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A stimulating and incisive book on the part the British Commonwealth has to play in the future world order has just been published by the well-known writer, H. Hodson..
THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, MAY 4, 1940..
Mr.
G# G
The Sixteenth Instalment
Churchill's Memoirs
A MEETING
WITH MAISKY
About
this
of
divisions, which will threaten the Western frost in addition
at one, and I certainly thought view in high Tory circles, show- the Prime Minister was in full ing to which it will open up for accord. There was present a high cast away all thoughts of class, how completely they hart the triumphant Nazis the road official of the Foreign Omee who party or ideological interests, and to the Black Seq. It is
not built up the draft. When wo Czechoslovakia alone which is separated I was satisfied and re-come. I reported to them what to what a pitch their mood had menaced, but also the freedom lieved. and the democracy of all n ion.
had happened at Downing Street 8 o'clock that night, and described the character Mr. Leeper The belief that security can Foreign Office, Press Department, greatly reassured.
[then head of thu the communique. They were all be obtained by throwing amall State to the wolves is
anow Sir Reginald Leeper] pro- The French Right Press treat-
sented to the Foreign Secretary ed
is the pith:
bind dladnin Matin called It "A clever_lje," M. efforts Bonnet, who is now very busy made by
the British
Prime
how forward in action showing Minister, a German attack is mado
he was, told several upon
Deputies Czechoslovakia, that
that he had the Immediate result must be it, leaving on them the impres
no confirmation of that France will be bound to slon that this was not the British Great Britain and Russia will was no certainly stand by France. Halifax and immediately issued,
This was approved by
in
A
tial of Germany" will increase lowing in spite of the ntal delusion. The war poten-- a communique of which the fol-suspicion iddiadau
a short time more rapidly than it will be possible for France and Great Britain to complete the measures neces- sary for their defence."
[Three visits were—paid-by| Mr. Chamberlain to Hitter in September, 1908, with the ob ject of preventing the threaten- ed German invasion of Czecho slovakia. He returned to Lon. don from the first meating fat Berchtesgaden) on Sept. 17.1 Both the Prime Minister and Lord Runciman wore convinced that only the cession of the Sudo- tan areas to Germany would dis- Churchill, though stillade Hitter from ordering the -an-independent critic of the invasion of Czechoslovakia. The Government in 193, was used Cabinet was pulp, in the Prime On one occasion (as revealed Minister's hands.
They found consulation in such in this extract from his book)
rights of self- unofficial channel be phrases as "the tween M. Matsky, the Soviet determination," "the claims of a Ambassador, and Lord Halifax, national minority to just treat- the Foreign Secretary,
ment," and even the mood ap- 2, peared of "championing the small On the afternoon of Sept. 1938 i received a message front than against the Czech bully." the Soviet Ambassador that he It was now necessary to keep in to backward step with the French Mr. Hodson takes the view
would like to come down Chartwell and
at Government, On Sept. 18 Dala- that the second World War once upon a matter of eydler and Bonnet came to Londen. by M. Maisky., but
urgency: The French Ministers favoured brought into existence, a new had for some time had phase in the history of the friendly personal relations with outright cession of the Sudeten- British Empire, using the Malsky, who also saw a land to Germany They added,
good deal of my son Randolph, however, that the British
Gov- term in the widest sense, thereupon received the Ambas- ernment with France and with whom they had not which can..make-that-institunador-and-after-a-few-protimin Russia, tion of greater influence than aries he told me in precise and consulted,
Bhould
guarantee set out the new frontiers of the mutilat- formal detall the story ever in world affairs.
ed Czechoslovakia, below. The title of his book is Before he had got very far í The British and French Cabinets at this time presented a "Twentieth Century Empire", realised that he was making a
of two overripe declaration to me, a private per- front
melons He maintains that the first British Empire ended with on, because the Soviet Govern-
American Revolution: Idirect offer to the Foreign / was needed was a gleam of steel._Ti-is--indeed-astonishing --thatt
preferred this
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Abell HouSO
--AIEVB-23811
V.
mont
see me
an
crushed together, whereas what
Office one thing they were
At the Assembly of the Leagu of Nations on Sept. 21 an amelal warning was given by Litvinov [in part stating publicly the facts earlier retalled to Mr. Churchill
adding]
The
como to her assistance, and pledge he was looking for. This
Lord
doubt not difficult for him to convey.
Mr.
I dined that night with Duff Cooper at the Admiralty.+
"It
Ho toid that was only two days agn
When earlier I returned to my manding from the Prime Minis
me he WRE de- the Czechoslovak Govern- flat at Morpeth _ment_addressed_
sed a formal found about 13 gentlemen as-
Mansions, ter the Immediate mobilization quiry to my Government assembled.
of the Ficot. I recalled my own whether the Soviet Union
They were Right-wing Conservatives: Lord tury before when similar clr- mostly experiences a quarter of-à cen- prepared
In accordance with the Soviet-Czech Part, to ren- Grigg, Sir Robert Horne,
Cecil,
Lord Lloyd, Sir Edward cumstances had presented them- Czechoslovakia immediate
Mr selves. Boothby. Mr. Bracken and effective ald
Mr If France. Law. The feeling was passionate.
1
(To be Continued) World Copyright reserved. production, even partially. In any of language). strictly prohibited.
end loyal
lo her obligations, will It all focussed on the point, "We render similar assistance, to must get Russia in." which my Government gave, 1 I was clear
answer in the afirma- surprised, by this intensity
impressed and indeed Live." this public and unqualified de that the second Empire last which might have encountered agreed: there should be no con- ed to a less clearly defined rebuff. It was clearly intended sultation with the Czechs. These claration by one of the greatest
that 1 should report what I was should be confronted with
Powers the
concerned should date with the emergence of told to his Majest's Government decision of their guardians. The have played 11s pari in Mr. the Dominions; that the third This was not actually stated by/Babes in the Wood had no worse in the French conduct of
Chamberlain's negotiations, Empire was the structure of the Ambassador, but it was in treatment. the Commonwealth as it has been known to the world up to the present; and that a fourth Empire has levolved with 'characteristics
of its own.
now
The author suggests that the British Commonwealth has a vital part to play in preventing another world war. He argues that the real issue which could lead to a further world catastrophe is the simple issue of whether or not the Communist theory that the Western conception of Democracy is bound to give way eventually to their Communism or Fascism. If that theory can be proved to be wrong, eventually its false- ness will appear even to the Kremlin and the whole face of world affairs will slowly but surely change.
In the concluding chapter, after reviewing a variety of ways in which the British Commonwealth gan prove_to the world that genuine De- mocracy has a live and dynamic future independent of rival totalitárianisms, he writes, "There is another reason why the British Com- monwealth has a unique op- portunity in this worldwide struggle for the life of Social Democracy. It is now a community of nations of different continents, colours and creeds. ' It bears the main burden of disproving that part of the neo-Marxist which alleges that capitalist democracy in its restless search for markets and materials must be im- perialist in the sense of coer- cive oppression of subject peoples and must eventually be destroyed by their revolt for by wars between rival im- perialisms.
case
have
erials.
Or
the
Ituy
assyni
Soviet Chief Thinks Up A New One
Berlin, May 2.
Re.
A "police terror" against workers and all ""domo- crotic organisations” is now being conducted in the Western sectors of Berlin, Colonel Sergev Tulpanov, chief of, the Soviet Information -Bureau in Germany, declared over Berlin Radio
tonight.
I have always belleved plied by the fact that no request for secrecy was made.
that Benes was wrong to yield. He Mr. Churchill to Lord Halifax, ahould have defended his for-
I have heard it suggested that ix ---
tress line. Once fighting had be- it was geographically impossibl 1
received privately gun, in my opinion at that time, for Russia to send troops into from an absolutely sure source France would have moved to his Czechoslovakia, and that
following information, aid in a surge of national passion, sian aid in the event of way which I feel it my duty to re-and Britain would have rallied would
have been limited te port to you, although I was not to France almost immediately. modest air support. The asked to do so.
At the height of this crisia of Rumania, and also to a leasur Yesterday, Sept. 2, the French (on Sept. 20) I visited Parts for extent
allow of Hungary, to Charge d'Affaires in Moscow two days in order to see
Russian forces to myA
pass through (the Ambassador being on friends in the French Govern- their
territory was
WHS, of course, leave) called upon M. Litvinov ment, Reynaud and Mandel. Both necessary. This might well have and, in the name of the French of these Ministers were in lively been obtained from Rumonia a
asked him what distress and on the verge of re- Gave would
least, as indicated to me by MI. aid
give to signing from Czechoslovakia against a Ger Cabinet. I was against this, as and
Daladier Maisky,
through the pressures guarantees
Grant of a man attack, having regard par-their sacrifice could not
If the Western -powers con- both German and foreign, con- alter Alliance acting under the aegis ticularly to the difficulties the course of events, and would of the League of
tinued to split Berlin, it would tinue to split the capital." which might be created by the only leave the French Govern-
Nations.
Berliners who did not awalst Stress has also been laid upon soon be cut off from its hinter- neutrality of Poland or Ru-ment Weakened by the loss of Soviet duplicity and bad faith. I land in the Russlan
Zone, its two most capable and resolute have certainly not found these Colonel Tulpanov said.
action where Berlin was captured by the
manin.
men.
the
vices in Russian action
In a broadcast.commemorating the Russian entry ·
into Berlin three years ago, he said: "Only we Russians are for peace.
We Russians are' your champions of democracy."
At 2 a.m. on the night of Sept. /ctly military engagements be| Soviet Army and is still situated i
tween Allica were
the
Bovlet authorities could only be "políticall unstable." It was up to Germen democratic, forces to reinstate the city as "the capital of a free, Ger- many.
"We stand for a united
Ger-
Litvinuv asked in reply what the French would do themselves. pointing out that the French
concerned. in the centre of the Soviet Zone, had a direct obligation, whoreks 20-21 the Russian obligation was de- Ministers in Prague called
the British and French But the Soviet offer was in of- he said. "I la, thus decisively pendent on the action of France, President Benes to inform him brought into the scale-against-ministration: --Only-
ignored. onfect
They were not influenced by the Russian ad. The French Charge d'Affaires
-difficulties many," Colonel Tulpanov declar-
ed. did not reply to this question. in effect that there was no hope Hitler, and were treated with an and hardships can be caused to
of indifference-not to Nayartheless, Litvinov stated arbitration on the basis
say disdain Herlin's population if intriguers. ty-which left a maric in Stalin's
of
to him. first, that the Russian the German-Czechoslovak Treaty Soviet Union had resolved to of 1925, and to urge upon him mind. full their obligations. He recognised the difficulties crea!»
the
"before
proption far
Rumania, but he thought that in the case of Rumania these could be overcome.
ed by the attitude of Poland adeptance of the
M. Litvinov thought that the best way to overcome the luctance of Rumania would be through the agency of the League of Nations,
The Council of the League should be invoked under Article 11, on the ground that there was danger of war,
and that the League Powers should consult together. He thought the sooner this was done the better, as time might be very short.
He next proceeded to tell the Staff conversations ought imme French Charge d'Affaires that diately to take place between Russia, France and Czechoslo- vakia as to the means and measures of giving assistance, The Soviet Union was ready to joln in such Staff conversations at once.
ปี
and Britain could no responsibility."
Anglo- Events took their course as if Soviet-Russia did not exist. For Pro- which this we allerwards paid-dearly.—
take
The French Government at cast was sufficiently ashamed of its Minister only to make it this communication to instruct verbally.
Under this pressure on Sept.
21 the Czech Government bowed
10
[When
at
New Hunt
For Sicily's Robin Hood
Blind Alley
"You must not be exploited by foreign powers in the West," his told his •Usteners." Leading American capitalists are having a hey day at the expense of the hard-working Germans. Irres ponsible capitalist groups are do- ing their best to ruin Germany. You must not be misled by the attempts of forces which are only leading you up a blind fl ley."
the Soviet
Repeating
lea allego- powers
ren Mr. Chamberlain_mot Hiller a second time on Sept. 22 at Godesberg, he found that accept the terms agreed the Fuehrer would no longer.
Berchtesgaden. On Sept. 24 the Premier returned to London.] On
Sept. 10 I had visited thei Palermo, Sicily, May 2.
tions that the Western the Anglo-French proposals, Prime
at Minister
Downing
Carabinieri today searched were systematically noting the On the same day, Sept. 21, 1 Street for long talk. Again on the Montelepre
he said the Russian trafic Hills issued a statement on to the Press In-London Crisis Sept. 26 he either invited me or Palermo In another.. effort. to to prevent the export of thou
restrictions had just been in time..... readily actorded me an inter catch. Sicily's "Robin Hood" sands of tons of valuable "The partition of Czechoslo-view. At 3.30 in the afternoon bandit, Salvatore Guiliano, be- and equipment. vakia under pressure
from of this critical day I was relieved to be the head of the England and France amounts celved by him and Lord Halifax bandits
Colonel Turpanov invited engaged the listeners to compare the
tration in Germany with those killed, achieved in the Russian Zone.
who
near
steel
hla
"poor
to the complete surrender of in the Cabinet Room, I presse the Western Democracies to the upon them the policy set forth police in a five-hour May Day results" of the Western adminis Nazi threat of force. Such
ain_my_letter_10_Lord_Halifax of gun battle last night. collapse will
will bring peace
of August 31, namely, a a declarationOne Carabinieri was security neither to England showing the unity of sentiment The bandit casualties were un- nor to France. On the contrary, and
purpose between Britain, known as those hit were removed taking the Arst offcial Soviet
to Soviet soldiers' "be- haviour after the capture of Gulliano has his forterss head-Berlin, he said this had to be
it will place these two nations France and Russia against Hit under the cover of darkness. In an ever weaker and more lerite aggression. dangerous situation,
We discussed at length and in quariers in these hills, and slice ascribed to their "extreme anger" at detall, a communique, and we letter in his handwriting was at having to enter the city over the seemed to be in complete agree-found after the fight, it was be the corpses of thousands of dend German ment. Lord Halifax and I werlieved he took part in the battle. comrades-Reuter.
"The mere neutralisation Czechoslovakia 1lberation
mouna
of 25
Fourthly, he recurred to his Interview of March 17, of which you no doubs have a copy in the Foreign Office, advocating con- sultation among the peaceful Powers about the best method CARNIVAL of preserving peace, with
perhaps, to a joint de claration including the tureEU" great Powera concerned, France, Russia and Great Britain. He belleved that the United States would give moral support to such a declaration.
view.
I sent the report to Lord Hall. fax as soon as I had dictated it,
"The new nations them- †selves, with the world all before them, have a vital role. in what is in truth the battle for the soul of man, of de-: monstrating that the idea of free democratic society is for them as righteous and as and he replied on Sept. 6 in a attainable as it is for the guarded manner, that he did not nations of the West. They t present feel that action of the 200,- have to show that their pecu- would be helpful, but that he kind proposed under Article___11 liar handicaps of differing would keep it in his mind, 240.- races, castes and religions as well as the difficulties of
320,-
forced marches in the econo- fourth British Empire has 350.- mic advance. that they have grown nor indeed does it planned for themselves can always seem to them very 120.-be overcome without yielding impressive or likely to be to temptations of State dicta-serviceable to the varfed hosts 250.-torship.”
of States which are members Of the new form of the of the United Nations, British Commonwealth which” "A more valuable and Im- he sees as drising from the mediate example is simply changes, wrought during and that of the attitude of mind immediately after the second which makes the Common- World, War, Mr. Hodson wealth system work: the at- writes, "It is often claimed titude of tolerarice. Without that the great contribution tolerance there can be no last- which the Commonwealth ing peace, nor any effective has to make to world society organisation for the mainten is-the-example of its own ance of peace.”
Hotel
KOWLOON Peninsula
Lobby
loose yet effective organisa-No more timely book fòr tion. But that example is not this day and age could be readily followed by countries imagined, unless it contained lacking the peculiar historical the complete panacea for all association out of which the the world's "Ills.
Guiliano has been active in the
nourly
province of Palermo ` for Ave years. The Italian Govern-
By Dick Turner ment has, from time to Paraguay
"You'll find a clausa in our uplon conte
pation vihellier you take it or noti".
time.
offered high rewards for informa- tion leading to his capture, hut. no one has given him away, and the Carabinieri, for Home time, acknowledged themselves virtually powerless.-Reuter.
Quirino's Pledge
To Labour
Police Alert
Buenos Aires, May 2. Argentina-reports-indicate-that- heavy polico precautions have been ordered in Asuncion, capital": of Paraguay, apparently because of an uprising against the govern ment
ent of President Higinio Mor Inigo.
Police with tommyguns were f
the, alty
manning-points which control-
Manlia, May 2.reported to be patrollin President Quirino, addressing a important streets. Several poll- huge May Day rally at the Rizal tical leaders are reported to have Memorial Stadium on Saturday been arrested, morning, pledged labour a now The city is reported closed to deal Soma 300,000 people heart river traffe,
and travellers
him outline his administration's approaching by road are sub- proposals designed to unify alt focted to close Inspection before Inbour ranks in the Philippines they are allowed to enter.-United so that they can more effectively Press cooperate with the, management for the Industrial development of the country.
ARABS RESTIVE
IN MOROCCO
Casablanca, May 2.~* Police and troops guarded the Jewish quarters > bf Moroccan
At another Labour meeting in the afternoon, Dr. Jose P. Laurel, who was President of the Phillp= pines under the Japanese, told hile audience that the working classes were entitled to much of cities today following attacks. the world's goods-Reuter, bringing conditional offerings of by the Nationalists to stop Arābu
COMMUNISTS KILLED
paftor: the
holidays
Jewish
Calicut, May 2. Wirst reports indicated that the Five Communists were killed attacks took place on Saturday in gun battle with a police night in Casablanca and search party at Cherupuzha 60 under loader barogEN EMMA miles north of here, it was÷re=lonjsimilar, ported here today.
Several
Arbia soon The Communists, it was stated, gathered in front of the Cat S wore in hiding Beventeen others blanca Mollah, Jewish "quarters." were arrested and seven guns “They stopped cara, anih bumi to l ́and other, arma were captured molest. Jewish pazsengers:—AS÷
Reliter.
sociated PreĘ