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THE CHINA MAIL, MONDAY, MAY 10, 1948.
The Twentyfirst Instalment
Churchill's Memoirs
SINISTER MOSCOW PACT
for
the
Et is n
•
should rest unequivocally with jhad just returned from Poland, England and France, At first and the reports he gave of the „purely_seal_votion 'should be Polish army were most favour- taken against insignificant from- |able. He had seen a "divisional tier violations.
attack-exercise under a live bar- rage, not without casualties: Po-
ish murale was high.
stayed three days
days with me..
+
of
1
the
My wife,
measures. Orders were Issued! In fact Miller postponed D-Day for key parties of the coast and from August 25 to September 1, anti-aircraft defences to assem-and entered into direct negotia- ble, and for the protection of tion with Polunt, as Chamberlai vulnerable points. The Colonial desired. His object was not. Odice
was given discretion to however, to reach an agreement send the stand-by telegram, and with Poland, but to give his Ma- • On mỹ return from the Rhine -the-Loni Privy Seal to bring the Jesty's Government every oppor-front I passed some sunshine daya
regional organisation up to war tunity to escape from their guarat Muciame Bolsan's place, with and we tried hard to measure the strength.
antee. Their thoughts, like those a pleasant but deeply anxious unknowable. Also at this time On Aug 23 the Admiralty res of Parliment and
။
the nation, company, in the old Chateau completed bricklaying the kit- elved Cabinet authority to re-
were upon a a different plane. Where King, Henry, of Navarrechen
of the
cottage which during The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggres- qalaltion 25 merchantmen"
before the the year poat I had prepared for curious fact aliout the hind slept the night merchant British Islanders, who hate drill bastle of Ivry wallner and her which were to come. alon Pact was recognised as the conversion to armed
our family home m the years signal for the German attack cruisers (A.M.C.). And 35
Mrs. Evan on Poland. Mr. Churchill re-trawlers to be fitted with Astics.nd have not been invaded for
nearly a thousand
and years
that as sons were with us. Her husband on my signal, came over vin Dun- vean, however, in the course Six thousand reservists for
the danger comes nearer and grows, was a Cabinet Minister. She was kirk, on August 30. of this instalment that Hitler overseas garrisons were called up. they become progressively less expecting him to join her. Pre- postponed his altack for a week The anti-aircraft defence of the
is nervous; when it Imminent, sently he telegraphed he could There were known to be 20,000 in the hope of persuading the Radar stations and the full de- they are flerce; when it is mortal, net come, and would explain Inter organised German Nazis, in Eng-
British Government to
ac.ployment of the anti-aircraft they are fearless. These hobits why.
Other
danger and at this time, and it would quiesce once more.
forces were approved. Twenty- have led them Info some very drifted in upon us. One could only have been in accord with four thousand reservists of the narrow escapes.
feel the deep apprehension brood- their procedure in other friendly Air Force
31 and
the Air
ing over all, and even the light countries that
outbreak of Auxiliary Force. Including
On August 31, Hitler issued his of this lovely valley at the con- war should be preceded by a Squadrons, were called
"Directive Number 1 for the confluence of the Eure and the Ves-
sharp pre
urelude of subotage andl -gre-sveined-robbed_of_its_genial „murder. 1. Now that all the political | rày,
had at that time no oficial vay possibilities of disposing by 1 found painting hard work in protection, and I did not wish to
of a situation this uncertainty. menns
On August 26 nsk for any; but I thought my- peaceful in the Eastern Frontier which I decided to go home, where at self sufficiently prominent to take Is intolerable for Germany are least ! evuld ind out what was precautions--had enough—in exhausted, 1
I have determined;
convince me that 'on. 1 told my wife I would formation to
foc. send her werd in good time. On Hitler recognised me as on a solution by force. - -2, The
The attack on Poland a my way through Paris I gave
My former Scolland Yard de-
steps
the have, in
to be carried out in accordance Gen. Georges luncheon
tective.
Thompson, These
Inspector made for with the preparation White) the French and German Armies, to come along and bring
I told him fle produced all the figures of was in retirement. opinion of his Majesty's Gov«,
his pistoi "Fall Welts. framentyeen rendered neces-
with the alterations which re- and classified the divisions in with him, sary by the military move-
sull, where the Army is con-¡ quality. ments which have been report-
The result impressed weapons, which were good. cerned, from the fact that it hasl rae so much that for the first une slept,The rud from Germany, and by the! fact that apparently the an In the meantime almost.com- Į tume 1 said: "But you are the Thus nobody would have had
pleted its dispositions, German-So-
Allotmasters."
In these hours He replied: "The Ger- walk-ovar. nouncement of viet Agreement is taken In ment tasks and the operational mans have a very strong army, knew that R war came-and who some quarters in Berlin to In- targets remain unchanged. The und we shall never be allowed could doubt its coming?—a major dicate that
intervention by dule of attack-September to strike first.
they attack, burden would fall upon me. Great Brition on behalf of Po- 1939. Time of attack- 04.45 both our countries will rally to land is no longer a contingency inserted in red percil).
their duty."
(To Be Continued) that need be reckoned with
In the West, it is im- That night I slept at Chartwell, World Copyright reserved. parlant that the responsibility where 1 bed riskert Gen. Ironiskie production, even partially, in any for the opening of hostilities to stay with me next ny. He language, strictly prohibited.
spalist in both countries could leave-wasiopped-duct of the war-
The Non-Aggression Pact and the secret agreement were sign- erf rather late on the night of Aug-23,—1930-Only-totalllarien
The Board have faced the pdium of such an throughout the Fighting Services. of Trade issued warnings to merchant shipping. unnatural net.
minor steps other Many inken.
The Prime Minister decided to write to Hiller about these pre- paratory measures.
event
stated that
British
were
No greater mistake could be nude. Whatever may prove to be the nature of the Ger- njan-Soviet Agreement, it can Hot alter Great Britain's-oh- emn-
his ligation to Poland, which Government
Majesty's Government have Mated in publie repeatedly-and-
st hich they plainly and
rufl. determined to
It has been alleged that if his Majesty's Government had made their position more clear catastrophe in 1914 the great would have been avoided. Whe-
arc.-
got out my
Gwn
While
other
watched.
The Danger Isn't Over Yet
on
The thriclight is fading Italy. Her brief performance as the most important nation in the work brilliantly concluded,
In Italy
I
Re-
it is a question whether Hitler That the meeting-of-the-live
or Stalin loathed it most. Both Defence Ministers of the
were aware that it could only be The ["Western Union" should un-
expedient. 19 temporary Icash
the iwn between a lot of rumours, and antagonisms that it should be denounced empires and systems were mortal. Statin no doubt felt that Hier by Moscow and its dependen would be a less deadly foe to cies as evidence of preparation Russin after a year of war with FROM HANOI VIA HAIPHONG for war is, unhappily one of the Western Powers. Hitler fol- the things one takes for lowed his method of "One at n
The fact that such tims
an granted in these days. But
agreement could be made marks Įthere is no need for any alarm-the culminating fallure of British foreign polley and ist deductions and no justifica- and French tion for talk of war-monger-diplomney over several years. ing A meeting of the five Defence Ministers, like the
The sinister news broke upon meeting of the five Finance the world like an explosion. On Ministers, is a logical and Aug. 21-22 The Soviet Tass Ribbentrop necessary sequel to the signa- Agency
was-tying-ta Mluscow_to_sign_a ture of un Treaty of Brussels. Non-Aggression Duct with the Its timing has no connection Soviet Uilon. Whatever with-political-developments. tions the Belt The meeting follows naturally may have experienced, fear-was on the first, meeting of theme in declaring that such an not among them. They lost no "Permanent Organ" of the
all li no way affect new Union. Under Article III their obligations, which they ¡of the Treaty, the five States were determined to fulf."
(Great Britain, France, Bei-thing could now avert or delay igium, the Netherlands and Et is still worth wrile to record
Luxemburg) agree to give "all the terms of the Pact.
Article 1-Both High Com the military and other aid and assistance in their power" to
tracting Parties bilgute them. selves to desist from any act of any one of them which may violence, any aggressive netion. [be "the object of an armed at- end any attack on each other. sitingindadidimity or family Thick in Eurque. Such pledges
They with other Poseth...
"Trī"""resolved and pre- of mutual assistance imply! This Treaty was to lust 10
"Pared to employ without de
Iy all the Terces al and involve obligations of co-years, and I not denounced by
command, and it is impossibbe operative preparation. Wereetther side one year before the
to foresee the end of hostilities! the cause for such action to expiration of that period, would
Premier de Gasperi's merit mands one third of Italy's votes, must be surtously tackled-and be automatically extended arise methods of co-operation)
unce engaged. It would be dangerous delusion to think that he has prevented the Copthan at the previous election, and the attempt to run an economy
Its strength Is only slightly less soon. It has resulted partly-from- another five years. could not be hastily im-1 There was much jublation and that, if war once starts, it will munists from winning and has the defections were Left-Wing of free enterprise in a country provised. To nitempt to do many toasts around the Confer- come to an early end, even if produced the biggest party in the Socialists rather than Commun- of arim shortages and partly from so would be to invite disaster, ence table. Stalin spontaneously
a success on any one of the count hasn't scotched Com-ciaiming that they stood up well by..zuising the bank-rate to 10 ists. Communists are right in the attempt to keep prices down 'uroposed the toast of the Of that Belgian and Dutch Fuehrer, as follows: "I know how
munlam. He hasn't even started. | 12142
The tremendous attack jexperience in 1940 is ample much the German Nation. loves
on per cent, which makes it impos- It is
is important to realise what
then
sibie-to-start-now-businesses.---- has happened. Millions of 11a- warning. Just as the defence its Fuehrer. I should therefore
And, the conditions which en- lian voters, under
enormous pres-couraged Communism in Italy re-
The Third Force plans of single governments like to drink. his-health."
A morál may be drawn from
from abroad and as the re-mat. The huge parched villages must be made long in advance, all this, which is r
ich is rt homely sim- On August 25 the British Gov zult of unprecedented propaganda of Apulia, are as poverty-stricken de Gasperi must make and make and provide for eventualities plicity.
"Honesty... 13 Ure..
best ernment proclaimed format at home, Fave been seared into never Their peasants still quickly, He must reverse the
Itcrats.
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the conflict.
months
were
No-
for
ther or not there is any force In that allegation, his Majesty's Government are resolved that
on this occasion there shall be
Die sie misunderstand
bitt
From Rome one seemed to hear they waning echoes of the West-
hy no means a campaign, and certainly not a whole war. Theyr have only won themselves a chance to win the war. Andl they
It if
of
they cars.
And it is only held together by must make haste and take ern World's applause, the dying the fear of Communism
of relief.
It's as though a job tot is
But don't think the whole mat-people all took refuge
is now closed.
from Don't sigh too storm in the same house. That
Unless Premier de Gasperi very quickly puts into practice a land-reform scheme ho cannot hope to beat the Communists un-
her time.
The huge estates, especially in
He need shouflaged In Italy. It isn't even at that the threat of the storm is over, Southernly, must be broken
much smaller than it was before, The point of this election has thelot-been-Communist defeat hui
Christlon Democrat victory,
tnally with relief. Communism don't mean they like the house basn't unconditionally surrender- or like each other. And when
they will all eagerly go their sev and distributed to the pea cral ways, just as separate and sants, because if they aren't the. vulnerable as before,
peasants won't miss the next op- The Popular Front, which in-portunity of taking them. clues the Communists, still com- The. unemployment problem
Scared Into It
several fronts on which it will Bul he be engaged should have been secured.............
onיי
21
sure
and
by Poland. Said But most of them were attach-
These and many other reforms
inimism on its own ground.
Fur since the main opposition tra Communism in Italy His rallies round the Christian De-
which it is hoped will never this will be shown in these pages, the guarantees already given.
policy. Several examples of Treaty with Poland, confirming voting for the Christian Demo-trusige forth to work for innde cord of his Government-un-till- occur, so the defence plans of
quale pay on the vast estates of now. He must try to beat Coni- Some of then-especially tandlords they never see. will was hoped by this step to give Crafty men and Statesmen will an alliance must be made and be shown misled by all their the best chance to a settlement by Sicily and the South-had pre- The bomb-stricken slums of But he has another subtler co-ordinated. And to that end elaborate calculations. But this direct negotiation between Ger-viously almost decided to vote Naples and Milan are no pretiler task. He must try to steer Ita- it was agreed when the five is the signal instance. Only 22 many and Poland in the few of Communist changed their them they were.
between The prosperous lan politich
the ex- Foreign Ministers met in Paris stalin and the Russian nation in would stand
pass before the fact that if this failed Britain minds at the last minute.
tremes of Communism, Fascism, and the Church. before the signing of the ite scores of millions were to pay Goering at Nuremberg:
ed to sinnil, unsuccessful parties. Treaty that there should be a frightful forfelt.
the day when England which never ́did anything-' but If a Government has no moral
gave her official guarantee to set up a permanent defence
the vate. committee. I will, one may great advantages and liberties of scruples, it often seems to gain
Poland the Fuehrer called me Now they've all jostled them on the telephone and told me way into the Christian Democrat assume, arrange for full ex- action, but "All comes out even
that he hind stopped the plan- fold. And the result is that the change of information and in- at the end of the day, and all
ned invasion of Poland. I asked Christion Democrats are today D oul yet more even telligence, for unification, or will came
him then whether this was just vast jumbled chaos of a party when all the days are ended."
temporary or for good. He said: at any rate, harmonisation of
On the news of the German-
'No, I shall have to see whether armaments. It will concert Soviet Pact, the British Govern-
we can eliminate British later- strategic plans for various con-ment at once took precautionary
vention.'' tingencies. It could be the
nucleus of a combined staff
(FARE)
| organisation-which-would be for war than the "prepara- IM$180.- necessary if, unfortunately, tion for war" which every joint action were required. State makes when it maintains 35.- All this is simply a logical larmed forces.
deduction from the Treaty it- The defensive systems of the 300-self. It is simply putting one five States in Europe are be- 250 part of the Treaty into practi-ing converted into à joint de- cal effect. And it is only na-fence system; not-amalgamat- tural that the first meeting on ed but closely co-ordinated. defence questions-the meet-And this implies no menace, 200.- ing for the actual setting up need arouse no annoyance and, of the new machinery of co- no disquiet, in any country 240.- óperation-should be attended which has a clear political
by the five responsible. De-conscience, which plans noj -320.**
fence Ministers themselves as aggressions and no enterprises well as by the "experts" who which might bring war and 350.-
the five! will carry on with the detail armed attack on ed work. These are the simple signatories. The machinery of 120-facts. No exciting deductions the alliance, like the obliga 250.-
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need be drawn. It is not an itions of the alliance, is not a emergency, meeting: nor is disturbing but a_stabilising there any emergency, or any factor in Europe. For conduct "deterioration of the inter-which troubles the peaceful; national situation.” It is a rou-relations of European *com- tine meeting Important in-tries, as well as for the dis-' deed; for it is important that semination of alarmist rum- the new defence machinery Jours of an impending war, It is be built swiftly and well; but necessary to look further cast of no particular Immediate than London. It is Moscow political significance: As to which disquicts the peoples of the charges that this is Western Europe by its actions preparation for war, it and frightens the people of certainly is preparation for Eastern Europe by its pro- (defence against attack, if paganda; which is based both
any of the five-were to upon the Leninist-Stalinistį be the "object of an armed teaching of the "violent and allacke in Európe.". It is no protracted struggle". between mrita suki un less "preparation "two camps.”
CARNIVAL-
1
split.
I stretches Right and Left as far as the eye can see, from doc- trinaire Socialism through Cleri- calism to authentic Fascism.
By Alexander Clifford
must body,
mocrats, the Catholle Church be considered a political
There is a growing attempt In Italy to arcuse a "Third Force," the same liberal, tolerant, non- which totalitarian middle way the French have been trying to peasants of Emilia and Tuscany find between Communism and de might be even still more prosper Gaulle. ous if they owned the land in-Tere stead of working for a share of hope as a truly democratic coun-
By Dick Turner the crop.
"Go on an' join 'em if youse wants! I'm particular who # associate-wit'!'!
Hes Italy's long-term
The unemployment #gures" But the pressure of extremnisat haven't shrunk. Homes are still is- very. song. Perhaps one being bulit for the rich and not hope lies in the extraordinarily for the poor. The danger of in
adult way, in which these last Aation still haunts the country.
elections were conducted. 'Lost At Home
But don't let that make you Bill One of the many
the mistakes bellove
danger isn't made by the Communists in their there. election campaign was their in- nolly to keep their, propaganda on the basis of internal policy.
Itolian charity begins strictly
at home, and a parly which steallly offers land to the pea-
SPY FEVER IN
MOSCOW
Moscow, May 9.
Izvestia accused Britain of try-
sants and well-paid work to the Ing to maintain a spy system in unemployed is always calculated the Middle East at the expanse to wiri,
of nations upon whom the spying "Communists lost the elec- is done. Th tion in, a wrangle about Inter- antional affairs. They might well, have won it on a compari-
The newspaper cited the case. of Colonel Johns, who it said. occupies a high salaris position son of domestic programmes, as financial adviser 10 -the La-.
And
one now feature has been banese Government. At the soma Beided. The M.9.1. (Itallin time, the paper asserted, Johns Social Movement), which is openshealls Brillth-intelligence activi ly proud of being Fascist, hhs ties in the Lebarion-Associated emerged as a serious party.
And a self-confessed Fascist is an civious red flag to the Corn- munit bull-t is surprising there haven't been serious clashes already.
Reform Or Defeat
Press.
INDIAN BALLET
IN EUROPE
Stockholm, May 8. Ram Gopal, leader of the In- These Fascists--aro vigorous, dlan ballet appearkig here, told Kriventurous young people who Router today that he had received would normally go to the colonies his visa to enter Denmark, 'chrllar or. Into the air force or emigrate retured by the Danish, authorities. to America.
***My visa was first refused " he Today they join the Fastists, sold "not because I am an Indian And their torchilght parades are but because there was somg quito terrifyingly reminiscent of trouble with my Danish Impres Berlin.
De sarlo, but this has how, boon,20teu}, Bo-the. Italian anti-Communista lied and I am going to Copenha..... won a battle last week-end, but gen: on: May: 29mRouter.
1