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THE CHINA `MAIL, TUESDAY, JUNE 29, 1948.
Has Japan Absorbed Democracy As Readily As Is Fro- quently Claimed? Some Japanese Writers, According
To The Following Articlo, Rogard It As
AN OCCUPATION FALLACY
BUDDHISM FACES UP TO MARXISM
By ALAN HUMPHRIES
They total only 18 seats out of
With censorship relaxed to ajof weap as was responsible for whure. This trend did not re-
Simon Wijesinghe sat olil. certain extent in recent months, Japhn's. defeat. They understand present the revival of the
cross-seats, are both Fourth_Interna=. Instend it legged on the earth floor of the tionalist. The orthodox Commun- there has been a noticeable trend neither militarism, aggressive war, semi-stave systems. among Japanese newspapers and nor the significance of the Tokyo was the result of the economic wooden walled,
palm - leat-ist Party has only three seals. Though defeated, they structure that embraced Japan and gazed wearily out through themselves. The two Trotskylte thatched hut that was his home These three parties fight among magazines to criticise, at least by trials. implication, some of the major intend to give the world its re-today.
the open door.
parties ara divisted more by the claims of the Occupation.
venge
He should have been meditating ambitions. of their Manifold Forms.
respective Revelations late last year that a Each of the village assemblynien.
upon the mysterics of the Budd- leaders than anything else. The Hidden Government founded spent from several 10,000 yer
yen to
hist religion, but instead he was "so-called Bolshevik Leninist on the oyabun-kübun (boss more than 100,000 yen as election Oyabun-kobug relations were watching the evening shadows Party makes the Communist HK$18.00 henchman) system was sill four- expenses, which went mostly for in evidence fr. old forms darken the ricefleld.
Party semides.. beenuse it is ishing in Japan caused u Press food and drinks and corrupt prae- First 'ey existed in the relition-
Sunset would bring releggé for "un Insuli to the doctrines of "Because voters vote for stup between I.K.S30.00 controversy that has been reviv-trees.
the operators Simon. He was only 17, and 24 Bolshevism and Leninism.”- ed from time to time, generally the candidate who fetes them to medium and small mines and eon! hours of fasiling, silence, anit But they all agree on opposiitys- II.K.$72.00 by writers who claim that demo-food and drink at the election iners employed there, Many of meditation didn't come easy to the UN.P. and all agree that
cracy has not yet made a very office, as many is possible were tie mine owners were local rosses an active youth.
to become a they want Ceylon invited deep impression upon the Japan-
the office to the
through
per-and drew ming Inbour by virtue
Socialist republie. ese people.
sonal
connections," the article of the influence of their "face" The Enlightenment Two recent articles, one ap- continued. "If it As found that
Putwardly mine workers were Simon didn't really understand os, compared with the 42 of the pearlag in the Tokyo newspapers such efforts arc Ineffective, the employed as ordinary wage-carn-what it was all about. Of course UN.P., which governs with the Mrs. A. F. Olsson wishes to on-
money to Ing labourers but actually they be knew that it was Wesak, the aid of 21 Independents. But the nounce the
Shin Tokyo, a moderate left-wing candidate then spend engagement
employed second daughter Even daily and the other in Hyeron, buy over the voters. This is the were
under oyabun Day of the Enlightenment of her
U.N.P. Isn't so strongly placed as Most of Japan's leading politient fundamental feature of elections kobun relations.
of the Buddha, and that he was only one the Bgures would suggest. It le Astrid Olsson of B Village
and literary magazines, denit with of the village assemblymen and prominent Eesses in mining dis-of 100,000 young men who, all net a homogenous party and
borses, the basis of political understand-tricts
over Ceylon, hol put on white different sections village life and coal mine dating among the Vilgers," tain Dale W.
range from the, "Under the
the heading "Japan's
small coal mines.
robes and fasled in silence and extreme Right to Left of Centre. C.P.A.
the teachings of
It, too, has its internal differ- the Shin Tokya said
was a Bosses-An Anti-thesis of De-kobun relationship centred around Buddha.
ences caused by the struggle for Ho realised tog that the superBeiul observation of the ur-mocracy," the "yoron," a widely the labour rections of coal mining
power and position of ambitious Iran arens to report that Japan circulating and widely respected companies, the article continued
raffrontobed monks had been Ministers. much more active recently. was advancing on the road to de-magazine, says the proletariat no- Mining
The U.N.P. does not companies employed
under- The answer to Simon's half- estimate the threat from the ex- mocracy. we step into the pulation created by post-war Intives of local strong-arm men
formulated, unnsked
question farm villages we will and that economic chaos, demobilization, as officials of the labour seeikons
treme. Left. At a recent officiat horrible. feudolistic Idens and repatriation and war dainage pro- in an attempt to suppress labour bout this upsurge of religious dinner, attended by the Ameri- phenomena are not only remain- vher the best hot-bed for uve-unen eindtice with bynbou quarters of the United National said frankly that if the
fervour lay in the Colombo head- con Ambassador, Senanayake Time runs on, and much
Such a re- ing as they were in pre-war years bun-kobun relations
activitica
United has already clapsed since but aggravated by the difficulties lationship had permented mining kobun relations
Party, which has provided the States was going to make money Commonwealth's youngest Dami available to combat Communism, both Houses of the United brought on by the blockmarket labour to such on extent that in on the loyalty of the kobun orion with its
Northern Kyushu, feudalistic boss henchmen to
Bert Government Ceylon would the paternalistic and which before that controlled dollars.
be glad of some States Congress passed the and inflation," the paper sald. Marshall Plan or "European Typical Example
influences were in evidence every- | oyabun or boss).-Reuter,
There la another big reason Recovery Programme." One 1 etted as a typical example a
Writing On The Wall why the UN.P. decided upon re-
ligion as its appreciates now the wisdom village in Yamanash! Ken, about
major propaganda answer, ten, appears on
weapon against Marxism. It many of Colombo's crenm-paint- isn't easy to talk political eco- of the Washington Govern- BO miles west of Tokyo.
The first problem in this vil-
ed walls, where, hastily daubed
a landless pedsantry, in red, is the slogan: "For real largely literate and living on
nomy to independence, against fake Jude-
the poverty line, who have been pendence." and the atom of the told that the land should be sickle and the hammer. Some theirs.
HITCHES IN.U.S. POLICY
owners
ners of medium and
mocratization in
in Mere Infancy." Under the beading "Coal
"Coal Mine The second form ofoyabun-contemplated
ment when it earlier lastectural authorities' decided to
appoint seven. The villagers com- plained that this was too muny. After the arrival of the seven
p
own
winter secured the passage of an emergency scheme for relieving France and Italy. Had it not done so, they might both ere now have been lost 10
village
are bosses They may be lost yet, if the "The execution of the programme,bution, of 200
therefore set a minimum contri-
yen from continues to be tied into tangles by American official-household, and in this way more
than 1,500,000 yen
was forcibly collected. Then a Crime Preven
Society Was tion Co-operative
policemen, the villagers, for their refused to make said. (oyabun)
democracy conterests, the article
dom.
Not less urgent, but, as far
every
formed by
by the bosses, B police
as one may judge, still less
substation and barracks were advanced, is America's mili-built, bicycles bought and it was cuch of the police-
money
of
тем
(which depend
SHARP ATTACK ON FIELD-MARSHAL
SMUTS
London, June 27.
the State Council.
The
To counter the activities and
extrome
I
In his now book, "Kaffirs are Lively," Mr. Oliver times the figure "4" is painted in
Main plank in the Marxist par- Walker, a South African journalist, condemns the centre of the sickle.
ties' campaign against the Gov- the Union's treatment of the coloured popula-steady growth of the
emment is their accusation. that big, bluft, grey-headed Stephers tion and 'mokes a domand for an aggressive to step outside politics and sim-status for Ceylon by selling out Loft parties, the U.N.P. decided Senanayake bought Dominion liberalism in South Africa.
to British Capitalism.
Dominant Factors. The big British tea and rubber companies, they point out, still the dominant factors in the Island's economic life.
Walker, in his preface, says he got his material when he was assigned to survey the work of the Native Affairs Department for the purpose of compiling a series of booklets intended chiefly for the United States and Britain, tary task-that of organising decided to pay monthly a livell-torical
Besides outlining the his-{ in Western Europe reason-
men 1,000 yen
development of the Union's coloured policy, the able protection against the hood compensation mon
a subheading "Hoarded book deals exhaustively with Under threat of Russian invasion.goods and bribery of officials,"
the conditions of the Africans When one terms this task the article said the bosses were America's, it is not meant, also Bnanced by a village com-in-the-nuines and reserves, on farts and in urban and ruraÍ course, that
quantity America pany which had a large
locations. "The
company should do everything and the of hoarded goods.
deposited them in various rest nothing. The solution warehouses of the village to evade of Western Europe's defence check-up by the authorities.. For problem, like that of its this fact, the company is economic problem, must be often obliged to make forced con
tributions." sought largely in self-help and in mutual help between Europeans. Neither, how-
The article deplores the Inch ever, will be forthcoming of political consciousness among without American initiative villagers. They belleve shortage and American material on a large scale.
to
once
No Significance
now
Communist voting together is not so surprising in that perspective.
10
Mr. Walker says na under- standing of South African ta- bour and race problems is pos. sible without à firm grand of the first tenet of the creed of the minas-"Thou shalt employ only cheap migrant labour."
Greek Guerillas Active
Athens, June 20. Guerilla forces attacked an
Marxism."
grown
plify the issue to "Buddhism or
Marxism had throughout the world on the
of religion, destruction
they argued, a vigorous religion could destroy Marxism.
are
The U.N.P. pamphlets are quite There has been some transfer flank about this. One quotes the of British plantations and business utterence by Marx that "religion interests to Ceylonese capital in is the oplum, of the people." But the past couple of yeara, But, the pamphlet continues that "to say the Marxists and with truth the Marxist bis philosophy is a these represented shrewd deals, religion in itself and therefore mostly by
oy proprietor-planters. the wholesale cradication of any and individual business other religion is called for." who sold inferior holdings and When the mored Buddhist re-} declining firms at peak prices lies from Sanchi were returned based on wartime profits.
10 by Britain
Ceylon, Prime Minister Senanayake himself went down to the Colombo jetty to meet the incoming ship.
The Trotskyites
of
men
Senanayake's attitude, however, was that the island's trade and commerce had been so much in British hands for so long, that eny immediato Interference would only mean loss and hard- ship for Ceylon.
It was the Left parties which first enlisted the aid of Buddhism.
In a detailed review of condi-important supply line of the On that day there was a great! tions in the reserves, Mr. Walker Greek army today and des-Ferahera, a long procession gives a picture of steady deterior- ation and deserthes segregation troyed part of the Elasson-caparisoned and bejewelled elo-There were, it seems, some priests as a "pipe dream."
in North Phants, accompanied by music and monks who felt that Kozano highway
there lans, dancers, and priests, which could be A whole chapter of the book eastern Greece, a
a narrowing General had carried the relics to
of the is devoted to ciltielsing General Staff communique reported. Museum, Smuts.
Inequalities among Ceylon's pro- Afterwards 2,000,000 pla
without contravening the people visited the Museum to teachings of Buddha,
Test Of Loyalty
The Only Test
the
People 'galmat conditions which lashed out in familiar territory. "Buddhism or Communism," for saffron masquerading in tho
What is hindering the dis- charge of both tasks at the
The road is a connecting link view the sacred relics. Mr. Walker says the only test between o Greek Second Army The chairman of the UN.P. Washington end is the occur- What can be done about in Africa of a man calling him- corps supply base at Larissa, and Propaganda Commitice pointed A number appeared on the rener this year of the Ameri-these things? On the econo-self a statesman is the way he the Grammos operational head-out: "The influence of the priest-platform at Marxist meetings, can election. Not only has mic side Mr. Marshall and pasures up to the adjustment quarters at Kozane to the north- hood with the people is very pro- but these were denounced by the
and advancement of white and west. to think all Senator
Moreover, the President
It runs through a high found. Vandenberg have black-relations.
Buddhism U.N.P. as "better known among valley flanked by Mount Pierria teaches that men are NOT equal, their associates for their Marxist the time about votes--and put their fingers on the incondemning. Generat "and-Mount Karvounia.
and it propagates 'n philosophy-of-zeal-than-their-priestly platy," voters, but all the Repre-essential when fighting the
Smuts, Mr. Walker daclaros
acceptance".
-It-was-also-daricly hinted that that never sentatives and one-third of Taber cuts.
has a atatesman But what is
Rebel chlertulit Markos. Note that the
is some of them were fakes, spent more time in warning his Vañades's Communist rebels "Buddhism or the Senators have to do so true of cutting the pro-
Marxiam
not Marxists mas too.
robe. The Recovery Pro-
gramme will also be true of
he has stendity assisted In They have been operating in this Ceylon, strangely, has the world's If true, this was a severo test gramme passed both Houses attaching to its execution a
creating.
area for the past two years. largest Trotskyite movement. of party loyalty. The life of a in March under the shock code of unpractical condi
The author dedicates his "book
The Sama Samaja – (Equalilor- | bhikku is one of extreme ascetic- American tions.
the "Kafferboeties, Liberals administered
Apparently the rebels were Jan Society) Party, which has ten ism and it takes many months for and ather Christian gentlemen-of trying to cripple the opinion by Russia's-rape of We saw in the Anglo-Africa,-in-whose applied human offensive launched by six Greek Commons,
all-out seats in the Ceylon House of the hair to grow again once your and the Bolshevik- head has been shaven, aa cleánly Czechoslovakia; and the same American Loan Agreement Ity Iles the only hope for the Army-divisions-in-the primitive Leninist Party, which bas Ave as a Buddhist monk's. shock enabled
of the President how the short-sightedness of peaceful progress
great mountain country along the Al- banian border,-Associated Press. Truman to demand in a American finance can defeat continent."-Heuter. most courageous message its own ends; it was the 'con- the adoption of peace-time dition imposed on us in re- conscription. Otherwise most gard to convertibility of Congressmen would have sterling that brought the hesitated in an election year whole loan clattering down. to vote money for foreigners There seems reason. to be- or conscription for foreign lieve that 'the American campaigns. Now that the Treasury has not fully-learn- shock has in some measure ed the lesson, and it is a worn off, the old vote-catch- good thing that despite the ing attitudes recover their July 3 deadline, both Houses value, and public spirit in of Parliament are to discuss the better sense becomes the terms proposed before, more difficult for an Ameri- they have been agreed and can politician.
signed,
In consequence of all this, And what of the military American prestige in West | side? Here the essential ern Europe has fallen ser-thing is that all the forces iously during the past month. of Western Union should be How seriously, may be seen | brought under one General in some measure from the Staff to act as one army with, very narrow margin whereby as far as possible, identity the French Assembly adher- of equipment and tactics. ed to co-operation with the America could help, not only United States and Great Bri-by increasing her co-operat- tain in Western Germany.ing forces, but also by sup- Other elements entered into plying plentiful equipment. that vote, but the root of it of the most up-to-date kind. was the fear that if Russia After all, it was. lack of resented Anglo-American- equipment and lack of unity French policy in Germany which caused the armies of and struck back, the blow France, Belgium and Holland
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America would not have war;, and the same causes nearly enough force on the would still have the same spot to intercept it. It is a effects if war broke out to- fear which, if it persisted,morrow. To remedy this in might end by taking France the most inmediately urgent into the pro-Russian camp, taak of all, but it has scarcely This spectacle of Gaullist and been begun.
CARNIVAL
By Dick Turner
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