsion which now shook the world.
their help
of war.
the
On
Here
the
would be unbearable to Spain and absolutely Mussolini, "objectives nininisterial colleague on the spot
in cortain conditions a course of danger for the regime."
Europe."
rectifications
but
actually
the
I
L
•
I suppose that lefected ship"
was perfilsed?
Recent news items teil of ex- tensions on the Moscow Under- round and the opening of new stations On the London system. Engineers at the British end are beginning to listen for the sound
of picks.
W
Our taxi fares may or may not
"So it worries you when your husband talks in his steep?"
"Yes, doctor-he's so indistinct."
COMMENT ON HONG KONG There is no doubt that the Colony's business commun- Hty, Chinese and European alike, will read with close attention the comprehensive survey of our economic past, present and
future given yesterday by expert spokes- men of the Hong Kong Gen-
out of proportion to eral Chamber of Commerce,
At the their strength." Spain demanded with whom to deal. He was about to return home after his confe- of the Pyrenees rence His Majesty's Government was me time Franco wrote to Musso-rectin
with Gen. Smuts at The Hon, P. S. Cassidy, ehairman, was as cautiously outlook. All we wanted was the
quite content with this unherole ni recapitulating Spanish claims frontier, the cession of French Khartoun. I telegraphed to him: be the highest in the world. If
and asking for his support.
Catalonia (French territory, once Prime Minister to Mr. Eden optimistic as
the Financial neutrality of Spain. We wante by urging the Caudillo "not to cut
not, steps should immediately be Mussolint replied on August 26 historically linked with Spain, tu
29.x.40. taken to bring them into line (at Khartoum). North of 1 Secretary budget day, trade with Spain. We wanted her himself off from the history of Pyrenees), of Algeria from Oran
Rooms of prime importance to but he also portrayed a
purte to be dented to German and
holi naval fuelling base at with the rest of our economy. Italian submarines. We wanted not sed by the size of the Spanish whole of Morocco.
Hitler was embarras 10 Cape Blanca, and virtually the future which is calmly en-
Suba Buy and the bent airfield only as animolested Gibraltar, but claims, some of which would en
At three o'clock, with the total possible, Successful defence of at 160, a halt was called for drinks, couraging to those who have
the of HIND
anchorage of
Long War
Crete is invaluable aid to de.
Gordon having 77 and Thomas made Hong Kong a perman- Algeciras for our ships and the broil him anew with France. ent home. Making the point we of the ground which joins toe would almost certainly lead to the hours. They
The taking of Oran from France through Interpreters, lasted nine
The conversations,
fence of Egypt. Lown of Crete conducted
78.A record? to
[the] Italiane [would that the Home Government Rock to the mainland for reversetting up of a hostile French Gov- vague protocol and an arrlinge-
produced only
bojal grievous aggravation fol] has promised there will be expanding, ale base,
all Mediterrangan difficulties. facilities depended in large mea-balanced the inne
ernment la North Africa. He ment for military conversations.
So great 4 prize worth the no change in the status of
sure our Access to the Mediter-
"Rather than go through it again,” admits we
risk, and almost equal to (a) Hong Kong, he
ranean. Nothing was easier than Meanwhile the days were pass- Hitler told Mussolini inter at Flor-
succesful offensive in Libys. When Hittle Henry returned may have internal disorders,
for the Spaniards to anout or ing During, September Great
Pray examine whole problem from ence, "I would prefer to have
Vie first Sunday school but believes that the good heavy guns
allow to be mounted
with Wavell and Smuts and do session, his a dozen Britain acomed to be holding her three or four of my teeth out."
mother asked him sense of our citizens "will Algeciras. They had a right to do
In the hits bohind vwn against the German air offen.
Franco,
not hesitate to make proposals what he thought of it. **I didn't convinced of a sive. The transfer of the G6 long war effectively scotch any under-so at any time and, once mounted, American destroyers had made a
and by no means sure
for action on large scale at ex- think much of that Joseph they of a German victory, used every
pense of other sectors, at tho told us about," he answered, ground efforts on the part of they could at any moment be fred, profound impression throughout device of exasperating delay and
kame time asking for any fur- taking Mary on that long trip agitators." In this connec- | and our naval and air bases would Europe, and
Spain it seemed exorbitant demands. Ho
ther aid you require from here, without making any reservations by WBE that the United States was mov- this tim tion he adds his own voice to become unusable.
Ing nearer to the war.
this time so
including aircraft and anti-alt for her." Franco
that Suner
craft
[batteries).
are the appeal for volunteers for
We October 18 he and he Spaniards therefore pur an
made him the defence force and essen-
pur-
studying how to meet your Parachute troops have to under- tial services-while there is stand a long stege, but it would be fining their claims and making it of his devotion to the Axis, In again sued the policy of raising and de- Foreign Minister, representing the removal of Beigbeder na a proof
need. Think your return to go a rigorous period of training, still time for enlistment to only a rock. Spain held the key to clear that these must be agreed in November Suner was summond to
Calro Indispensable.
asserts an officer. They are kept At the invitation of the Greek at it until they are fil to drop, proceed in
all British naval enterprises in the advance. Supplies also must be Berchtesgaden,
Government, Suda Bay, the bost Mediterranean, and never in the provided, particularly a number of darkest hours did she turn the lock 15in howitzers for the Spanish Spain's delay in coming into the
harbour in Crete, was occupied by impatience with
our forces two days later, gainst us. So great was the dan-batteries facing Gibraltar. Mean-
small though desirable offensive During Mr. Eden's earlier con- in the Soudan. This seemed by no we while they paid the Germans in ger that for nearly two years we
ferences
and talks with Gen. small coin, kopt constantly
By now the Battle of Britain at a Lew daya'
had been lost by the Geman Air
Wavoll and also - with Gel. 1 means good enough employment forces with notice an expedition of over 6,000
for the very largo he Force.Italy was already involved W
Wilson, posed the question which at great risk, exertion and men and their ships, ready to seize
in Greece and in North Africa. what action was intended it the cost we had furnished them,
Italian offensive did not develop. Serrano Suner did not respond as tal
Our rorrespondence during this was wished. He dwelt lengthily He was told in extremo recrecy period was thus on both sides based instend upon the economie dim-ha
that a plan was being made to attack the Italians in the
the Western
upon mimnderstanding. Wavell culties of the Peninsula.
Desert Inatend
and the Secretary of State thought Three weeks later the German
of waiting for that for the sake of giving ineffec- them to open their
offensiva tual aid to Greece we were press- sent
10 against Meren Matruh. Neither he
manner.
an
orderly
law
There
can
Long Siege
The Rock might once
оссиру
proposed
Her lopes
All this was
pressed
war.
should
"T
As the
now
bis
Aure of
and
Hitler
the
ex-
on
minde
they
Wo
wero
cannot from Middle East forces send mufficient air or land reinforcements to have any deci alve influence upon course of fighting in Greece. To send auch forces from here, or to divert reinforcemente now on their way
or
approved would imperll our whole position in the Middle East and jeopardise plans for
an offensive operation now being Iald in more than one theatre.
One of his comments can- not but be regarded with en- thusiasm: "Provided and order can be maintained here, as it has been so effec- the Canary islands, by which we All the Spanish newspapers tively since the liberation, could maintain air and sex control were Anglophobe. German agents then we need have no fear over the U-bonts, and contact with were allowed to flaunt themselves As the Spanish Cape, if all over Madrid. that our trade will collapse. Australasia round the The Chinese farmer will go ever the harbour of Gibraltar were Foreign Minister, Beigbeder, was
denied to us by the Spaniards. suspected of lack of enthustox on working and his produce will find its way down to
There was another very simple fur Germany, a special envoy, Ser-Admiral Canaris was munner in which the Franco Gov-tano Sunce, head of the Falange, Madrit to arrange the detalls of the coast, the Chinese trader
could have struck us this was sent on a formal visit to Ber- Spain's entry into the was. He por Wavell imparted these ideas ing them to dissipate the forcas gathering for an offen- ernment will not be put off getting destructive blow. They could have in to smooth things over and pre-suggested that the German troops to me or to the Chiefs of Staff. sive in the Western Desert. We, goods into the country and.
Secretary on the other hand, not crediting allowed Hitler's
sense of comradeship. troops to traverse serve a
Cike Hitler harangued him at length, on January 10, in preparation telogram on this subject, but to objected to their standing idle or
pass the Spanish frontier Gen. Wavell begged the Secre
of State for War not to send any them with offensive intentions, finally, we can feel confident the Peninsula, besiege
Center for Liam, and theanwhile dwelling on the Spanish prejudices for any attack me abrata tell us verbally about it when he trifling at such a crucial moment. that the high seas will be themselves
Morocco and, against the United States. The January 30. The Admiral was safe for our ocean shipping." French North Africa. This became war, he suggested, might well turn surprised when Franco told him or refund forte weeks In fact, as will presently be seen,
remained without knowledge Mr. Cassidy is also of the a
a deep ans
leep anxiety after the French into a war of Continents-America that it was impossible for Spain
of the way their The islands off to enter the war on
we were all agreed, On November date
were 1, school which believes "It is Armistice, when on June 27, 1940, against Europe.
Indeed, Mr. Eden telegraphed moving, It seemed that the
cryptically a mistake to assume that the the Germans reached the Spanish West Africa must be made secure, mentioned.
foared the Later in the day Ribbentrop asked Caudillo
losi of
Great Risk frontler" basle character of the Chi-
in force, and
for a anilitary base for Germany Atlantic In
Islands and Spanish parades
It is clear from a message I in the Canaries. Suner, the pro- colonies to the British nese merchant will be chang-traternal ceremonial
towns be German and
Navy. had sent on October 25 that any San Sebastian and in ed by any political creed.
Falangist, rofused He also emphasised the lack forestalling operation on a largo even to discuss this, but dwelt in- of food and the inability of scale in the Western Desert would yond the Pyreness, Some German By nature he is an individu- troops actually entered Spain.
However, as the Duke of Well-cently upon Spanish neods for Spain to stand a protracted war. alist, and it is our hope and
modern weapons and food
and
command my keen support. We in April, 1820: petrol, and for the satisfaction of England seemed indefinitely post- Eden's return loft under the Im-
German landing in
were all, however, anti! Mr. belief that his inclination to ington wrote
There is no country in Europe in her territorial demands at the ex-poned, Franco introduced a new pression that Wavell and Wilson trade will not allow his the affairs of which foreigners pense of France. country to be fenced in and
condition. He would not move were still wedded to the defensive Interfere with so little advant-
necessary before Spain could at any rate subject to domination to any age as in those of Spain. There is realise her hopes of entering the Axis hands, since not till then would wait there until they were until Suez was in battle at Mersa Matruh, and foreign influence."
no country in which foreigners ure war.
would he feel sure that Bpain attacked. speaks another experienced so much disliked, and even des-
While the Spanlarda became less would not be involved in long-acemed to contemplate in this ex-production, even partially, in any
The only action they
World Copyright reserved. Re- foreign expert on China, and
pised, and whose manners and ardent and more acquisitive, Hitler drawn-out hostilities. habits are ᎠᏣ Illtlo
tremely, serious crisis was to send language, strictly prohibited. congenial felt an increased desire for their we would hesitate to contra- with those of the other help.
favour He was strongly
battalion or so to Crete, a for Exclusive rights in Hong Kong diet him, except in so far countries in Europe." Now
ale squabrons to Greec make
and by "China Mall" that honest, balanced minds
some the Spanish terms were too high, wrote a letter to Franco, appeal- against the 120 years later, the Spaniards, the assault on Gibraltar.
minor diversione Dodecanese and at do not yet seem to appre reoling and quivering under the and also by the end of September ing in strong and urgent terma
mutilations ciate in its entirety the ruth-vil war, were even less sociable. September 27 the Tripartite pact out further delay. Franco replled of the other ideas stirred his mind On that he should play the man with- less, tinwavering drive to-
expressing his undying loyalty. wards world domination that They did not wish to have foreign between Germany, Italy and Japan
armies marching about their coun- was signed in Berlin. This opened He urged that preparations for emanates from Moscow. The try. Even if they were Naxi and wider flelds.
the attack on Gibraltar should Ideology, Communists may Fascist in their
these The Fuehrer now decided to be continued with renewed indeed diverge from the morose people would rather have throw his personal influence into vig
vigour, than their the scale. On October á he_met
As another new point, Kremlin-but in that case the foreignora room
declared thart shared these Mussolini at the
only Spanish Franco
Bronner Pasa troops with the Russian fanatics are not foolings to the full, and in a most He spoke of the high demands and must be used for this enterprise. German equipment going to allow them to crafty manner he managed to give dilatory procedure of the Spanish Even if all this
Government
was arranged, He feared that to diverge for very long. It is ffect to them. We could admire unwise to be too optimistic his astuteness, even if it had been Rivo Spain what she asked would Spain could not enter the war
have two immediate consequences; for economic reasons.
Ribbentrop thereupon reported in this respect, except in that less useful to us,
คน English occupation of the even the Reds must trade
The Spoils
Spanish basen in the Canaries and to the Fuchrer that Franco had Like everyone else, the Spanish the adhesion of the French Empire Hitler was scandallsed,
Intention of making with the outside world.,
de Gaulle's **** Concerning a possibly tem- Government was staggered by the In North Africa to
now set upon the invasion oft porary feature, it is notice-sudden downfall of France and the movement.
Final Phase
Russia, ho did not perhaps like the Iden able as Mr. Cassidy pointed expected collapse or destruction of
of trying Napoleon's Britain. Lots of people all over out that our trade with Ching the world
This, he said, would force the other unsuccessful enterprise, the had reconciled them.
Axis seriously to extend their own invasion of Spain, at the same is at present shrinking, and selves to the idea of the "New
On the time. Considerable Spanish forces this could have serious re-
Order in Europe," the "Herren-sphere of operations.
gathered along the volk, and all that. Franco there-ther band he did not exclude the were now suits, in spite of the exten-fore indicated in June that he w. vossibility of having the French Pyrenees, and he felt it was wiseri sion of our entrepot trade elsewhere. In the chairman's prepared to join the victors and
Chinese
relf-inflicted
company.
share in the distribution of the
YOUR
opinion, the most important spoils. Partly from appetite and development of the Colony's partly also from prudence, he DO YOU trade has been with Japan made it clear that Spain had large and Korea, but with inevit- claims.
But at this moment Hitler did KNOW able logic he was driven back not feel the need of Allies. He, to the basic fact that "our ) like Franco, expected that in a few natural role is in relation to weeks or even days general hos China." Anyone with the titles would couse and England most elementary knowledge therefore showed little interest In of economics will agree with the gestures of active solidarity this, and will hope that re- from Madrid. newed enterprise on the By August the scene had part of our merchants and Britain would fight on and prol
changed. It was certain that]:
Government, departments,
would be nuing for terms. HHONG
able that the
KONG?
Can you re- would be oognise "w tiere plus a realisation of inescap- | Ingthy, With the contemptuous this ploture, was able necessity by the main British rejection of his "Peace taken? The ant land Chinese, will prevent Officer" of July 19. Hitler sought swor: le' in Paga that serious recession of trade Allies, and to whom should be torn saver.. which could all too easily and who had no laisly offered to but to the dictator he had helped happen.
Join him? --Bat -Franço· also, Bad
But
no
Urgent Terms
On February 6, 1041, Hitler
wac. being
(To Be Continued Tomorrow)
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