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GALVIN-On October 6, at Zurich Switzerland, to Eileen, wife of John Galvin, on
THE DOUBLE TENTH
must be
THE CHINA, MAIL, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1947.
Today, the Tenth of the Tenth, China Cele brates Her National Day, the Anniversary of the Birth of the Republic. In This Article, Professor Lei Gives a Brief Resume of Events
-Leading Up To The Overthrow of the
Manchus.
THE BIRTH OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC
By Professor H.T. LEI
and
It was accident of history, shortest road to the expulsion of the last
dozen yours but quite an important accident, of the foreigner and the salva- may be regarded as the initial that in the nineteenth century. tion of the dynesty,
stages of the recent war, both when China was coming into Disastrous Gesture |In China and in the world aa the country had an allen dy-actionary despair, the officially closer contact with the West. This disastrous gesture of re-
a whole..
A Gesture nasty. the Manchus. After sponsored Boxer Movement of two centuries of greatness, the 1900, was to have the dual re- Dawager and the Manchu gov- After 1000 the Empress Manchus began to show signs of sult of burdening China with ernment began to realize their declino; and it was just at the many onerous moment that Europeans started scaling the doom of the Man-of some gesture of concilinting bonds and of unpopularity and the necessity to penetrate China in earnest. Jehu regime. A heavy indem-public
China, by long tradition anity of 480,000,000 tacis was im- for constitutional
opinion. A movement self-contained and
reform self-suffi- posed on China, not yet fully officially, though half-hearted-.
Whe clent world-empire, could not paid when the second bring itself very easily to learn war
worldly. sponsored, but it was too from the West. The Manchus Quarter of Peking was hence-in
started. The Legation late even had the Manchus been
mora
to eye
and establishing 題
CARNIVAL
By Dick Turner
keycon
яла
"Elmo! I wish you'd got up here and pay some attention
*o the O'Dowds—you've been ignoring them all evening!"
BARCLAY ON BRIDGE
By Shepard Barclay
"The Authority on Authorition"'
SKILL WITH BLACKWOOD
Its
to
The presence of political and economic conditions which must rank among the most critical in China's modern-day history will proved to be even more conser-forth to be under the defence came
earnest. The feeling be- not prevent the celebration in all vative than most Chinese, and of foreign
and more wide- garrisons. enthusiasm todays of the 30th gisting all innovation. It was king and the
Free spread that only the total over- were doggedly stubborn in re-communication between Pe-throw of the Manchus and the angiversary of the founding of the successful modernization of maintained by foreign garrisons could save the country, If the ACG Was to be establishment of a republic The Republic. The importance Japan, which had no deeply in- along the route-a stipulation dynasty had been, native, it of the occasion rises supreme to block foreign influence, that utilize and to distort so as to with the people. As it was. it
grained culture of its own to that the Japanese were to might have been eye diminish the background, at least first opened the eyes of the encircle Pcking and start kemporarily, and it is right and Manchus to both the possibill-present wat in 1937. These and sures of real reform. for it re- the never cared to introduce men- proper that its observance should ties and the advantages of re- other humillating
form along modern lines. The brought upon
conditions garded all reform as conces- 10 forward freely and cheer Manchu government; under
China "by the slons to the people, whom it fully, unchecked by considera-young
a Manchus made Chinese recon- had been ruling for over two and enthusiastic em-cillation to the alien dynasty hundred years as a conquered tions of the acute difficulties peror, Kwanghau (1875-1908), impossible, and may be said to people, and to whom it refused affecting the national well-sued a series of edicts of far- be the main immediate cause to concede political and social
reaching consequences in 1898, of the revolution of 1911. As a equality. being. That does not mean, of with the main object of lending further consequence, the Boxer course, that China's problems, China along the road of con- Movement led
Sun Yat Sen, to the Rusalan pressing upon her
acutely stitutional $0
development
Dr Sun Yat-sen (1860-1025) a and occupation of Manchuria. the native of Kwangtung Provinco
to ask about the kings in those modernization. But the forces Russo-Japanese War of 1904-of peasant origin, was trained these days, can be dismissed of reaction were too strong and, 1906, the partition of the re-in his youth as
suits. South shoved all three from mind. On the contrary, under the leadership of the gian into
One important phase of the with his 6-Spades. a medical two spheres the Double Tenth, the national Empress Dowager. forced the fluence.
of doctor at Canton and Hong- Blackwood convention is
After ruffing the diamond A and, ultimately, the day, as it comes round annually set up a regime of reaction, den and all of Manchuria in
emperor Into virtual retirement. Japanese occupation of Muke kong. He became interested in special use after either partner lead, this declarer decided
political reform, and finally had made a eue-bid of an op- piny - East for the meaningless unless it and finally went so far as to 1931, a move that started the effecting the downfall of the trackwood eske about acts and the first overcall. He scored the missing decided to devote his life to ponent's bid suit. After that the queens because of his making serves as an inspiration, gives resort to the Boxers a the series of totalitarian conquests Manchus each individual Chinese pause to
republican revolution. He went kings in the other three at the with the K, took in the heart A, finessed the J, folled think of his national heritage, to
to the Hawaiian Islands and the responses not to tako into reflect upon what has gone by
to the United States to account anything in the
auit club K, led-to the A, intending and what is to come, and to 'de.
propagate his ideals to the which had been cue-bid. This is to ruff the sult up on the next termine that the cause of China
Oversons Chiness, who from the an indispensible phase in skill-round, but was pleased when is worthy of a special personal
his most ful aise of the convention on a the Q dropped, then scored his supporters. Ho effort for the future. Without
also went to Japan and Europe hand in which one of the part catablished cards to make the that, at this, particular juncture
to build up a revolutionary nera is wholly lacking cards in grand slam: group among his compatriots, the adverse sult. in China's affairs, there can be
mains steadfast in their deter-Nor did he neglect the home no point in celebration. The
mination not to receive these where both he himself civil war, which has persisted for
Duchess of Windsor.
and his co-workers created re- more than a year, appears to be
son halls of the Patace,
volutionary.cells amorig the in- In the ivory, gold and crim-tellectuals as well as the army rising to yet a higher pitch of
the officers. Finally the followers 398 6 intensity, with discouraging
Duke and his brother "Bertie," of Dr Sun were ready, and the Since then, the Duke
60 setbacks for the
of as the King is called by his long hoped-for revolution start T. 9 National Windsor's plans, of which he family, faced the present day ed at Wuchang, near Hankow, D. A 73 Government in Manchuria was uncertain upon his arrival situation.
Jon October 10, 1911, The hope-: uf -such importance that in England a fow days ago,
lessness and the helplessness of It has not changed one lot the President Chiang Kai-shek have crystallised. He will not from the day that Queen Mary apparent. Practically
Manchus became at once
all finds it necessary to be in North attend the wedding of his and the Cabinet told the Duke articulate sections of the coun
tho China to meet the threat. In niece, Princess Elizabeth, as at that he must choose between try flew to the support of the
heart. The club K was scored Q. and the J. finessed to the the time of the wedding he and the Throne and, the Duchess, China Proper, inflation appears the Duchess, who is now in
revolution, and early in the again to
next year the Manchus formal- have seized control, France, will be in America.
(Dealer: North, North-South whereupon East raked in three ly abdlented, The
high diamonds. The swing be bringing gloomy prognostications
overthrow rulnerable.) of the monarchie regime, des- North
tween the two tables was five of ruin, hardship and starvation
pite doubts
home and 1. 1 C: 1 D
tricks, for thousands,
The Duchess still stands be-abroad, proved to be perman- and reinforcing his favourite nicce is simply tween the Duke and the Palace.ent. A design on the part of 2.1C
The Royal Family
And The Duchess
London, Oct. 8. When the Duke of Windsor called on the King at Bucking ham Palace yesterday, the two brothers talked together for about 30 minutes.
The reason for the Duke's absence from the wedding of
the atmosphere of 'each man for because the Royal Family himself which is the worst enemy of stability, and of the general welfare. If China were riding on the crest of a wave of prosperity, the attitude of in- difference of the average Chi- nese to the tremendous issues that require to be solved in his country might be regarded some- what lightly, would be perhaps forgivable. Under the existing conditions, with the
Republic
: Divorce
then
beginning had been enthusiastic
new
S. A 7
H. A 10 8 7 A D. None
අගය
He could not believe the score
he then saw for the other table, where unskilful bidding Innded. South in only 4-Hearts, and still worse play got it set two tricks. happened. Here is how that After this declarer ruffed the diamond A in dummy, he scored heart the spade A and K, the
C, AJ 10 8 5 2. 5. Q10 4 N H. Q 6 2 W-ED. K
$
J
10
C. 9,0.4
C..
S: K 2 H. K J G 3
K and A and led to the heart Q. East returned the diamond K last to be ruffed by dummy'a
D. 9 6 6.4 2 С. К
East
South
West
I H
18
4 H
1D
1 H
1.9
2 D
Dbl
3 H
Pass
4 NT 5 NT-Pass 7 H
POSS
6 C
Разв
6 S
Равя
Tomorrow's Problem
S. AK 6 -H-10-7 4-
D. A K.Q
re- During all the visits that the Xuan Shih-kal at the estab-
lishment of a Duke has made in
dynasty Britain (1915-1916) and an attempt at since his abdication not once the restoration of the Manchus hab the Duchess been welcom (1917) both failed with un- ed to the Palace. Several times expected rapidity, and ever After South bid, his hearts, she has been in the car taking since the country has been de- North decided he wanted a slam 10 him there for a visit. He gets cles and realize a truly repub-if South had two or more of the D. J 866 W ED. 92
termined to overcome all obsta-
1. KQ92 N out, but
she remains behind lean form of government. going to another appointment,
100 Years Ago
A
and at a set hour calls back, for him, always waiting In car outside.
This time, " judiciously, she hind in France.
perhaps more remained be-
H.K. Family Find It Impossible
facing the greatest peace-time (From the files of the "China crisis in its history, today's cele-Mail")
The Royal Famlly, it is said, bration should serve as a remind- In England, parliamentary bases ita disapproval of the er that citizenship involves an to the condition of the colonies. abe
attention has at last been called Duchess only on the fact that obligation to the State. It may while on one hand petitions are once, but twice. Otherwise, it
has been divorced-not! be urged, with some truth, that pouring in from all quarters, is emphasised, they would have the general apathy is not entire complaining of mal-administra. welcomed an American. ly the fault of the people, that tion at the Colonial office, and
R
Sydney, Oct. 9. Unsettled conditions in The younger generation of the Far East are driving
right kings. Preparing for this,
he cue-bid diamonds, accepting G. Q J T hearts as trumps. When South's 3-Hearts showed his hand
C. K, 8 5 2
S
5. Q.8
H AJ85
C. A 10 6
4 3.
S; J 9 7 5 4 2 H. 6
D..10 4.4.8
C. D
title better than a minimum for his first 1-Heart, North shadow. boxed with the Blackwood, 4-No Trumps, to which he knew (Dealer West, East-West vul- South would have to answer 5-nerable.)
Clubs to any 'he did not have the With East and West rematri- aces of spades, hearts or clubs, ing silent, what, is the best bid- and then bid the .5-No Trumps ding by North and South hero?
CLOAK AND DAGGER
IN DRESS
SALON
little has been demonstrated in exhibiting a formidable list of the Royal Family would be in- the conduct of, national-adminis grievances to be redressed, and clined to lot bygones be by many families to settle in tration to impart :confidence in reforms called for by the niter-gones" and accept the Duchess, Australia. 200.-ny political party, and that ex-ed position of all, and the in- but Queen Mary, following in Mr. and Mrs. Fowler and cept in the figure of the Gener-crease in population in some of Queen Victoria's footsteps, pre- their granddaughters, Bri- Daily Service Except Monday ... 350.- alissimo, there is a lack of that the colonies; on the other hand, valls, stoutly backed by the tish family, have Errived in
120.-inspiring leadership which can
the people of England complain King and Queen.
Sydney after being in business alone weld the people into
of the large sums voted annual- Queen Victoria frowned Bo in Hong Kong for, 43 years and
London, Oct. 9. -300.- solid partnership.
ly to defray the military ex hard on divoros that sho at interned by the-Japanese.
The British press Insinuated, today that some That, how
penses and (in some instances) Court refused to receive the ever, should provide the greater to pay part of the civil establish- "guilty party" of a
"It is impossible to get a fiat.
fashion houses are conducting business along stimulus to endevour. Public ment........
divorce or a house in Hong Kong," Mr. the sinister lines of pre-war munitions mer2 opinion is still powerful enough
ault. This gulity party ruling Fowler said. "Hotel exponses From the tone of the parlia still continues in full force to aro also high. It costs about
chants with another report that efforts are be to be decisive in influence if it mentary debates, and from the day at Court, but in the case £65
ing made to steal the secrets of Princess Eliza- a month for the bara is wholeheartedly exerted. And sentiments of the administration, of the Duchess of Windsor, the necessities of life..
beth's wedding dress. if much has, in fact, in the past it is clear that some comprehen- ruling does not apply. In nei-
The Daily Express said there the newspaper said, "In Hong Kong today, the had been a series of attempts to direct lines to Scotland Yard." year, been already achieved to sive scheme of reform is in con ther of her two, divorce suite British are
the poor whites bribe acamatresses, guarda and impress upon the Central Gov-templation. The odlum of a per- was she named the guilty party and the Chinese won the wax other employees of Norman elaborate arrangements were "Last night" sald the paper, ernment the widespread sense of at all-is cast upon the Secre niclous system-or no Bystem
[That is the Chinese attitude.' disquiet with the management of tary of the Colonica. But it lai
Mr.. F. Leemburggen, an on- Hartnoll'e salon for even little made, to detain the men if they affairs, much still remains to be evident that the evil doce not Nevertheless, the Duke and from India because he does not tional fashion houses which whether, the plan to trap the
gineer, has come to Sydney secret of the design worth entered the salon."
thousand of pounds to interna No one seemed to low done. The initiative has so far exist with the individual. The Duchess will be sailing for think it a fit place in which to some from the few. Not until first men la England Whigs America ten days before the raise his son.-United Press. could prepare their own Royal men would suffer by - being - the democratic volce makes it and Torles-have been at the wedding on November 20, when
KOWLOON Peninsula. Hotel Lobby
Tel 58948
Philippine Air Lines. Trc.
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Malm Decking
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› THIS' KIND
A.K, Othon Tali 21STE 15739°(Chinese) :
Salling Earlier
14.
"have
wedding gown model for the printed on the front page of a self truly heard can China look head of the Colonial office, and the undivorced, of Europe's - COMMONWEALTH market, well in advance of newspaper with the largest cir- to sound progress. To the ex-no improvement has markod migining royalty will be 'wend-
rivalg
culation in the worldUnited tent that the Double Tenth con their career.
ing their way to Britain for]
SHIP LINES On Sunday, the Pictorial Press. tributes to that result, and that
the big family re-union that
Sydney Oct. 8. claimed that "American sples" only, is fer to be evaluated much The "Boston Post," to hand, bound to be
magunced today that legislation algn. but that they had not any Princess Elizabeth's wedding is Berstor William :: P-Ashley, were in the capital charged with above
Australian Minister of Shipping, the mission of stealing the de- the level of a general says that two young Pena- holiday.
THE PRINCESS'· Meanwhile, the design and sylvanians, now in Boston, have dimension of the
to give effect, to the principle of success due to security precau- Princess® invented a locomotive by which "official" wedding cake are and the establishment of an Aus
BOUQUET a Commonwealth shipping line tions equivalent to those aur a vehicle is propelled at the rate still a jealously guarded socret tralian shipping baard was well rounding the Normandy land.
London, Oct & London Oct, 0. of 200 to 800 miles per hour and all descriptions and photo advanced, pag
Ingresik It was omcially announced to British stoel production In Ice and snow are no Impedimento graphs of It published in news. The Bill for this purpose would. The Dally Express said two day that Princess Elizabell: had September-totalled 1,163,416 to its operation. The "Post" papers are false, it, was an- be introduced in the first Parliamen followed a Hartnell, special "graciously consented to continue tong-the highest for any snys It is precluded from: renounced from the Palace today.mentary session next year, you guard home and offered him a the custom" by which the Mayor. month since March 1948 and vealing the method, but halfBy Princess Elizabeth's own The question of overicas trad"substantial sum" to let them shipful: Company of Gardeners"
lug by Austrellan, Government the biggest September output in endorses it, saying the inventors wish details of the cake will sups, he sald; was being examin into the salon. He told them the provides the elder Kescube of a Hlatory, the Iron and Steel and not, visionarios but the not be revealed until the waded against the time when the offer was not mough and or will be made by T. Ha Longue
Royal Prince The bouque Federation reported today.--As- authors of at least one useful in ding on November 20-Hour coastal shipping problem becanie ranged to meet them later. member off the chatol sociated Press,”
less acuteReuters
Then he notified hla chlers: Who, pany United F
BRITISH STEEL
vention
'ter.