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CHINA
THE CHINA MAIL, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1948.
THE ELEVENTH INSTALMENT
MAIL CRUSADE IN EUROPE
::
Editor-in-Chief-W. J. Karten.
Asst. EditorIan Mackenzie. Business Manager: W. R. Nolloth Telephones:
24054
Editors Reporters & General Offen 32312 (four Unen)
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DEATH BANDER Suddenly on November
10, 1948, Samuel Mitchal, be loved husband of Mrs, 5. M. Bander. Funeral Colonial ut afternoon Cemetery this 5.
11
a
EUROPEAN UNITY Within the next few days Committee set up by the five "Western Union" Gov- craments will begin to con- sider the steps to be taken greater Towards securing measure of unity between countries. The European Terms of reference are de- "Unity" is liberately wide. intended to comprise all pro- ets from schemes for £1 European federation with a federal parliament and federal government to plans lor closer co-operation be tween national governments. It is the British Government which has secured a widen
ng of the terms of reference. the original proposal would seem in some measure the five Govern- to commit ments in advance in principle both of the idea of à federal constitution and to an imme diate beginning of its pre- paration by the suggested European assembly. And these
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arc
10
The organisational plan for air. was' pressing in point of time. We intended quickly as possible in tomb- ing campaign
Gormany. A was all The Eighth cuted to our theatre, with Gen- crüt Spante assigned to me as it ***
Gen. to participate as
ngnt
commander. From the time of his arrival London in July he was never long absent from my side until the last victorinus shot had been flred in Europe. On every succeeding day of al- most three years of active war I had new reasons for thanking the gods of war and the War Department for riving me Tooey" Spratz. He shunned the imelight and was so modest and
retiring that the public probably never became fully cognisant of his value
All these preliminary organisa- tional tasks were normal to much enterprises. They had been an- ticipated and therefore were soon ttisposexi of, no for as immediate needs were concerned. Another we had to ar- trisk for which canise very specifically was al- most unique fa character. It in- wolved the fitting of our train- ing, building, and organisational activities into British life,
་མ་
entive
burden most the thrown onto the crowded sec- tions of middle
and southern England. with
troops some
We stationed in North Ireland. had to expect inevitable cinsles
civillan processes, and spite of the best will in the world Ion both sides, we had to anti- cipate, and do our best to pre- veni.
that irritations! mutunl would naturally lend 10 misunder standings and could not fall to Impede in the war effort.
tir.ns
standing of the reasons why his
Dwight D. Eisenhower's country took up, arms and of the Own. Story Of The War In Europe
į
conflicting consequences of vic- tory or defeat. Von Steuben commento vividly ph this point during the American Revolution. He explained in #letter to friend that l Europe you tell a soldier to do thus, and he does 11; and that in America i ia necessary also to tell him why he does it.
mare dimcult. Every American, arrival In England comisarship, truck or the streets, and every had been established by Amerl piece of ground withdrawn from can headquarters on stories in- cultivation, added to the Irrita- volving minor difficulties between Negro troops and other soldiers, or civilians. These incidents fre quently involved social contacts between our Negro soldiers and British girls. The British po- pulation, except in large cities and among wealthy classes, lacks ering of the Individual rights indeed to entnhat when convin
Fortunately all this was fore- seen and discussed frankly with the leaders of the British war
effort. Our prizelpal collabora- for was Mr. Brendan Bracken, end of the Ministry of Informa-
system
not
Once the recruit of 1941 was service the inducted into the military lender had to shoulder nimest exclusive responsibility for imparting such aut under- standing," but there was implied a glaring deficienty in our coun- try's
ing and girl.
It'
eduentional processes,
是非 me that constant
privilegen
had
British irl citizenship
the
|
Great Britain,
true,
he was
cliffiquit
of
the racial consciousness which is
of Amerlent so strong in the United States.
tion compelled cdisagreement with mall-town The
overshadowed | his, views, In most cases prob- would go to amovle or dance the equally important truth that
lems were solved on a baris such individuniisin can be sus- almost lustant Agreement, but with a Negro quite as readily
importmut issues tuinod only so long as the citizen infermittemis as she would with anyone else,
arose where this was far from accepts his full responsibility for a practice that our white saidlers
the understand. Brawls welfare of the nation That
He could bregne intense- protects him in the exercise of
oratorical, even in discussion these rights.
with a shiple person, but at the Belief in an underlying cause sure time his intensity of pur- delivery scum is fully as toportant to succes
made his pare uny local esprit or antural and opprapelute. He used discipline intluced or produced humour and path with equal by whatever kind of command or facility, nut drew on everything 10 Cromwell's
from the Greek classics leadership action. "Ironsides" marched into battle Donald Duck for quotation, citche, Their Iron dis- and forceful slang to support his singing hymus. cipline wis matched by an inner
position. that never deserted conviction them in any kind of drarnatic crisis,
sitio
in
our
denarracy
To my
of
in war s
the war.
tp
لا در شمار
Lion. He seemed to be as con- troversial a figure in British Me Hinery Hopkins was hours. bay he was always helpful to us and equally Important, he was decisive and energetic. He had another characteristle particiarly noticeable among a people nor-| could mally regarded as conservative often resulted and our white pol- and correl. Until I met him I diers were further bewildered hind always regarded the Ameri when they found that the British
firm stund can cowpuncher as the world's press took a
on the picturesque of the Negro. greatest muster of
The effect of Bracken's language.
When I learned at the press The plan to bring large fight-Innguage was always heightened | conference
that
stories of this ing forces to Great Britain re- by the rasping intensity of his kind were on the censored list 1
those highly populated in- quired
voler.
at oner revoked the order and Intensive lands to ready themselves for the
programmes were told the pressmen to write as they absorption of 2,000,000 Americans undertaken, all designext to the pleased-urging them only not to
into lose he Americans newly and to provkle for them neces-
Arrived!
their perspective.
I admind and liked him. He knew this perfec: well and facilities, including training the highly complex life vi Astonishment, severnl reporters sury
thickly populated area in such_a
spoke up to ask me to retain the Krounds, in which to prepare, for
never hesitated to use that know- Grosvenor Square, where our ledge in his effort to saving me way as to minimise trouble. Of bun, giving me a number of argu- the great invasion. England's in-
hemiquarters and the American suficiency in food supplies had
the niready led to a programine of
these programmes, probably
ic his own line of thought is any ments in support of their recum-
Embassy were located, through was. Inductrina- | mendations. They said that trou-
nrgument Yet in spite of his most successful tton and education of bolli sides, lemakers would exaggerate the
the placing even submarginal ground
motller's love of nicknames
strength of purpose, in these in- with
soon became "Eisenhowerplati, cultivation, coupled, under intensive
deliberate inter- importance of the incidents and
stances where we found our con- taken up at the reports,
and was so referred to, at times, victions in direct opposition, hn while, to save fuel and power;
mingit in homes and public that nil
transportation.
In the press. places. Through Brendan Brac-home, would cause domestic dis- unnecessary
never once lost his friendly atmi facilities had
kea the British publle was con- tension. I thanked been
them but and
This was merely amusing, butitude toward me when I persist- he and power eliminated. Our friendly Inva- stantly informed as to what to stuck to my point, with the re- the location made it difficult to ed in my own course, nur
increase thr
expect. He explained the Reces sult that little real excitement lead a quiet personal life. British fall to sion would vastly
respect with meticulous accupied as the The:
the ally for further accommodation Was
caused by ensuing | hospitality and ever
presence in Atrain on the_population.
care the position and sheriflers among the whole
It was a lesson 1 feled London of #101les. whole of the British Isles is only
umber of American senior American officer and, later. than Colortuto allghtly larger
population. and The
need for always to remember.
friends combined
bring me the Allied commander in Europe. tolerance. AL the same time
these Certain portions were either un-
Progress In
keen all He was a matters of numerable invitations of
student of the usable or unsuited to our pur- educational pamphlets and litern-administration, preparation, train- Klaris. Finally, to avoid the in- war's developments and of mill- post Southern Ireland was neu- ture were distributed to Ameri-in, pinning, had to go forwardl cacapable incidents of hotel life.
tary history, and discussion with An early de- tral, white Scotland was short of con troops before their embarka-simultaneously.
1 moved my personal quarters him, even on purely professional Al-
from
the grounds, United States. Heleney, the
warting Army to quid little collage on the
was never profitless. If suitable areas for training.
These were written in the verna-involved a dismaying lack
I lived there he accepted a decisieti unwilling edge of the city.
and ly he would return again with my naval alde. Conman- elax and contained specille sug-comprehension on the part of our
Dutcher, and gestions to facilitate the just-soldiers as to fundamental causes der. Harry C.
to the attack in an effort agnin to Michael Me- ment of American soldiers to the of the war. Differences between orderly, Sergeant
to have his own way, up to the But new environment,
Two Negro and totalitarianism Keogh."
soldiers, ver
very moment of axecution.
started he had once action was Wherever
newly ar- were matters of academic rather Sergeants John Moaney and John possible.
were than personal interest: sokliers Hunt, joined us to take care of gived American personnel
a faculty for forgetting every with grave and far-
ohead, take it
why the house and a through a short tour
saw no apparent reuson
simple mest thing in his desire, to ደረ reaching issues which cannot
Britain's bombed areas. The conflict between the two was any They stayed with me throughout and invariably tried to provide be prejudiced in advance in
American Red Cross and the sev» cuncern of America. No matter
British support in a greater de-
of From July onward I did not. thon promised. Some
the the mere setting up of a Com-
eral relief and welfare organisa- what clash of opinion hul exut-
LICE mittee. Since The Hague
tions of Great Britain helped bed on the point before the war during the war, accept any in- questions in which I found my- suinte
of home enter begni, a clear, simple, and com- vitation except from the Prime self, at various periods of the Congress, there has indeed
tainment of American Gls by mnly hell understanding was Minister or from memliers of the war, opponed to the Prime Minis- been a feeling of a concertel
British families. I have never pow essential among our troops.
American or British armed sør-
ter were among the most critical and strenuous effort
Except during World War I,
vices. These always had bust-
faced, but so long as 1, was act- the United States public has yet met an American soldier who, An attentant deficiency
after spending a work end with a similar lack of comprehension stampede. Governments and habitually looked upon Europe's
nesans their primary object. ing within the limits of my com-
Visits to
the troops had not
bined directive he had no author- public opinion of Western quarrels as belonging to Europe British, family, did not feel that to the need for battle discipline
ity to intervene except by per- Amerten hi reason every
yet assumed their later proper- Europe into immediate, ill-f alone. For
and and for incesant training in a staunch sturdy All
Ally. We found, however, teamwork and in the employment tions on my schedule; there were suasion or by complete destruc- of the Atlet concept. still reintively few units in the tion considered and far-reaching | American soldier coming to Bri-
that a British family, inspired by|of| Weapons. steps towards federation.
to show determination
real Both subjects evoked frequent
Nevertheless, in counties ways. United Kingdom to visit. The motives are no doubt be
of the earliest trips of this sort he could have mule my task hospitality, was likely to utilise comment by observant press re
The matter coukl an entire week's rations to en- presentatives. But the vond reproach.
was in connection with our first harder one had he been anything. tertain an American over Sun- not be dismissed-as some com- offensive operation against the less than bly, and 1 shall always methods are dangerous.
af federa-hand, the British public looked in soldier to carry ralions complacent statement that all of
tiny. At onee We encouraged manders tried to do with the eramy bombing raid to enle owe him an immeasurable debt for his unfailing For this thesis
brute July 4, 1942. The targets of gratitude upon itself as one of the saviours tion or, at any rate, of an
be with them on these home visits, this came about because the were four German airdromes in courtesy and sealous support, re- of democracy, particularly be
Six Bostons immediate federation of even
not yet "blonded." | Halland,
under gardless of his dislike of some Cause, for entire year, it had while a publicity campaign ex- troops were
an
He was has West European countries, is
always existed stood alone as the unbreakable platned the matter to the British There
command of Captain Charles C. Important decisions.
is a war leader and he as to save their pride curious motion that instant per- Kegelman, included as part of a great not one in be accepted with- opponent of Nazism and the Eu- bots, so
and preclude embarrassment. Infection in these matter comes larger British formation, ran in- great man. out full consideration of the ropean Axis. Foilure to under-
Our planning and organisa- every direction where we expect, about with the first whistle of a would stand
attitude
to severe flak and two falled to this difficulties. Yet any sugges-
ed trouble wo intituled preven hostile bullet. Admittedly there return. To mark our entry intonal work sometimes involved course have unfortunate results.
concep- tion of difficulty, any sugges-
live If
to the European Bghting I took differences in national the United Kingdom had
mensures generally with are certain things to be learned
that struck al the very "The success. keynote of the cam from battle experience that can time to visit the crews imme-tions, great open spaces in tion that perhaps a mechani-
possessed cal federation would be no which to concentrate the Ameri- fatim was avoidance of mawkish be absorbed in no other way. Qu dintely before the take-off, and foundation of our
forces, the problem would sentimentality and the basing of the other hand, any commandertalked with the survivers after These poln's were discussed in an cure for Europe's problems, can
ail our
unit to enter baille their programmes on facts who permits have been less acute, but because and might even
but they were none the aggravate
with emphasis on opportunity for lacking any advantage. any During the war Mr. Churchill of the density of population every
serious. Whenever I found close discovery persount them, is met by accusations
soldier arriving In England made
contact less of facts. I needed instruction, or any useful maintained such living conditions just that much Everyone who occupied a respon under his unit beforehand, is him a vietuni
that could be im- of "reactionary nationalism"
with all operations as to make myself opposed to the views of Prime Minister, he was, member of the the -rather in
sible position in Britain during parted to that the vein of
course, supported by his that time will always have a feel guilty of a grave crime against British Chiefs of Staff; I cannot of Cabinet
be leads.
inci technical "Pravda" dealing with Mar
and admiration} the soldiers he ances: Socialists of different ing of gratitude
remember
pny major discussion War shai Tito--of endangering nationalities: Catholics of for the almost universal spirit of That a soldier should unde with them in which he did not advisers. That differences should economic recovery, of forfeit-different nationalities: Com-
Co-operation, tolerance.
occur was inescapable and na- and stand why he is
participate. is fighting would friendship displayed by
tural. Varying situations in_na- Aus Inspirational leader. both
not seem to be an arguable point. ing American sympathy, of munists and Conservatives.
tional geography bring with them seemed to Uplly Britaju's courage jeopardising the peace.
differences in military doctrine, Is it possible to gonceive of
This type of problem brought attempt to oversimplify this psy. and persevordpec in adversity
and special war experiences bring But there are arguments a strong and stable govern- immediately to the fore the need chological problem with the as- and Its conservation in success. against federation itself which ment, arising from such a for an effective Puble Relations sertion that soldiers fight for only He was a man of extraordinarily with them strong differences in
strong conviction and a master in
projected strategy. An early, in- TRANS-ASIATIC AIRLINES (SIAM) LTD. need serious weighing. His-medley? Is it conceivable Section of the headquarters. Our a few simple and essentially local
stance involved the proposed em- concern was emphasized by the
Com~ easons. Among these they in- argument and debate. tirely happy. The formation with the formidable problem tous, the American and the Bri- for the opinion of comrades, and
war and discharging his respon- ing bombing force. NEXT FLIGHT
of the United States was com- not merely of co-ordinating| Ush,e informed
To Be Continued Minister Prime on a variety of blind devotion to an immediate sibility R paratively easy, The com-but of unifying the widely subjects. I began the practice of lend
of lender. These things
Im- ponent states had only re-diverse financial and mond-holding short. informal confer portant and the wise commander cently become independent.tary systems of the compon ences with the press, for the pur-will neglect none of them in this pose of discussing Our mutual effort to produce a first-class They shared a common lan-ent states?
problems and auding common lighting unit in which all tho solutions for them. I insisted members Аге 80 trained that that they occupy positions as chances of success and Individu-
raised quasi-staff alicers on my staff, nt survival-are
to the But the America!! and I respected their collective maximum. responsibilities in the war as they soldier, in spite of wisecracking. did mine.
sometimes cynical speech, is on My first press conference had | Intelligent human being who de- a curious result, Prior my mands and deserves busic under-
Leave H.K.
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this
tain was almost cerlain to con- sider himself a privilegest crusa- der, sent there to help Britain out of hole. He would expect to be treated as such. On the other
of
WRS A
Yel:1 1 have heard commanders
return.
On:
he
[
plan.
basic
vity of cordiality and ob-
torical precedents are not en-that such a body could cope: necessity for keeping two popula- clude pride in akt, prespect | pletely devoted to winning the ployment af, our slowly develob--
guage, a common law, a large There are other problems. measure of common tradi-The relation of a "United tion. Yet that union broke States of Europe" to the into two warring factions and Commonwealth. The future was only restored forcibly of overseas colonies.
The after an exhausting struggle.question of a whole network In Europe the German Con- of treaties on various sub-. féderation of 1815, also with ects which exist between a certain "national" unity as European and non-European its basis, collapsed in war, states.
and was only re-created and The more one studies the stabilised by Prussian millaubject the more one is driven tary dominance. Even the to the conclusion that though Swiss Confederation has been the development of closer riven by civil war and the methods of co-operation is revolt of the Sonderbund possible as well as desirable, Cantons.
the rapid and artificial crea- Federation, then, is notion of "United States of guarantee of internal peace; Europe" could casily bring and a European federation catastrophe, It would create leading to a European civil bodies incapable of carrying war would be of little value.out their functions. It would Would such "ap" artificial, create dew, difficult and com- federation, in fact, be strong-'pifcated problends with no er oven militarily than a efficient apparatus for their looser partnership? Consider solution. And the very close- the "Parliament of Europe'-news and formality of the as- and the government respon- sàciation might and for In- sible to it. The Parliament" crakse, and Exaperbate latont would be a patchwork of inätional patagprisitis and the political parties and of na relentment of new “milnor tional groups, of shifting all-itfos".
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