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The third major problem was the weather. Unseasonable rains soon overtook us, and since none of the senttered air strips that we kad hoped to use boasted of a 24354 pave:
our small runway. forces were handicapped and for eporters & General Oce 32312ays at a stretch were rendered
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THE ISHMAELITES
almost completely helpless. 'Th enemy was far better situated, since his large fields at Bizcri
Tunis were sullable
for operations in all kinds of wen- ther.
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's Own Story Of The War In Europe
No j
wers our own
tions were almost unendurable. The mud deepened daily, co n ing all operations to the roads, long stretches of which practically disintegrated. Winter cold WAK already
the descending upon Tunisian highlands, " The bring- up of supplies and ammunition won a Herculean task. Itt splie all this, and in spite of An- delson's incit
ack of strength-his not realise that the word is syno~] was hustantly circulated, to our whole force numbered
only about aymous with waste, nor did he own people, It was astounding three brigaces of infantry and a understand that every positive to seu la buoyant effect. The next disavanlage was the action requires expenditure.
beirade of obsolescent tanks-he The After but three day's intensive pushed 011 through Suk-cl- proximity of the Tunisia area to problem is to determine how, In work at headquarters the Axis forces in Sicily and in epnee and time, to expend assets for the front by automobile, Lak-ed a point from which he could I started Khemis, Beja, and inally reach. Italy. The day after we began so as to achieve the maximum in ing General Clark with me) Be-ok down into he outskirts of our landings in North West Afri- results. When this has been de cause of hostile domination of the Tenis. co the Axis started pouring troops Lermined, then assets must be air, travel anywhere in the for-
Day by day, following the first into Tunisia, und they were re-spent with a lavish hand, particu- word area was an exelting bus-contact, fighting grew more bit- Banished to the pavements, inforcing rapidly,
larly when the cost can ba enca- aess. Lockouts kept a keen watcher, more atubborn, more difficult, them to action. I we should the shop doorways, the roof- Another initial dimeulty was sured in the saving of lives.
of the skies and the appearance and the enemy was more rapidly fall to take Tunis We would top huts and the squatters' the undetermined attitude or the General "Oliver's insistence, hts of any plane
was the signal to renforced than
suffer severely for this procedure, settlements in Hong Kong French forces lying in the aren be- desire to get to the battle, his dismount and scattor. Ocension-
but General Anderson was given tween Constantine and Tonis, pleading to take on a gruelling ally, of course, the plane wouldy carly I determined to take positive orders to use everything are the poor from China and These were commanded by Gen- march rather than to accept the turn out to be friendly--but no
Very the underprivileged indigenat Barre, and at the time Gen- ensy solution with himself entire- one could afford to keep pushing whatever additional risks might possible to gain lus objective be
the chance
fore the nerensingly bad wen- From timeral Anderson began his advance-ly absolved of responsibility, all ahead on
be involved in weakening our jous population.
that this
ther and the Axis reinforcements Within would be 50. to time the offending sleep.it was not known whether these impressed me greatly.
All of us became rear in order to stengthen Ander-
Shortage of transport pre- should compel us to settle down ers are carted away by the furces and the local population five minutes he was on his way quite expert in identifying planes, su
vented mything but movement loa long winter · compaign in but I never saw anyone to cer- would actively oppose hin, would with the orders he sought. police from the eyes of well-e neutral, or would cy-operate
the inherent such uninviting and inhospitable During that night and the fol- tain of distant identification that by driblets--and
dangers of such reinforcement | circumstances. dressed Europeans on a night with him in his advance toward
oro understood by the rawest of From Oran we brought up ele- out, to spend a few hours in | Tunisin.
recruits, There was no lack of ments of the U. S. 1st Armoured advisers warn me concerning Division and part of the 1st In- The U. S. 34th public reaction to "lissipation" of | fantry Division, the American Army! "How," Division was distributed along was often naked, "did Pershing the line of cuàmunication to pro- trake his reputation in Work tect critical points and to make War 1 What such elvisers did sure of the security the vast unt recall was Pershing's famous areas in which we were other-
tatement when stark crisis Inced
We wise completely defenceless. the Allies in March 1918, At that eauld use Allied troops for this tkne, realising the size of the purpose only on the most vital stakes, he postponed integration of an American Army and said to Foch, "Every man, every gun, everything we have is yours to sec At." I felt that here in Tunisia, on a small scale, wo bod a glowing opportunity mparable to the crisis of 1918, and I was quite willing to take all later erlucism it only the Al- Hed forces could turn over Tunis n New Year's to our people as presentl
gnol before being warned of Under these conditions only a
the criminalty of poverty,
fire
The abruptly fierce which wiped out 300 wooden huts on the old Queen's Col- lege site in Hollywood Rond Monday afternoon is the second major blaze in these congested hovel settlements within a week-the worst of several recent
;
Matrughly loyal and bold com- maneter would have undertaken
JE
ut the only steps taken re-without protest the operation that mind the disinterested ob- Generat Anderson was call! server of Catherine
sipon be carry out. the
In response Great's sham happy villages to my urgent orders he began the eampaign 171 November 11 AN of lath and plaster along the
on as he put foot on shore. routes she might possibly Remembering that General An- ride in her carriage.
women and his troops were al-
masi exclusively British, it has alvis seemed to me remarkable that he uttered not a shrugle word
profest Jo
In accepting this bold onder from an American, He was
true ally-and-
courageous fighter. From Algiers he started his forces Eastward by landt a gea and in a series of rapid move. ments took the ports of Djidjeli, Philippeville, and Boor, at Tragedies. Months ago the "China Mail" made careful investigations into these camps, warned of the dangers of disease, in- sanitation and fire. Our re- porters exposed the "aban donment" of bombed sites by
the owners who preferred to Navy, under Admiral Cunning- leave them idle than jen-bam, fully to support the opera- pardise capital in unsatisfactions, nor on the part of General Anderson to continue his advance tory investment--while their in spite of these threats, From legal pledges were left un-
the general region of Hone and Constantine fulfilled, and ignored by a
the British Firs! Government which apparent. Army kept pushing Eastward
RAN
MATEL
ITADARKA
QUEREIDA-HOV,20
MOR, BEJA-NOV 17)
TUNIS
NO.12
-KHEMIS
YSOUR-EL-ARBA
Mov
SOUX-AURAS
the
ALGERIA
some time moving farther inland to seize the towns of Setic and Constantine. Axis air and sub- marine action both took a con- stant to) of our shipping and caused material damage in 120 emali harbours we were able to seize, but there was never
part of
hesitation on the
3
through Souk-Ahras and Souk-
Best contacts with Axis ground
ly believed in the absolute-Art, where they made the sanctity of capital and profits, No matter what human misery might ensue.
by
The obvious exhortation was made-that Government go into the housing business itself, in spite of the under standable objection in a rela tively free trading commun- ity such as Hong Kong to interference in business affairs. The suggestion was received in cold silence the authorities, and no more of that was heard until the apologetic and shame-faced facts about the Leighton Hill Mats (for civil servants only) began to impinge on a startled public. It
was realised then that while Gov- ernment employees, with their high cost of living al- lowance, must he housed semi-free at all costs, the underpaid European in 3 business office, the Eurasian and the increasing Chinese population would have to wait for the normal ebb and flow of free enterprise to pro- vide him with a bed and root But to return to the squat- ters. We are well aware of the almost impossibility of catering for the Inflow of Chinese across the open bor- der and by sea-an ingress which will inevitably in- crcase with snowball velocity as the civil war worsens. official policy remains the same, however, and no har Is made to entry, are the un- fortunates to be allowed to live in a British colony as they did in Mukden at the
forces.
When transferred headqun:- ters from Gibraltar to Algiers on November 23, I took advantage of the journey to begin inspections at our troops and facilities, the Oran airfield I came square- ly up against conditions that were to plague us throughout thal bitter winter, We landed on lord-surfaced strip but then
On
●SBEITLA
KASSERINE
„ÉPTE FERÍANA
NOVEMBER RACE FOR TUNIS
PONT-DU-FANS
EXFIDAVILL
SOUS
KAIROUAN
FONDOUR
FAID
SFAX
MAKNASSY
จ
AIRBORNE LANDINGS ALL GERMANSUPPLY LINE FROM SICILY BURNOS BRITISH LINE DURING NOVEMBLESŁ CS FRENCH CONÇİNTRATIONS
• MILES 39
GABES
that consternation.
"aviators."
were only
use as you
points, and as the enemy quickly resorted to system of sabotage y night lantling of paratroopers
we we were forced to rely on French protect hundreds contingents to
culverts, bridges, tunnels, and similar places where a few de- termined men could have infilet- eti niniost decisive damage upon our lines of communication.
Courage, resourcefulness, and endurance, though duty displayed
The gamble was great but the in overwhelming measure, could overcame the prize was such a gilitering one not completely
combination of enemy, weather, int wo abandoned caution in an cONT effort to bring up to General An- terrain. In early December derson every
available fighting the enemy was strong enough in man in the theatre, There still mechanized units to begin Incal existed the fear that the German but sharp counterattacks and we down were force back from our most air forces night thrust
positions In front of across the Pyrenees Into Spain, forward to attack us from the
1ear, Tunis,
As soon us we censed attack- Nevertheless, as a beginning, they
situation in American air forces were direct-ing, the
northern
ed to move as far to the East- Tunisia turned bleak for us, even defensive standpoint. ward ns possible to join in the from air battle in support of General Through a blunder during a local Anderson and to assist in cutting withlenwal we had lost the bulk Axis sea communications telween of the equipment of U.S. Combat Tunis and Italy. This was a de-Command
B, part of the
Ist The 18th finite change from the precon- Armoured Division. ceived plan to retain the nt ed Infantry of the U. 3. 1st Infantry States air forces in the Western Division took severe losses, and
€1
n.
end of the Mediterraneon, The practically an entire battalion of move brought them into close a fine British regiment was wip- proximity to the British air forces ed out. General Anderson soon and created a need for daily co-thought he would have to give ordination.
up Medjez-el-E
-Bab, a road centre I had left General Spaatz in and a junction point with the England and now 1 called him French forces on la right. Since forward to take on this particu- this spot was the key to our re- for task. We merely Improvised
ber 24 was chosen
own.
controlling machinery and gave sumption of the offensive when we should get the nessary could not taxi a foot off the
General Spaniz the title of “Act-1 M)
I forbade this move→→ strength, 1 rumway because of the bottomless
Ing Deputy Commander in Chi-fi**** mud. A huge tractor appeared
assuming personal responsibility for Alr." Initially, the commun- and. with men placing great
der of the American Air Force in for the fate of its garrison and the effect of its possible capture planks under the wheels of our lowing one Algiers was bombed he was.ready to stake his chances North Africa was Major General Fortress. pulled us off a few incessantly. No Great numbers on It, Truck drivers, engine.rs, Jurries Doolittle, who had upon the safety of the command.
We were the insprung into fame as the leader mount an attack of our yards so that incoming craft would of the Luftwaffe came over a artillerymen, and even
still attempting to operations were at a standstill din made sleep impossible and the bad constantly still be able to land. Tactical any one time but the continuous untrymen in the forward areas of the rail on Tokyn, He was t T
ຄ duy to be watchful dynatdie personality and a bundle Work continued 24 hours so I spent the morning inquiring ack of it soon showed plainly in Their dislike of the situation was of energy. I took him time
build to bus up the su
the strength that we to i believed
with some tem- into problems of supply, housing, the faces of headquarters person- reflected in the constant plaint, reconcile himself to shouldering po and food.
It was on that been nel. The principal targets wore "Where to this bloody Air Force his responsibilities us the seniorporary improvement in the wenz stop that first met Lleutenant he ships in the harbor, a quar- of ours? Why do we see nothing nited States nir commander to
iher, give us a good fighting Cotoriel Lauris Norstad, young ter of a mile below our hotel but but Heinics?" When the enemy the exclusion of opportunity for
chance to capture North Enstern air officer who so impressed me bomba landing in the city caused nas ar superiority the ground going out to fly a fighter plane Tunisin before all operations were by his alertness, grasp of prob-| «ome casualties and abundant forces never hesitate to curse the against the enemy.
But he had hopelessly bogged down. Decem- lems, and personality
ne the date the priceless quality of learning for our Anal and most ambitious never thereafter lost sight of hi Our air defences
Claric and I found Anderson rom experience. He became one He was and is one of those rare slowly developed, one of the ships beyond Souk-Ahras, and forward of our really fine commanders, attnek. Our great hope for suc- men whose capacity knows no we had lost to ehemy subanarines of that place we entered a zone
cess lay in our temporary ad- All during late November and 55 timit.
had been carrying most of the; where all around us was evidence
vantage in artillery, which was the piecemeal evening I found that previously
arriving at Algiers that warning and control equipment of incessant and hard fighting.rocess of reinforcing our
arty December
relatively great. But reports vital to fighter defence, But by Every conversation along the
ur Eastern from the Tonislan front were issued orders to support Andar- the end of the month we had rendside brought out astounding thes, principally by American disentenging the weather, instead. nou's British army with whatever partially corrected the deficien- exaggerations.
Because of the "Beja has be troops, went on. brought up to him from the Oruraken several nasty
mugit contingents could be cles, and after the Luftwaffe had bombed to rubble," "No one car ghting and the lack of trans-teriorate, Prospects for mount- ritical nature of the day-by-day of improving, continued to de- knocks 11 live on this next stretch of road.” area were not clearly understood abandoned its attacks against our "Our troops will surely have to
port we could not wait to bringing another attack grew darker, ror vigorously executed. In the principal ports office when I arrived was Briga-mpted
for at retreat; humans cannot exist it up any large unit as, an entity or could we wait to nasemble and surprise these conditions." You on the
To Be Continued dier General Lunsford E. Oliver forays. One night we get unmis whole mcrale was good. The ex-
units before committing commander of Combat Command Lakable proof that the enemy's aggerations were nothing more A, a portion of the U. S. 1st bombing crews had developed a than the desire of the individua Armoured Division. He had made healthy respect for the quality of to convey the thought that he 3 reconnaissanco to the front our defences, Wo intercepted & had been through the ultimate had determined that railway com- radio report from the commander in terror and destruction-ha ha munications were inadequate to of a bombing squadron to his no thought of clearing out him- get him to the battle
pm-home base. If ptly, and was seek permis dropped on Algiers as ordered.
He said, "Bornbs Felt,
Troops and commanders were sion to march of his com- mand in half-tracks
But wo know he had dropped his not experienced, but the boldness, over the bonus 10 miles out to sea be-courge, and stamina of General seven hundred miles between 'cause we had a plane in contact Anderson's forces could not have Oren and Seukel-Art,
The with him at the time. This evi- been exceeded by the most battle- staff officer to whom he was apdence of weakening enemy morals wise, veterans. Physical condi-}· nealing was well informed as to the chamcteristics of the half- the ground that the march would rack and refused permission on coume half of the useful life DO YOU of the vehicle!
except
ancak
The young staff officer was not KNOW
to blame for this extraordinary attitude. He had been trained
YOUR
pence, in the eternal need for "conomy, for avolding wasta. Peacetime training was possible. HONG
ng he well know, only when tho
nst would be Inconsequential, i He had not vet receptail the rea Rential harshness of war, he did
KONG?
depth of that city's despair? Are they to erect gimcrack huddles of death-trap shacks. for the protection of their families with neither ban nor help from our authorities?
The old policy of muddlingsaltuously, through years of through will just not do in the Hong Kong of 1948. By an announcement of November 20, the very site which was burned out on Monday, was liable to have been condemn- ed by the Police, the Urban Counell or the Medical. De- partment. No notion -wasternative ` accommodation is this plotura was. taken, despite the warning of provided. And in face of takent Thu an- other holocausts, any one of such a potential emergency gayan.
swar le In Page. which might have taken a as faces Hong Kong, it is zo hundred lives. It is how use saying-before changing ever, no use wiping out half wearily for the cocktail party a thousand huts unless some-that the problem is too kind of decent and safe al- large to face.
Dan your cognise where
ch
It is prudent to insura rather than to take a chance it will never happen to you.
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