Paga
THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, MARCH 18, 1948,
ANNOUNCEMENT
ARNHOLD & CO., LTD.
SASSOON HOUSE
Shanghai
HOLLAND HOUSE
Hong Kong
Take pleasure in intimating
their re-appointment as
Agents for:
THE STANTON IRONWORKS CO. LTD.
NOTTINGHAM
Manufacturers of
SPUN IRON PIPES
and
their appointment as
Agents for
THE CANDY FILTER COMPANY LTD.
LONDON
Manufacturers of
WATER PURIFICATION PLANT
for
WATER SUPPLY COMPANIES,
SWIMMING BATHS, ETC.
ARNHOLD & COMPANY, LTD.
FORMOSAN
BAMBOO
OFFERED BY
司公康永
GEORGE LIN & COMPANY
202: BANK OF EAST ASIA BLDG.
TELS, 24408-22651
SWISS-BALLA
DRAFTING MACHINES
Model 8 4 b.for Horizontal Board Z′ 6′′ x 4''0′′ --- HK$450.00 Model 83b for Horizontal Board 3′ 3′′ x 5′ 0′′ — HR$480.00
Solo Importers.
Chafer Rond
U. SPALINGER & CO.
Tork Building
AIR COOLED
3
LTD.
Tel. 26774.
ROOM COOLERS
FOR SUMMER & WINTER OPERATION
3/4, 14 TON CAPACITIES
LIMITED STOCKS AVAILABLE THIS
ORDER NOW
ANDERSEN, MEYER & COMPANY
ENGINEERING PAGE
A SAND COOLING PLANT
-At last it has been decided to do away with five-cent and ten-cent notes
in Hong Kong, and to substitute metallic coinage. Below is sold the inter- esting story, of operations at the mint
the
Methods In A Modern
Before metal coins became
currency of trade, the
strangest diveralty of objects
were in circulation. In''Abys
Mint
Exacting Operation
Apart from their everyday value, coins of all periods pro- vido intercating reflection of history. The chronic shortage
An interesting, sand cooling
sinin, for instance, rock salt different countries, including of money from which Henry plant, of compact design, which was used; in Santa Cruz, red British West Africa, Ceylon, VIII of England suffered caus has been working successfully fenther bands; - while in Fiji East Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, ed him to debuse the British for many months, is shown in the sperm-whale teeth were
com Hong Kong, Iceland, Iraq, Lat- silver coinage until it was base accompanying drawing. In tha monly employed.
via, Lithuania, Poland, Ru-metal washed with sliver. The plant sanú delivered from the
Metalic coins. first appeared
manja, Sarawak, and Saudi,prosperous period which the sond dryer into a bucket eleva.
under his tor at the standard beit pattern.
In Ancient Greece.
country enjoyed They were Arabia.
daughter, Queen Elizabeth, was The sand is discharged at the top of electrum (a natural mixture of this elevator Into a controlled of gold and silver) or "palc
accompanied by a return to tha chulte, from which it flows down gold" Ingots of unequal weight, The making of coins is an silver standard, over a series of water-cooled trays made up to sult the trading exacting operation, for they Silver was short again dur set at an angle of approximately 35 5deg. Each of these trays in needs of individual merchants must not only retain their deign the Civil War in England adjustable and easily removable. Some of these ingots bore the sign under heavy wear and of 1642-1652 and Charles 1 had The supply of cooling water en stamp of the maker ол a tear, but be as secure as possi- to pay his troops with special ters the bottom of each tray guarantee of quality. The first ble against counterfeiting. I.C.I. "Slego" pieces minted from Further impro- through a flexible hose.
Del denominational coins were pro principally uses two alloys-óne silver plate. cock being mounted at the top of bably those made in the 8th and consisting of 70% copper, 20% visation was necessary during each tray to discharge any air. 7th Century B.C. by the Merm- zinc, and 1% nickel, and the the reign of George III, whon From the trays water is discharg ed through a in copper labe
nad kings of Lydia, where the other cupro nickel, of 75% cop- a special issue was made, using Spanish dollara and half-dol. per and 25% nickel. leading down the side ot the electrum mines were located. elevator to a tun dish.
with the King's head The rate:
lars,
the original of water discharge in controlled
superimposed on by a small tap immediately above
design. the tun-dish.
ו
The sand cascades over ninc trays. Five cooling water als
Jam Ta
charge pipes from the trays are
arranged on one side of the plant
Silver colna were not intro- duced until about 650 B.C., and pure gold currency did not be- come common until the days of Croesus, two centuries later. Copper never took more than n subsidiary place in Greek cur- rency, but the inconvenience of handling very amall silver coins led to the appearance of bronze about 400 B.C.-by which time coins were used by the whole elvilised world.
In The Beginning
The process begins with the ensting and rolling of strip. The metal ingots are rolled to the correct thickness, and, after careful gauging for regularity: the strip is passed through presses which "blank out" disca usually a few thousandths of an inch larger than the finished coin. The edges of the blanks are then thickened on a rim ming machine.
After rimming, the blanks are annealed, cleaned in acid and burnished before minting.
Cupro-Nickel.
British silver coinage had its silver content roduced by 90% in 1920, and today because of the shortage and high price of the metal, it is being replaced by cupro-nickel.
Owing to their Imperishable nature old coins have often sur- vived where other historical re- curds have disappeared, preser. In the minting preasca, the ving many details of ancient The earliest known method
blanks are fed into a hopper life, art, religion, and mytho- of striking coins was to place and conveyed automatically beingy. Roman gold has been jump of metal on an anvil entween the "obverse" and "re- found in India, and Arab silver graved with a design, and strike verse" discs already in position. In Scandinavia, showing that
a heavy blow with a hammer. The lower dio has a plain or trade was carried on between! This produced un Irregularly serrated collar. By the opera these then remoto countries. shaped coin with a design on tion of a toggle joint the dies Many coins bear portraits of one afde. Later, an engraved punch was held over the metal, are then forced on to the blank. their issuers and representa- and a single blow is sufficient tions of long-lost masterpieces. ao that a design appeared on
to Impress designa on each face Historians have reason to be hoth sides.
of the coin, at the same time thankful that past generations About 1561 trials were made forcing the metal laterally Jnto did not carry out the present with a machine confining the the collar and giving either a day practice of using printed metal to a circular form, but a milled or plain edge to the coin. pieces of paper. hundred years elapsed before The pressure, which is adjusted this principle was established to produce a perfect impression
The originator of modern without a fin at the coin edge, Longer
methods of minting on a large varies according to the material scale was an Englishman, Mat-
the Boultont, an eightoonth used. and four on the other, and they century Birmingham manufac discharge into two tun-dishes,
Milling
Longer Life For "Town Leather"
A new process, which is ex- life of "town" leather by at least 50
This individual tray cooling turer who had the added dia-1-- water discharge arrangement en tinction of partnering James Milling of coin edges is a pected to extend the ables the operator see whe Watt in the development of the security measure designed ther agch tray is being cooled and steam engine.
to
in the
three times
the British Research Associa- Boulton made prevent scraping or removal of years, has been developed by permits close control of the flow coins for the East India Com- metal. A further means em- tion. of water. Owing to the construc-
It is in the form of a chemi- tion of the rays the head of pany, the French Government ployed by IC.I. for still greater
"town rat cooling water is kept very low and others, and then obtained security is to roll a design into cal treatment which protests (approximately 4 lb to 8 b per a contract from the British Go. the coin rim before minting, so leather against
counterfeiting
the action of sulphuric acid by Inch) otherwise the trays would verument for copper twopeany, preventing
derived from sulphur dioxide. have a tendency to bulge. For penny, half-penny and farthing casting.
One museum which, this reason waler is supplied pieces.
From the coining press the past has had to rebind its vast through two ball valve claterns,
Birmingham. where large-coins are fed to examining trays stocks of books one at the top supplying the first four trays and the other being scale coining was first under- for inspection, counting and each century, is stated now to mounted halfway down the eleva taken is still closely connected bagging. Chutes convey the be using the new leather ex- tor to supply
This British speciality, which the five bottom with it today. It is the home coins into bage designed to hold clusively trays. The sand cascades evenly of the Metals Division of Im- a definite number. After maticu is also in increasing demand over the whole of each tray. spillage being prevented by Hght perial Chemical Industries, who lous Inspection the bags are abroad, will be shown at the sheet metal skirts with a slight have produced coins for many sealed and packed for despatch. British Industries Fair. taper clamped on each side. In tests of the plant the following temperatures were recorded: Ambient temperature; 66 deg. Fah. temperature of hot sand leaving dryer, 240 deg. Fah.; tem- perature of sand leaving cooler,
OVERCOMING DIESEL
To overcome
the difficulty
00 deg. Fah,: temperature of often encountered in the start-
trays, 46 water entering
deg. ing of diesel and other oil en-
STARTER TROUBLE
Fah temperature of water leavgines, a compact arrangement, efficient starter requiring little, is 400 deg., 600 deg. and 600 deg. repectively, while the ing trays, 70 deg. Fah.; amount of
which can start the engine at a maintenance is most essential. water used per hour, 70 gallons.
Tho particular advantages touch of a button has been de Starter and breech are scaled maximum torque is 660 lb./It, claimed when using this design veloped by. the Pleasey Co., down models of the earlier 550 lb/ft. and 450 lb.ft. respec cartridge starters. tively. When cartridge is of cooler are that there is no dis- Ltd., of liford, Essex. Develop. Plesney charge of "Anes" into the atmos- phere, it is very compact in con- struction and takes little power to operate.
Ingenious Equipment
1150
ed to provide a reliable means Parts exposed to atmosphere of fired the gases generated pass of starting oil engines, both corrosives are made either of Into the starter cylinder, where stationary and mobile, up to high-quality stainless steel or a piston is driven down; this approximately 200 h.p., this is of bronze alloys. These mater movement being converted into a cartridge starter no longer ials have been found to be par-rotation of the starter dog by than the conventional electric ticularly suitable for this pura series of spirally splined starter. It weighs about 10 post. The breech is a modified shafts. Initial travel of the ib. and Incorporates a maga and improved version of pre-piston serves to engage the zine type of breech which holds decessors used in large aircraft starter jaw with the engine;" six cartridges. As the barrel engines. Improvements Include this taking place at a low pres- assombly of the breech is com- the of percussion-fired sure, after which the torque An ingenious, now ́ equipment pletely detachable and inter cartridges which eliminates all bullds up. All stressen in- for underwater rescue and sal-changeable, reloading is a slim- "electrics" and has considerably volved are absorbed within the
In aple matter. vago work has been atted
This means of reduced cartridge conta. The starter, itself, pure torque' be- in Britain starting has recently been number of parts has been con- ing applied only to the engine: ship being launched today. It also includes decom adopted on the lifeboat engines siderably reduced and an im- starter, Jaw. As the piston pression chambers for divers and of the P. & 0. liner Strath- proved method of sealing the roaches the end of its working special pumping and compressor more, the standard cartridge barrel to the expansion nozzle atroke, an exhaust valve is 'au Since the war ended, the Eri- starters being fitted on the en- has been incorporated, while tomatically opened and the tish Admiralty have been doing gines in situ before the vessel the barrel assembly is com- gases pass to the atmosphere. a considerable amount of research left Tilbury. Auxiliarych-plately detachable, which law is now, disengaged on submarine rescue apparatus gines on all types of vossols, as facilitates reloading of the, from the engine and the piston The new equipment is the de well as emergency lighting breach. A cartridgo typo in returned to the top of its velopment of an underwater bolt-
sets, ard
further examples starter oporates on the prin stroke by a powerful spring. firing gun,. By using explosive propellans in the gun a rivet where the fullest advantages ciple of applying single rotative On reaching this, the exhaust could be driven into a steel plate of the cartridge starter are ob impulses, and therefore dellyers valve closes and the starter is which had not been
en drilled betained. The extensive use of its full effect. In short space ready for a further cycle of forehand. TRANS
all engines in docks,, harbours of time. This action is not un-operations Indexing the
It is now possible to substitute and railways, has also present, like, but more powerful than a breech by cable control or push the belt with a hollow centra for ad starting problems which can sharp pull on the starting button brings another cartridge the rivet. This enables a tube to be driven through the armour be overcome by this means. handle of a diesel' or petrol en into working position. This sipe. By using three different cable, the only breech control. blating of a submarine, to which
maximum" pull Tangles on the helical)
breech
a compressed(hir pipe cans.be [attached, 3 Througies this "pipe, nir
into: n-Gooded;
Frequent
gear ratios
Farnsworth
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SOLE DISTRIBUTORS
[QUALITY FITTING,
by
GIBBONS
GILMAN & COMPANY LTD.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
TELEPHONE
31146
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