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"THE "CHINA MAIL; SATURDAY, "MARCHÐ ́19,'' 1040.
[WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS: THE SECOND BOOK
THEIR FINEST HOUR
The Dakar Episode Closes
and
establish
its
By Winston Churchill
the
AN
The Russians neo amall Western butions as muro pactofunis of U.S. polley.
Moscow.
did
"
hero:
ibled Turnoveral months, and two
report, saya that tempered Our expedition
damage destroyers sustained
optimlam prevails In powerful escort, was by now
which required considerable re but then, Molotov always itself South of Dakar approach-
Two pairs home dockyards. ring: Freetown. At 12.10 a.m. on September 14 the Admiralty part of it were leaving Dakar troy the Daker batteries of 9.41m wrench submarines were sunk, have a bad temper.
fon the South. This made it pretty pans at 27,000 yards.
But the
destroyers ware burnt out and Germany getting the lion's share signalled to Admiral John Cun-clear that it had carried Vichy, Vichy forcas had at this time also the crew of one being saved; two on take; · pidim, viewof ningham telling him that the minded troops, technicians and the battleship Richelieu, which cached;
battleship
in this spoils to the vanquished" Dakar. The pro- proved capable of firing two-gulehelley was hit by two 15 gamo. French cruisers had loft. Cosa authorities to
This
shells and damaged... by blarica at a time unknown and babilities of a vigorous resistance ives from 15in artillery,
A speaker sees the dawn, of a Others think munications should be addressed ondering him to prevent them were mereaned out of all propar-had to be taken into account by wo
entering Dakar. The cruisers
to the new forces involved, the British Admiral. Above all two near misses of 2301b bombs. Devonshire, Australia and Cum- There would certainly be shag there was the fog. The firing There was, of course, no man new day coming.
had already after. able vesel, which berland and the Aric Royal fighting. My colleaguen, who were therefore died away at about 11.30, at Dakar of rupaling tath formid 1 feels more like a morning! tough, and also nimble to change and all British and Free French been rendered temporarily immo- thereupon turned back at max with circumstances; an la right in ships retired.
bilo in July, and it could, now. ben trin with a man left every- imum speed to,
General de definitely dismissed D In the afternoon
hoatile "thing" "he posresand to the govern- war, shared my instinct to let patrobiline to the North of things rip, and the various reports Gaullo tried to land his troops at factor from our calculations.
moht. I hear there is to be an not reach were heard in silence.
Rufisque, but the fog and the con- No Blame attached to the British oficial Inquiry into the delay. It was reported from Lon-Dakor. They did
On the 20th Admiral Pound tolt fusion had now become so dense naval and military commandars,
stood on the burning don yesterday that Britain's their stations until 0 p.m. on
French us that the three French warships that the attent was abandoned, and both wero constantly employed
the war.
The prat the. Ad-
deck... meat ration will be reduced September 14. The
turned out
to be the elded to withdraw the troopships miral attaining the highest di All, hands gone except him. this month from a shilling / squadron was alrendy anchored nighted by the Australia (South) By 4.30 p.m. the commandern de- until the end, of
in' the port with awnings of Dakar)
cruiser, Georgos Loygten,
He bollerod, "Who's a Mont-and resume the operation next day. Unellon. It Was one of my, rulon
*Heck, spread.
calm and Gloire. At noon on the The signal with this information that errors towards the enemy must
You'd see... it I could swim!" This chapter of accidents seated 19th the Australia had been joined reached London at 7.10 pm and be lightly judged. Of General de the fate of the Anglo-French ex-by the Cumberland, and they con- thereupon sent the following per Gaulle 1 said in the House of Com
"Brush dy in millionth ton." tinued to shadow the Vichy ships sonal message to the commander on that his conduct and bear- pedition to Dakar. I had no doubt till evening. These now turned to timed at 10.14 on September 23: ing on this occasion had made my And here with 1, thinking there
him greater than
were no flies on the airlift, the Northward and increased their "llaving bagun, we must go on to confidence in
wver. that
The story of the Dakar epide specil from 15 to 31 kunta. A obate the end. Stop at nothing t
An ultimatum
KCM passenger writes that the vis
long betwech ensued. We were not able to over- -take them
night to the Governor of Dakar, to deserves close study, because it train stoped so
high degree not take them.
WAR made that he illustrates in AZ 9 p.m., however, thé Gloire) which hop at the fortress to the only the unforeseeable accidents of Aations that he got out and had n
breaks-down and would defend ал enginfu
bolling. old steam no more than 15 knots. fast. The commanders answered war but the interplay of military cup of ten
joultles of combined operations, Her captain agreed to return to that they intended continuing the and political forces, and the dim The witter in the Casablanca escorted by the Aus-operation. Visibility [when action
Says a correspondent, "While I September 241 especially where Allies aro' in- "To 'the world at large; in volved. and the was better than ralia. This pair were due to poss was resumed on
on the previous reamed a glaring example of. mis-/Was on ipave in England 1 took my wife to a famous echoing cave. calculation, contuston, timidity and but she was glad to get out of it captain of the Australia told the day, but still poor. Gloire that if he wore attacked by
muddle. In the United States, da't like
not having the inst arrived at Fredwabnerings he would at once ank The expedition
where special interest was taken town on September 17. All the
spoko to Dakary
on account of the proximity of Leaders reacted vehemently against her. She no doubt spo
Dakar to the American continent; The er: Cumberland, shadowing the other the iden af abandoning the enter and all passed off pleasantly. The prise. The Admiral and the Gen- two Vichy warships, lost touch in about 10 o'clock, by which time thero was a storm of unfavourable
that unell it was
henvy rainstorm,
and both, Richelleu had been hit by a 6 criticism. The Australian Govern ment was distressed. At home known to what extent the arrival
a light cruiser was on fire.
I decided Moreover, one enemy submarine faulty war direction.
no explanations which had tried to interfere with owever, that our approach had been forced to should be offered, and Parliament the surface by adepth charge, the respected my wish.
Feeling of Unity. crew surrendering. None of our
to 10d. a week. "As in the case of bacon, one wonders why the Utopians who now control the country bother to continue even the token sup- pliés, except that it gives the rising generation a taste of basic foodstuffs which obsolescent under Socialism but which one day may be available again.
Ara
whatever
that
the enterprise The War Cabinet sent orders to should be abandoned. the Dakar force on September 16, that the arrival of 1940, stating Vichy cruisers rendered the execu tion of the operation impracticable, theThe British, portion of the fored was to remain at Frestown and the Free French were to bo divert. ed to a landing in the Cameroons onless General de Gaulls had any strong objections.
The hard fact is that Homeland has long since fallen below the level of normal nutrition, and nearly four years of Socialism and bulk buying have progres- sively worsened the position. In the difficult days of war, with submarine-infested seas, the Tory Lord Woolton man-eral argued nged to obtain more and other comestibles than has been achieved since. True, there was Lend-Lease! in those days, but now therei is Marshall aid, with a much higher percentage for civilian! consumption.
The great
of business nationalisation marches on. No foodstuffs are allowed to
of
had
Dakar about midnight,
•
. Fog 'Reigned
The Passions
bombardment ended
at
word.
•
at o nearby village.
engine wasn't
*
"Reports from Nanking say that the communding general sa- nounced that he had laid u belt of
the city." Must have taken him nearly all the afternoon.
Second hand drunk, in good condition. What you mean by "quod," "exactly?
meat tho Vichy cruisers had misc.though sighted, got back into hell, as also had Fort Manuel,there were many complaints of 40,000. mules round.
local morale, their presence did Dakar without fire being made up-an not materially alter the previous on them.
they At present, naval situation. At Buid, the cruisers had awnings spread and two were so borthed as to be virtually impotent and pre- senting excellent bombing-targola rate in detall all that happened Here was another twist in the during the three days in which situation. It was very rare at this Dakar was attacked. These deserve. stage of the war for commanders their place in military chronicler
courses.
on
It is not necessary here to parships was hit. In the afternoon the In spite of the Armistice and
the bombardment was renewed for Oren and the ending of our dip
lomatic relations with Vichy, 1 On September 25 the action was never ceased to feel unity, with
scale uniform,
short
yards
range
screen used by
The marriage rate is atili pretty gh. Which Just shows that" whe
and methods, but who knoweth evident zoal to weather at this son af the your der baffled ou, alm. Soon after unities. But I felt sure that the dopendent. lion, it a
tine are blamed for Britain's shortage, with certain justi- fication. The bloated cattle
At Liberty
the
Д
Cabinet net at
our
Ove
on the spot to press for audacious and are a further good example of resumed Tho, weather was elcar,} France. People who have not been then the Colorin, fit for them or
Usually the pressure 20 bad luck. The moleorologista at the and our fleet bombarded at 21,000 subjected to the personal stress not, there is no lack of heroes,
when they were re-which fell upon Pruf French In Air Ministry had of course care plied to, not only by the very
of their be imported except through run risks came from home.
the bulk government buying- this case General, General fully studied climatic coriditions on accurate coastal batteries but by non in the fiel
According to a Conservative MP, had earofully put all his the West
Judgments of individuals. African coast.
Aduruble-salvos from the 15-inch country should be careful in their often in charge of black-
It is beyond the scope or, this Dritain should make it clear that. before he survey of records reveale paper
Dakar command story the coated bureaucrats who are
to enter the maze of French her emblem is the fearless and in- Kind-of adept in civil service jargo: therefore agreeably regular bright infight and clear uns of the Richelles. A smoke;!
complicated and semi- On September 23, when the Anglo-
hit by a torpedo from Vichy for the common cause according to nothing of the technique of
operation to the test. If French armada approached them, the battleship Resolution was French nation would do the best nationised mouse.
When trade. Since 1945 Britons the man on the spot thought it fortress with de Gaulle and his submaring. After this the Admiral the facts presented to it.
was a time to do and dare, wo French ships wall in the van, for deelded to withdraw to seaward they were told that their only have re- travelling abroad
supreme.
nu condition of the salvation lay in following should certainly give them a free reigned
eigned, since the great win View of the Catinued dunger vles of the illustrious Maribal turned with information 're-
hand. I therefore sent at 11.52
majority of
of the population, French from submarines, and the great Pelain, and that England, which garding tons of beef, bacon
ing:
and native, was on our side, that acc
of had given them so. lttle help, accuracy and determination etc. which could be purchasm on September 16 the follow-
would soon be conquered or givo the appearance of all these ships the hore defences."
the shore ed for sterling, but policy
withi British lying far back on
was offered Meanwhile the Defence Com, very little choice reasons have prevented the
the horizon would have
decided mittee.
ttee, which met at 10 am. with to the masses. But, I was mire they the action of the Governor. It soon out me, people from getting It.
had formed the opinion wanted us to win, and that nothing Currently, disappointingYou are fully at liberty to co-proved, however, that the Vichy that no pressure should be brought would give them more joy than to sider the whole situation your partisans were ranators, and there to baur on the commamters to take see us continue the struggle with deliveries from the Argen
selves and consult de Gaulle, can be no doubt. that tha arrival of
of any Betion against their better vigour. amt we shall carefully consider this Vichy cruison with, their
Tho eir judgment.
it was
first duty to give than any advies you may
Dakar Jairing the Freo French of the morning's operations reach-in his vallant constancy, barens and their representa-protest from General
dings it remod clear that thement with him which dealt with lives in Peron's regime have who wished to carry out the plan. mavement. De Gaullo's two succeeded in the post-war At the very feast (he salt), should planes landed on the local airfield, tuturing the meetings. On these August 7 I signed a million On the British Government aphoid and their pilots were immediately matter had been pressed as far as practical needs. His stirring acid- years in wresting millions
Mew and negative decisioncated. One of them had on prudence and our resourco, would rosses were pinde known to Franco
person
Soveral good ships had been and the world by the British broad- a list of the leading Free from hungry and impoverish-
concerning direct action upon French adherents. Do Gaulle's severely damaged. It was obvious cust. The sentence of death which Dakar by Ben, I request im- on, exorbitant
emissarien, sent under the tri that Dakar would be defended to the Petain Government passed up- ed Britain
mediate co-operation of British colour and the white flag,, were the death. No one could ba sare on him glorified his name. We did terms. knowing that
naval and air forces hore pre- rebuffed, and others who enteres that if the pastions fierce fighting everything in our power to ald bulk-buyers had nowhere
sant to support and cover anlater in launches were fired upon excitos continued, we should, not him and magnity his mavement. else to turn. The Argentine
operation
which I personally and two of them wounded
have a Franch Declaration of War railways, built in a previous
-conduct with my own
All hearts were hardened, and from Vichy. We therefore, after
British troops against Dakay from the the generation by British capital
Flest approached a painful discussion, were all interior.
through the mist, to within 6,000 agreed to push no more, and engineering skill, were
yards. At 10 am, a mrbour bat sold for a few months". meagre supply of meat. at
tery opened fire on one of our vastly inflated prices. When
destroyer. The re was dollar-sterling convertibility was introduced, it was the which wealthy Argentine took unfair advantage of the arrangement, and drained away Britain's supply. Yet Britain has always been her biggest customer.
There "noon arrived a vehement troops hack blotted out any hope of / 11.30 man, and nows of the results loyal support to Genoral de Gaulle
the
The piratical charges laid' down in Buenos Aires have been masked in London by means of government sub- sidies on food, to keep retail prices down to about one- third of the world average. For this the professional and formerly well-to-do classes have to meet crushing taxa- tion, in order to keep the newly pampered working class millions sufficiently sweetened to vote Labour in the next election. The pro- letariat is undoubtedly better.
de Gaulle,
wing returned,
Our Reply
The War Cabinet met for the second time on the 17th at 9 p.m. eye was agreed to lot the commandora go ahead
as they and the engagement soon became Accordingly, I sent the following wished. Final decision was poet- general. The destroyers Inglefeld telegram (427 p.m., September pored til noon the next day, it and Foresight were slightly dazn-26) to the commanders: being plain that no time was being aged, and the Cumberland was On all the information now before lost as there was still nearly struck in the engineroom and had week before the blow would be to quit. One French aubmarine struck. At the request of the was bombed by an aircraft at per- Cabinet, I-drafted the following scope depth, and one French dee- mossage to the commanders of the troyer set on fire. -Dakar, forro:
cannot judge relative advant- agen of alternative schemos from here. We give you fulf authority to go ahead and do what you Disink is best in order give effect to the original purpose of the expedition. Keap us informed..
OF
In Silence
Ships Retired
me, includine damage to Reso- lution, we have decided that the enterprise against Dakar should bu abandoned, the obvious evil consequences being faced. Unless something Has happened which We do not know, which makes you wish to attempt landing in force,
you should forthwith break off. You should inform us “Most immediata" whether you concur, but unless the position has entirely changed in our favour, you should not actually begin landing, till you receive our reply.....
There is an age-long argoment about ships verous forts. Nelson said that a six-gun battery could fight a 100-gun ship-of-the-line, Mr. Balfour, in the Dardanches Inquiry, said in 1910, "If the ship | has guns which can hit the forb at ranges where the fort cannot re-
The commanders made the fol ply, the duel is not nocomarily so towing reply: "Concur in breaking unequal”. On this occasion the """" British Fleet with proper spotting, In the three days', bombardment to do now bat await results. On could in theory engage and after no British shins were bunk, but the 19th the First Son Lord re-a certain number of rounds des- the battleship Resolution was dis ported that the French squadron
This was dispatchssà et 120 p.m., September 18. There was nothing
fed than it was before the vate) and the multi-million DO YOU war, in spite Jat Tory, pro-groundnuts scheme, which, ie
testations to the contrary, it has not yielded any nuts,
highly remunerative service posis.",
civil,
YOUR
but there are millions of has at least created, some KNOW other people in the country who seriously consider going abroad for their holidays In order to have some decent meals.
Hong Kong, with all its glaring faulla, is a good ex- ample of what can be done
HONG KONG?
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cognies where
In some ways the Social-by virilo private enterprise.. ist agricultural programme and except for the faithfal has been good, but it has not fanatics, who can deny that produced a fraction of the individual experts motivated home-grown meat that was by the deplorable profit mo expected. Little has been live would not have provid- done to foster increased out. | od: considerably larger this pleture was put in the Empire-apart volume and variety of food aken? The an
swer to in Pago from Dr. Edith Summershill's | för Britain?. In time, White- | seven. Bnock (a faste which a hun-hall may be forced to accept gry people nevertheless this trust, but in the mean- gratefully.arjuse lo cult time the people suffer.
Mr.