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THE CHINA MAIL, MONDAY, MAY 31, 1948.
The
Thirty-Ninth Churchill's Memoirs
Instalment
"OPERATION
HAMMER"
Moreover, the personal relations enormous of the
the high naval figures involved. were. Lord Cork, was senior
peculiar. Roger Keyes, like to the Commander-in-Chief and the First Sea Lord. Admi: Pound had been for two years Koyer's Staff
the
danelles, hero and victor of Officer was wounded. but he took) preparations. The int this par-plain to me that all professional resignation, and Adml. Forbes
There is in the troubled world of today no more ex-
The appointment of Lord Cork, plosive spot than Palestine. also an Admiral of the Fleet, to Nevertheless it is being command the naval operations at Narvik although he was senior lo handled in more than one
the Commander-in-Chief, Adml.
to quarter with a rashness that Forbes, himself, seemed threatens to produce an in- move the difficulties of rank, Ad- always the mirals of the Fleet are situation | dangers of which are match on the active list, and Keyes had ed only by the intricacy of many contacts at the Admiralty. their repercussions.
ternational
to
re-
He spoke and wrote to me res pentedly with vehemence, TO
Dardanelles minding me of the
of
•
Plans to seize Trondheim by direct as- sault-"Operation Hammer"--were at first approved by the Chiefs of Staff. Subsequently, to the disappointment of Sir Roger Keyes (later Lord Keyes), who was to lead the expedition, the Chiefs of Staff advised against the scheme..
the whole area
him
Re-
WILHELMINA LOOKS BACK
for
of the
Here also the Navy had made a On the other hand the land-fand were lodgment, and on April 18 Briga-ings which were already being the departmental outlook of their really not true.
influenced' unduly by the capacity to dare; but this was dler Morgan with a military force successfully carried out both own Services. They met together, of acting from a subordinate port».
The difficulties arrived and took command. Lieu- north and south of Trondheim after talking things over with tion in the violent manner requir tenant-General Massy was ap- seemed to all these authorities to their respective Ministers, and led are of the first magnitude. polated Commander-in-Chief of offer a far less dangerous solu sued "aide-memoires" or memo- all the forces operating in Cen-tion. The Chiefs of Staff drow randa which carried tral Norway. This officer had to up a long paper opposing “Opera-weight. Here was the fatal weak- exercise his command from the lon Hammer."
nesa of our system of conducting War Office because there was us This began with a reminder war.at this time. yet no place for his Headquarters that a combined operation invol- on the other side.
ving an opposed landing was one My great friond, Admiral of
Carton de Wiart reached Nam- of the most difgcult and hazar- When I became aware of this officer in the Mediterranean. For the Fleet Sir Roger Keyes, sos under heavy air attack on the dous operations of war, requiring right-about-turn I was indignant, mo to take Roger Keyes's advice champion of forcing the Dar-evening of the 15th His Staff the most careful and detailed and questioned searchingly
Chiefs of Staff officers "concerned.
against his would have vas soon his
entailed It had Zeebrugge, passionately longed effective charge on the spot.
realised that to lead the Fleet or any por
Hicular operation would involve opinion was new adverse to the relate well have anked to be On April 17 I explained in out-very serious risks. tion of it past the batteries
relieved of his Command As there had operation which only a few days into the Trondheim flord and line to the Supreme War Counell been no reconnaissance
or air before it had spontaneously es-in the position I held to
It was certainly not my duty storm the town by landings making for the landing at Trond-worked out from maps and charts.
the plan which the Staffs were photographs the plan bad been poused.
confront the Prime Minister and my War Of course there was at hand, Cabinet colleagues with these per- from the sea.
in passionate ardour for action sonal dramas at such a time and and glory, Sir Rager Keyes. He upon an operation which, for all way scornful of these belated its
attractiveness and fears and second thoughts.
interest, Ilo volunteered to lead a handful of lation to the Norwegian campaign, was essentially minor even in re- older ships with the
necessary to say nothing of the general war. transports Info Trondheim Flord, I therefore submitted to the land the troops and storm the abandonment of "Hammer." I ro- place before the Germans got any ported the facts to the Prime stronger.
Minister on the afternoon of, the Roger Keyes had formidable 18th, and though bitterly disap- credentials of achievement. In pointed he, like me, had no choice
there burned a flame. It was but to accept the new position." No fair-minded observer
The forces Immediately The plan had the further disad-suggested in the May debates that can acquit the British Gov-and how easily the Straits could heim.
"the fron of the Dardanelles had have been forced if we had not available were one regular bri-
vantage that it ernments, past and present, been stopped by timid obstruc-gade from France (2,500 strong). concentrating almost
(To Be Continued) would involve entered into my soul, meaning World Copyright reserved. of all blame for the position lonists.
1,000 Canadians and about 1,000 of the Home Fleet in on
that on account of my downfall; production, even partially, in any that has arisen. There have Ad and the Naval Staff general reserve.
At the Admiralty the First Seamen of a Territorial brigade as a where it could be subjected to on that occasion I had no longer language, strictly prohibited. been British
The Military Co-ordina-hen shortcomings
did not shrink from the ven-tion Committee had been advised heavy attack from the air. There in regard to Palestine, in-
were also new factors in the ture. On April 13 the Admiralty that the forces available were situation which should be taken cluding the ignoring of Mr. had officially informed the Com- adequate and that the risks, al-into account. We had seized the Churchill's warning against mander-in-Chief of the Supreme though very considerable, were landing places at Namsos and An- delay in handing over the Council's decision to allot troops justified.
dalsnes and established- forces mandate
United for the capture the
The operation would be sup- ashore there. Trondheim, and had raised the question with ported by the full strength of the There were reliable reports Nations Organisation.
him in a positive manner whether Fleet, and two carriers would be that the Germans were improving Against the British short the Home Fleet should not force available with a total of about the defences at Trondheim: and comings should be set a long the passage.
100 aircraft, including 45 fighters. reports of our intention to make record of impartial adminis-
Adml. Forbes agreed that the The provisional date for the land- a direct landing at Trondheim had The years rolled back
oying was April 22.
The opening years of the one tration that would have been shore batteries might be destroy-ing was
appeared in the Press. On recon- Holland's Wilhelmina, when she and the closing ed or dominated in daylight by In reply to inquiries whether sidering the original
years project in chose to announce a credit to any country, im-battleships, if provided with sult the Chiefs of Staff were in agree-the light of these new factors, the abdication in the centenary year Boor War. The
her Intended other were clouded by the same coincidence is partiality by which Arabs able ammunition. None was car-ment with the plans as outlined, Chiefs of Staff unanimously re- of her father's accession. and Jews alike profited. rled at that moment Home the Chief of the Air Staff sald
carried further by the physical commended ost that
"I remember as yesterday May and mental similarities of the two change of plan. The first and most
this was Nor did any British Govern-Fleet ships.
The operation
12, 1889, when it was 40 years women: their stocky stature, force They still thought it essential ago that my unforettable father of character, and their political ment or Party misuse the
troopships from heavy air siderable risks, but these were that we should seize Trondheim was sworn in and installed..."influence based on ahrowd judg-.. -Palestinian issue for domes-attack over the 30 miles approach worth running-
The
Prime and use it as a base for sub- she said. tic, political or electoral pur-through narrow waters, and the Basized the importance of vis; but they urged that, intend later, on his death, they showed Prince Henry of Mecklenburg- agreed with this view and sequent operations in Scandina He was William III.. A year! Wilhelmina's Consort WES If the same could next to carry out truthfully be said of all the landing of which ample warning air co-operation. The War Ca- of the direct frontal assault, we the little girl from the balcony of Schwerin, whom she married in
had been given. In the circum-binet gave cordial approval to the should push In
the maximum the palace. She looked down on 1901, She was widowed in 1934. great powers, the present stences he did not consider the enterprise. I did my best to have forces possible at Namsos and the crowd and said: "Do all theap
be thight
It has been said that I carried out.
Queen less operation feasible.
Andalsnes
seize control of the people belong to me?"
Wilhelmina was the richest Queen The Naval Staff persisted in Although Narvik was, my pet, *BRAL
1 road and rall communications "No, my child,' seld
her in Europe. In this respect
Her private income their view, and the the Gov-
Admiralty threw myself with increasing con-running through Dombas and en- mother, Queen "it is you before the war was £135,000 ernment of the United States plied on April 15 as follows:
my earnest agreement re-fidence into this daring adven-velop Trondheim from the north who belong to
ture, and was willing that the and south. Shortly before the Nearly ten more-years-went by, State grant of £180,000 a year. year. In addition, there was the cannot be held blameless.
We still think that the opera-Fleet should risk the weak bat main landings at Namsos and in a world that today looks a But whatever her riches however comprehensible may tion described should be fur-teries at the entrance to the flord, Andalsnes,
at Utopia of tranquillity, before the has been the outer forts
по doubt about ber be its desire not to estrange
ther studied. It could not take the possible minefields and, most Trondheim should be bombarded people and the young
Queen
her place for seve the Jewish voters in a "pre-
simplicity—or to really belonged to
dignity. which serious, the air. Seven
anys,
from the sea with a view
each other. Life in the white palace at The would be devoted to careful The ships carried what was in lead sidential year." It put pres-
leading the enemy to suppose Meantime, her mother was Danger from air
air those days very powerful anti-that direct assault was due to gent. The wheel turns, and now of devout Christianity, with the Re-Hague has been ordered on lines sure on the United Nations
less wherever aircraft armament. If Trondheim take place.
it is
is her daughter. Assembly-to-accept-the par-
day beginning these large troopships
in prayer and a taken, the neighbouring or We should thus Invest Trend-Britain's aged Victoria was at Bible "arc -were-
lesson. After 1 frugal tition of Palestine no matter
brought into the danger zone. field of Voernes would he in our beim by land and blockade it by on the throne when Wilhelmina breakfast
comes attention Our what resistance the Arabs
10 sea; and although its capture began to rule.
The year
was State affairs in her study. addition to R.A.F. bombing of
1 felt that we would take longer than originally 1898. Like Victoria, the
was! Afterwards came should do our utmost to keep the contemplated,
charitable Stavanger aerodrome, Sufolk
our maln forces only 18; and she also was des- visits, often made on her bicycle. room for doubt that a power- should bombard with high ex- King of Norway and his advisers might be put ashore at a slightly lined to rule longer than ful force would be needed
any They were usually visits to sick plosive at dawn, hoping there, informed of our plans by sending earlier date.
predecessor. to maintain the partition-but.
people. Sometimes they involved by to put the aerodrome out of him an officer who understood the These powerful_recommenda- business.
buying flowers at generous prices- neither the United States
The aerodrome at Norwegian scene and could
speak lon
were put
put forward with the Trondheim could be dealt with with authority. Admiral Sir Ed-authority, not only of the three
street flower sollers. nor the United Nations at- by Fleet Air Arm bombers and ward Evans was well suited to Chiefs of Staff, but of their three
steadfastness in adversity tempted to organise such a
shone across the Channel in the subsequently by bombardment, this task, and was sent to More able deputies, including
Adml.
war years. From London's radio force. Matters were allow-
explosive shells, for 16-way by air through Stockholm to Tom Phillips and Sir John Dill, ed to drift until the expiry
in, guns-have-been- ordered-to
Orange she made frequent broad- make contact-
act with the King at
No more. de- newly appointed.
casts of encouragement to the Rosyth.
and First his headquarters. Furious of the British
cisive stopper on a positive am- mandate, Cruiser Squadron would be re-
Dutch people. She was equally phibious plan can be imagined, which was followed by war, quired for this operation. Pray However, during the 18th,
loyal to her Allies: Once, when anor have I seen a Government
two war-time Ministers in exile proclamation of Israel and
therefore consider this import-vehement and decisive change in or Minister who would have over-
protested
RAF, bombing about the opinions of the Chiefs of Staft ridden it. its-recognition by Mr. Tru-
ant project further. Admi. Forbes although not fully and of the Admiralty occurred. Under the prevailing arrange-
of Holland, an indiguant Wilhel convinced Lofit soundness there. This change was brought about ment, the Chiefs of Sime worked four-allied Berlin-commandants, obtained their resignations.
The marathon meeting of the mina, at a Dutch “Cabinet_meet- British recognition cannot
in Londen, demanded and fore
addressed
himself to the first by increasing realisation of as a separate and largely Inde which started at 10.00 a.m. (Ber- properly be granted until project in an increasingly favour the magnitude of the naval stako pendent body without guidance or in time) yesterday, Israel has established an ad-
able mood.
ended at In those Ave years of exile sho In a further reply in bazarding
ships, and also by War ter or any effective representá- ment reached at the 15 and a
was often to be seen -on her able to fulfil its international side, except that he
great difculty from the naval Office arguments that even iftive of the supreme executive quarter hours session was to
could not the Fleet got in and got out again, power,
adjourn for a lunch of English obligations and holds sway provide air defence for the trans the opposed landing of the troops
Now the stocky figure of. Moreover, the leaders of within the known frontiers. ports while carrying out the land in the face of the German air three Services had not yet got coffee.
the roast beef and a later break for Wilhelmina-the long coat with ng. The naval force required power would be perilous,
B mountainous fur collar, How far the state of Israel ing
the conception of war ́as a whole, corresponds to these condi- give air defence to Glorious, War-
Because of their long session, quick, determined steps in button- would be Vallant and Renown-to
marked by hot argument and up boots, the bicycle-retires tions is very open to, ques-spite to bombard, at least four
cold civility, the commandants from the scene. tion; nor is it certain that A.A. cruisers and about 20 des- CARNIVAL
went without dinner.
poses.
outlook troubled.
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can legally be held to have invaded its territory.
The Secretary of State for War The had now to nominate a Military British offfelal view seems to Commander.
The auspices were be that precipitate decisions unfavourable. Col. Stanley's first are best avoided.
choice fell upon Major-Gen. Hot- The real question is that black, who was highly reputed,
and of preventing an Arab-Jew on April 17 he was briefed for his task at a meeting of the conflict both from endanger-Chiefs of Staff held in the Ad- ing peace throughout the miralty. That night at 12.30 am. Middle East and from de- he had a t on the Duke of generating into conflict be unconscious some time later. Ho York's Steps, and was pleked up tween the great powers. had luckily left all his The prestige of the United with his staff, who were working Nations itself is at stake. on them. Either its Security Council The next morning Brig. Berney- will obtain compliance with Hotblack. He too was briefed,
Ficklin
was appointed to succeed orders to both parties or, if and started by train for Edin- an order is issiic and not burgh. On April 19 he and his abeyed, it will have to staff left by air for Scapa. They choose between failure crashed on the airfield at Kirk- to wall. The pilot and one of the obtain compliance and arine crew were killed, the reat were ed intervention, which would seriously injured. Every day be casler to begin than tơ counted. bring to an end,”
While plans for the frontal at
on Trondheim from the sea tack. were being advanced with all speed, two subsidiary landings were already in progress design- Prague, May 30, ed to envelop the town from the Lawrence A. Steinhardt Uniter landward side. Of these the frat States Ambassador, met Preal-was a hundred miles to the north, dent Edward Benes at his country at -
where Major-Gen. V.C., had been
BENES WELL
[\"relatively_wol, considering uten that
"home" on Friday and "found him
ago and condition
[... There have been roporte oak with on DAS
heim
CART-CILLE
HONTRE
COPA, 1910 17 NRA KORVIOR,
By Dick Turner
GUS'S GUN SHOP
sudden worsening of the chronic The second landing was at An-1 liness of the President who is 64, dalanos, about 150 miles, by road. “Dis the handles nico! Mind if I step morosa th', streat to -----Associated Presmin
to the south-werl of Trondheims
the bank and see how it works?”.
All items under discussion were removed from the agenda because no agreement could be reached. At one point, the British repre sentative, Major-General E.O. Herbert, accused the Russians of "Zoing
round and round without getting down to business."
Thomes Valley
SMUTS' WORK
FOR PEACE
the
Spa Amsterdam, May 29. Field Marshal Jan Christian General Herbert also fold the Smuts will receive an honorary Kommandature that the Soviets degree at Amsterdam University were directing labour into the for his work for peace, it was uranium minas of Saxony-Reu-announced today. Associated
ter.
¡Fress.
D'Oyly Carte Changes "The Mikado”
London, May 29.
The London script of "The Mikado” the most famous of Gilbert and Sullivan operettas is: “being changed because of American protósts. ~R. d'Orly-Cartes manager of the alteration will be heard dura, the best known. Gilbert and Ing our season here. If you can Sullivan troupe in the world, and spára – this may save your announced the change in a staff having to deak with iletim letter to The Times today uusiasts watching for any devas from Gilbert and Sullivan-e-
"We found recently in America that much objection was taken
· by › rolbiired persons to word used twice in The Mikado, ho wrote.e
tion from the text "7901302
The lines to be changed
"the "lady who mistlar qan Stains her grey hair Or pinches her
Is black-like a ni
Fo a company commissioned by the British humorit, Sir, yalan sathe second change P. Herbert, is to cliănge the song, lines.
In which, bei nathus
R. d'Orly Carto wrote: “Cülbert serenaders (and - fotkiers Would surely have" approved and race.” Unitol, Press.