Pago
THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, APRIL 1, 1948.
QUALITY FITTING,
by
GIBBONS
GILMANI & COMPANY LTD.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Telephone 31146
FORMOSAN
BAMBOO
OFFERED BY
司公康永
GEORGE LIN & COMPANY
102 BANK OF EAST ASIA BLDG.
TELS, 24408-22653
ENGINEERING
PAGE
MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
in dealing with this subject of voltages is no less than for the jare called, rough estimmtes have ments which drive Jets of oil at Modern Developments in Electri- lower voltages.
been made and it is claimed that high velocity across the arc path.
cal Engineering. I have almed at To achieve the marked In- 75,000 KW Station driven by These are known as impulse type giving the general trends in as crease in the overall Station ef- atomic power coult probably breakers. A further development simple a manner as possible for fielency, druigners have been generale at a cost of 4 cents of this principle is to be found in the benefi of non-electrical En-forced to consider every possible Hongkong per K.W.H. an com
oms the latest type of high tension gineers who may be at this meet-gain in efficiency for euch coin- pared with 3.25 cents for an circuit breakers. In this type of ing this evening as well as deal-Foment of the plant. For exam-equivalent steam Station. That sirgult breaker no all is used und in with one or two of the trends ple in
The cupe of the Turbo Chils comparison to even possible Interruption of the ure is achieved Generator, as
one increases the within seven In rather more detail,
high sprest years of the dis entirely by very My own particular interest lies unit size, the loss ocensioner by covery of nuclear re-action is in-separation of the contacts coupled
with heavy
current elec- turnhug the rotor of the machine) deed
a blast of high pressure air remarkable. However, with
between the contacts. The illus- trical engineering and these re- against the friction of the sur- there are a number of unda-tration on the screen shows one of marks will, therefore, be rather rounding air, usually referred to mental difficulties to be over these air blast breakers and next weighted towards developments na windage
chastening as ¦ (lustrations,
mera!
in this branch. The grouped
headlines!--
under the
subject is following
of
Electric
and dis.
1. Generation
Power
2. Transmission
Power
tribution of Electric
3. Wilisation and Measure-
ments.
Under the first of these head- ings, the Generation of Electric Power, I will deal first of all! with the modißentions and in- mavements which have made equipment
been
loss, attains quite come and other
From a Paper Read By Mr. W. A. ANKERSON
Before The Engineering Society Of Hong Kong Last Week.
Kive details uf the operation uf le contact mechanism within the breaker, These eirgung breakers are design. ed for use un voltages above 33,- }}, Below this voltage It is etlil considered belter praelice to use ail immersed circuit breakers.
High Voltage
In those countries where the fength of transmission fines makes it ecouvm.kadly justifiable, trans- mission voltages have been sub stantially increased so that opera tion #1 220,000 volts is now con sidered quite normal. For tlie orthodox generating large proportions. In order to pects as for example (1) the
purpose of design development a reduce this windage loss tu some available world supply of grounded-neutral power trans- extent and also to improve the uranium is limited. It has been former with continuous rating of Turbo Generator cooling of the machine it is now roughly estimated that the nu-10,000 KVA has been built with a The Turbo Generator, is still, a quite common practice to without question,
hydrogen gas the mais um.
us a cooling me- source of equipment.
generating power During the course of the last twenty-five years, the design of the Alternator has be-:
although the size of the unit has hydrogen increased from the
maximum senied
from
ANNOUNCEMENT
ARNHOLD & CO., LTD.
SASSOON HOUSE
Shanghai
HOLLAND HOUSE
Hong Kong
Take pleasure in intimating their re-appointment as
Agents fort-
THE STANTON IRONWORKS CO. LTD.
NOTTINGHAM
Manufacturers of SPUN IRON. PIPES
and
their appointment as
Agents for :-
THE CANDY FILTER COMPANY LTD.
LONDON
Manufacturers of
WATER PURIFICATION PLANT
for
WATER SUPPLY COMPANIES, SWIMMING BATHS, ETC.
use clear energy available in known 360.000 volt winding. This runs. ARNHOLD & COMPANY, LTD.
the external air
years ago up to units of 150,000) The majur physical characteris- KW capacity. The aggregation ties cooling mediums
and
comparatively
A
and
electric
say
deposits of uranium would sup- former successfully passed stan- ply the total power needs of the dard umpulss tests curresponding world for about
100 years.
We to a basic insulation level" of one Totally Enclosed are, therefore, not dealing with and a half million volts.
source an unlimited
of power.
The increasing size of power The machine is, of course, in the light of present figures it networks has resulted in the pro come substanilolly established,
hed, totally.
enclosed and the seems
circulating
most unlikely that the duction of transformers rated as urantung pile could ever compete high as 75,903 KVA per unit. Sgure of 25,000 KW of some 30 by Fpecially designed glands. successfully in the production of development commected with trans-
electric energy with
As a tendency hydra-urner operation electric stations.
The two cases towards the use of on-load tup of large areas of
of supply into shown
in the table on the screen, both involve a large capital ex-operating on voltages as high
arture somewhat similar in that they changing equipment on the high tension side of transformers single inter-connected networks In this table you wili
see that penditure have made it economically feasi- the various properiles are rated m
132,000 volts. ble to employ these simple units nt
You for air.
wit amull
operating costs.
Section 3. utilisation Atunity since observe that properties for hy-up-to-date, has been of large output, capacity
hy- the operation of uranium piles. measurements, they can be run continuously as drogen compare very favourably for the production of plutonium
primarily In the
of the utilisation base mise tond machines with sub- with those of air in that one cast and the strategic importance of Power I think it is sufe
improvement in overall expect 50% greater heat trans- this product is such that it is not more prominently than any other stuntinl
of that the electric motor features Station efficiency. The overall ferc
ference from the windings to the safe to forecast the probable de-piece of apparatus. The design of thermal efficiency for Generating cooling medium by using hydro-velopments of the use Stations hos increased during gen. In addition to this the say hent liberated during this pro-tially stabilised for many years, of the this equipment has been substan. the last thirty
Усате
until to-day g
ing in windage
age loss on a large cess for with large base load stations 3,000
power generation r.p.m, machine may in terms only of economics.
in but even here the introduction of overall efficiencies of 28%
enabled de- Gew materials has overall efficiency being consistently maintained. of the plant by as much as 75
Transmission
signers nchlove startling modi. With necumulated design ex- 10 %.
Neations, In particular, synthetic When one is thinking ini
. Turning now to the transmis-rounous enaniols have been pro perience has been possible bo terms of generating units of 60,-lon and distribution of Electric duced which can be applied manufacture these larger units) 000 KVA or 100,000 KVA capi-power Stations coupled with the property cured, give an insulating |
Power. The increasing size ofcurately to wires and which, when for speeds at 3,000 r.p.m, and in city, such a
of course re- | many che
enses they are designed to presents considerable economic tendency towards the formation of films of reinarkable mechanical Kenerate directly at high vol-
tice in large power networks have pre-strength. These enamelled wires Present practice in- lages such
the economics of hy-sented the Electrical Design En which can be produced in both carlier machines it waenerate at places the dividing line at about controlling the power and of in-sections substantially improve the
cooling
alternators sineers with severe
problems of rectangular as well as round cross usual practice to stanfærd voltages such as 8.0 ori 30,000 KVA units. However, lerrupting the
flow of electric space factor within the slots of 11 KV and to transform these this line quite flexible
and hy-
conditions, electric machines. By using such Benerator voltages 10 the requir-drogen cooling has been used on This has land during the past wire, designers have found et transmission voltages. Genera- units as small as 10,000 KVA and quarter of a century to intensive possible considerably to increase tion directly at the higher vol- air cooling
the design of switch the output per pound of motor has been used on tages dispenzes with the first machines us large as 50,000 KVA. apparatus and particular weight. Unfortunately the large cast of the transformer, together It does appear, however.
the rupturing capacity of such numbers of existing motors al- that switchgear, Most large manufac-ready installed make it difficult un with Its control apurratus and hydrogen cooling has experience
come to turers have found it necessary to the grounds of mechanical inter- in operation has stay and the control mechanism lay down expensive testing plant changently to make full use of shown that machine reliability) and precautions necessary to with which they are able to sub-hese increased ratings in smaller when generating at this higher avoid explosive mixtures within ject switchgear to fault conditions frame sizes.
the generator cooling system and if necessary test it to destruc- hove proven themselves in prac- tion. tice.
BENLOW GOLMET
THE LIGHTER
THAT HAS CONQUERED
THE WORLD'S MARKET
MANUFACTURED BY BENLOW LTD. -IN -
THEIR MOST UP TO DATE FACTORIES AT
HAYES (MIDDLESEX),
Obtainable at all Leading Stores
33.000 volts.
are crease
the
wintage.
drogen
power
research
under
fault
Modern Lamps
ac-
STEEL
IMMEDIATE DELIVERY EX-GODOWN
INTERESTED EXPORT ORDERS
15 gauge New Soft Galvanized Wire.
MILD STEEL ROUND BARS
IN TO ONE INCH BY 10 TO 40 FOOT
MILD STEEL ROUND BARS
-14 INCH BY 10 TO 12 FOOT
BEAMS (LIGHTWEIGHT),
10 INCH BY 16 TO 20 FOOT TINPLATE STRIPS
2 INCH BY 10 INCH AND LARGER
TINPLATE WASTE
10 INCH BY 10 INCH AND LARGER BLACK SHEETS
24 INCH BY 24 INCH AND LARGER
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For further details and prices please apply to:-
The old conception of a switch As will have been evident to In the case of large Power consisting of metallic
contact most of you the normal wire fila. Stailous there is an increasing which could be separated beneathment lamp is now being challeng tendency
towards the use separate motor driven exciters ways. All such modifications are of gaseous discharge and fluores- for the larger machines. These aimed at extinguishing the arecent lamps. These modern lamps excites are driven by squirrel formed between the contacts as produce, in most cases. two cage motors which are designed rapidly as possible. To this end three times as much light as the to maintain continuous operation circuit breakers have been design old lamps for the same electrical even under abnormal supply con-ed with special forced all arrange-energy input, They also have ditions.
of all has been modified in many ed very seriously by various forms SUN & SUN INCORPORATION
Whilst on this subject of gene- ration I feel that we cannot neglect to mention the possible use of atomic energy.
Heat Energy
Heat energy available from conl is usually measured in Bri-
tish thermal units per pound. In
nuclear
re-action the heat is
Plastics For
Furnishing
much longer life and as a result
of the intensive research of the past years have now been de signed to onit a light of much less harsh quality and in fact in the case of modern fluorescent type, the light produced is very near indeed to natural daylight,
to
Another developnient of the lamp designer is the infra-red lamp which is now being used to measured in electron volts per inent from the technical point of dustrial heating and drying pro- The most interesting develop an ever increasing extent for in- atom. One pound of coal gives view in plastics for furnishing cesses. in many instances pro- of energy at the rate electron units per alom
of four will be the first showing, at the duction heating, processen have
125 it British Industries Fair of woven been reduced from hours burns. During nuclear re-action plastic yarn (nylon always ex-minutes by the substitution ef uranium gives off 200
million cepted). This woven material these infra-red ovens in place of electron voits per atom. Reduc- called Tygan, is made tion
from an more orthodox drying methods. of these figures to the more extruded plastic monofilament. Unfortunately in the time at my normal yardstick of heat per The Anished cloth will be a keen disposal it is not possible to deal pound indicates that from
fascinating de- the competitor for all forms of pub-with the many same weight of materials we lic transport
and velopments in electrical measuring should
upholstery be able to obtain three heavier curtaining. IL" nced instruments and I will mention million times as much heat from never be cleaned or laundered, only one, namely the Electron uranium as from coal. In other for any dirt can simply
be spong-
Microscope. This Instrument words it
If one envisaged a powered off. Though the composition which is illustrated on the screen plant
operating a1,50% overall of this new plastic yarn is
is now well established as a ro- efficiency one pound of uranium yet divulged, it is assumed to be industrial research laboratories. not bust and reliable Instrument in 235 which could be represented basically of the vinyl family. by a one inch cube would pro- Another
Its fundamental advantage lies in Interesting develop- 10,000 KW for thirteen ment in the vinyl group of plas- the very much higher limit of re- ties which will be shown at the solution obtainable from using an It is the exciting project open-Fair will be the unplasticized electron beam instead of a light ed up by such Ogures that is rad sheet. The advantages of beam, or in other. words, 1210 making for such intensive re-unplasticised vinyl over the plas- ability to separate, in the final search into the use of such form tried material have long been image, points very close together of energy for power generation, studied in Britain and on then the object. The present day electron microscope is capable of runs no danger of the plasticiser resolution limit some 100 times The only method at the mo- becoming unevenly
better than that of the optical dispersed ment by which this energy can throughout the
instrument, and magnifications of material with be utilised is in the generation cousequent deterioration with 10,000 to 16,000 times can be ob- of heat and the conversion of age. Applications in the early tained directly. The electron
duce
days.
this
Continent, for unplasticised vinyl Atomic Power
heat energy through stages may be
be minor
consumer
beam is generated by, an electrom the medium of the boller and articles like lampshades, drawing Cathode ray tube. The lenses
gun similar to that used in. steam turbo generator or the so-instruments and slide rules. Thin take the form of magnetic and called gas turbine. The extrac-rheels may be used as the top electric felds and consist usually tion of electric power directly surface of
of phenolic laminates: from the nuclear re-action does may oven and an outlet in the the beam onto the object, an ob
of a condenser lens concentrating not appear be within the
luggage trade for although it injective lens, and a projection lens realm
of poribally. Apparatus rigid material, being thermo-providing anal magnification. The of heat bas plastia It can be formed to shape. electron image is made vinble to atrendy been built in several This suggests' that it will compete the eye by being projected onto parts of America and England with post-formed thermosetting a fuorracani.aureen'; Alternative- and from the result obtained from laminates for trunks and suit by the image can be photographed Firedo "experimental prick, as they comemor
METARA for Patillinent record,...
ree
Tel: 20374 Room 508 Bank of China Building.
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
by
THE JARDINE ENGINEERING
CORPORATION LTD.
14-16 PEDDER STREET, HONG KONG,
Telephone 30311.\
CARTER
&SUTTON
ARTER &
INDUSTRIAL AND COMFORT
Air Conditioning
210A, HONG KONG & *SILANGWAL BANK, ELDG,
Engineesr..
„Telephone: 28004,