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SF
A.F. E
BRAATHENS
<JE
GEN, MARSHALL'S OFFER
THE CHINA MAIL, SATURDAY, JUNE 7. 1947.
Another Step Forward In The Antibiotic Field
The nows
are.
aver.
By Rosemary Denton, B. Pharm., Ph C,
B
but
vary
entirely synthetic
A
at
CARNIVAL
*PR. 1947 BY NKA BERVICE, MC. T. M. RÍO, V, K
By Dick Turnor
SOLD
EXHIBIT
A SERIES OF
MODERN PARTING S
AND PORTRAIT>
by PIERRE.
O'DOWD
2-11
"Ho certainly drove a hard bargain—t had to throw in my paints, brushes and the keys to my studio!"
BARCLAY ON BRIDGE
By Shepard Barclay
"The Authority on Anthorities"
COURAGE NOT
INVOLVED
-
that the sodium) single-flank technique, Glaxo; techniques, salt of penicillin is now avail- became the first to start pro- food was provided for the able in crystalline form for duction of penicillin on a com- mould. Peniellin II is formed in
deop quanthy by Bath
and uso in cancs where maximum mercial scale.
During
"food" World War II, at surface culture if the purity and stability are casen- tial, marks another step for- icant 80 por cont. of British contains corn-steep liquor—a 'by-
the antibiotic fleld. penicillin WAB produced ward in
by product of the starch industry. amall From the time of Sir Alexander these laboratories, one factory Pentellin III occurs in
all corn-steep Fleming's discovery in 1029 alone handling 300,000 separate quantities from progress has, in the main, dasks. Though quality was the liquor methode of manufacture, been steady. It is now rapid- need, quality with quantity was but since it is not readily soluble ly accelerating; but when the the alm, and it was not long in chloroform (a uzuni method
80. por cent, pure of extraction) It results of several years work before an
generally brief product was consistently main-] eliminated from the final pro- condensed into
duct. Penicillin IV is formed article, an impression of case tained. may result, exceptionally mis- In 1945. a British team of mainly by deep culture produc-,
with the newer leading in the case of penicil-chemists, profiting from con- tion
moyld lin. This substance has from siderable experience in the use strains. It seems curiously in the start proved singularly dif- of the freeze-drying technique effective therapeutically; pro- ficult to handle. The crystal- for other preparations, adapted bably owing to its rapid de tine form, for instance, was and finally perfected this pro- struction by the body. Fortunato made, only after many failures, ceas for use in the final stage ly research workers were quick General Marshall's call for co- by forming an organic base of of penicillin production-the to realise this. Changes were operation among European coun- the penicillin and then convort- drying of the purified sub-made in the "foods" and in the whole processes of extraction, so that tries to work out a joint and sub-ing this to sodidin salt. This stance. Ultimately the
it has been Glaxo penicillin output was now Penicillin IV is present in process, though atantial programme of reconstruc-known for some two years, has freeze-dried at the main fac-only
small proportions, tion has, obviously, both a politi- only recently been adapted for tory. A minor diversion oc- Penicillin II predominating in a flying, the final product. Dihydro-Pen- cal and economic basis. Events in mass-production. It was, how- eurred here, when
a most important dis bomb hit the drying plant see-lelllm F is a more recent dia- Hungary have stung the United covery. Crystalline Penicillin tion, and buried some of the covery and probably the
The devastation was forerunner of other penicillins. Stares to action as nothing else Glaxo contains at least 90 per plant.
cent. of Penicillin II-that is, considerable,
production
Five Times Standard could have done since approval of Gand the material has ex-was resumed in 24 hours.
Considerable da the success
Legally Required the plan for aid to Greece and ceptional stability.
Even in surface-culture days, Turkey, as the coup can hardly be
The advantages of the ery with surface methods had been, stalline penicillin are very deep culture had such obvious British chemists maintained interpreted otherwise than as the marked,
especially in brain advantages over the single-ul level of purity between four and five times that of the standard Soviet riposte. In urging the surgery, for it can be used in technique that early in 1940
extreme concentration without special Fermentation Division of legally required. At the present countries of Europe to get together risk of irritation. As permis the Company had been formed. time this is 800 units per milli-
the! With the co-operation of a joint rehabilitation blue- aible dosage. Increases,
Bri- gram, and penicilin Glaxo has the drug appear tain's Ministry of Supply, a site invariably a strength of print, General Marshall promised Powers of
South, however, refused to accept orchida for bravery. greater than was secured for a new factory least 1.200 to 1.500. When the sometimes even American economic and financial
was at first predicted. There to be devoted to the production International Standard was es
"You can compliment me for assistance and support against any is every reason to think that of penicillin. Building was be-tablished, and it become desir
There is no question of cour. my ability to add if you want," country which "manoeuvres
with the progress of research gun ahortly after the war cad-able that a quantity of standard age involved in the problem of he said, "but that is all."
of similar
Then he pointed out how he purity whether or not to make a high still more remarkable results in cd, and despite the difficulties substance block the recovery of other coun healify will be obtained. of that period production was should be available in Britain, encrifice bid. It is a pura mat- had calculated that the grand
thought at first
bonus, thatter of mathematics. The play- alam
not vulnerable, tries."
The role played by British begun at the beginning of 1946. It was It is evident in fact that
Laboratories was and remains
Made Future there was not enough penicillin or who is clear-headed in his would have been 1,000 points, part of the penicillin story. By
of the requisite quality. Glaxo ability to count the number of the game would be worth about Quantity-Supplies 1941 the paramount value of
Laboratories, however, were points about to be lost when 300, and the tricks taken would penicillin, above all in war sur-
British production figures. had materiai at the necessary purity tract, and
able to provide 30 grammes of the opponents make their can bring 210, a total of 1010.
can then calculate Against that, he had rockon- gery, was established beyond doubt, but Britain, then under een mounting steadily, but the level, and the actual penicillin that his side would lose less ed he could take seven tricks constant threat of invasion, advent of, first, the new Glaxo now in use ne a British standard through sacrificing and getting could not undertake largescale north county mill town,
factory at Barnard Castle, a has a potency of 1,000 unite doubled-that is the fellow who development of the drug. Rethen the factory of the Distil
and per milligramme.
makes the good sacrifice bids. The maintenance of a high search on maus-production
·S 10 0 4 jers' Company at Speke, near standard of-control depends to a techniques was therefore trans- Liverpool, made future quantity- great extent on assay technique.
the United States supplies assured. ferred to
This is a field in which the Bri- Unfortunately, however, the
During the rapid progress in tish team have done good work. slibmerged culture process, in the production of penicillin by In particular, a most useful S A
tanks, though, valving huge
fermentation, a team of British modification of the staphylococ- H A9765 plainly superior to “jug and bottle" methods, was obviously tempting to discover the exact devised
and American chemists were at cus aureus plate method.
WG8 4 a long-term policy, whereas the chemical structure of the drug. Laboratories. At Barnard Castle, C 942
the Greenford DA K vital need for the drug wasi now. In 1943, with D-day al-This work, it was hoped, would ready foreshadowed, Glaze Lnot only help to explain its un- boratories, whose research staff que properties, but make pos- sible Its synthcals. Research recovery after World War I. No! had been at work on penicillin showed that there, was at least ed substances which may prove problems from an early stage, four penicillins, all with the effective against conditions not
same basic formula but with affected by penfellin. Eventual- vulnerable.) British Government to obtain slight variations in the sidely science may succeed in bar- West the greatest possible immediate chain. In England they are nessing the defence substances 1 H known as Penicillins I, II, III of many small organisms for 3 H Surface Culture Or
and IV.
the defence of man-and this 4 NT Paяa Single Unit Method
Penicillin I was the form ob- on such a scale that oven our 6 H. Pass Sluce 1941 experiments and tained in largest quantity when, most stubborn ills will be final- 7 NT production had been based on ha in the first surface culture ly conquered. ~ the surface or single unit growing the mould in a flask, method, which consisted of
from which, after seven to alue days, the active liquid could be harvested. So far lit- tle more than experimental
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to
the American State Department has heen forced to an entirely new appraisal of the general outlook in Europe, and provided financial assistance is not blocked by the Senate, is prepared to go a long way to check what appears to be political infiltration battening upon human misery. The failure of previous efforts to put Europe on her feet again is not surprising, for it is largely true that the economic planners based calculations of the world's, pro- bable rate of recovery from World War I upon the experience of
their
doubt allowances were made, for the difference in character and intensity between the two con- flicts, but it is plain today that these allowances were not enough.| Two enormous factors were at work in this last war which had
never been seen at work before It was global, and that multiplied the immensity of devastation be. wond power to envision it; and it was a war of heavy bombing, the destructive effects of which could not fully be seen till the Allies Loverran Germany, and could not: be felt until it was discovered how slow the Germans were to grope their way toward recon- struction.
The main cities and a large part of the technical, industries of Western Germany were in ruins.
received Instructions from the
output.
this way;
"quantities had been made In but in February 1943, by simply multiplying
100 Years Ago Today
Assumed
In
research is progressing steadily.
Meanwhile, chemists and biologists are. "pushing "ahend, seeking for other mould-produc-
The Third Era In Chemotherapy
Atlantic City, N.J., June 4. Powerful
enten
drugs,
Auch
can be made
specifte for syphilis, and anyone as advocating aan of more than * even inglé
Chemotherapeutic agent more effective by mixing them was in danger of being considered properly with other germ killers, a charlatan, a crestor of cure-
alls. it was reported at the 11th
"This era began to terminato
H 8. J
D 10 9 86 CK 10 6.5
himself, and it was probable he could pick up one trick some where in North's hand-in which he was correct, is a club trick could have been developed.. Taking eight tricks would leave him down five, he figured, for a loss of 1400. ་་
"Wouldn't you rather Jose NIKQ10 1400 than 15101" he asked. All W E 2
agreed his bid was a good one, S DQJ7-62 but so was West's 7-No Trumps IC · 8 over it, a contract be mado
easily SKQJB 7.6.32
Tomorrow's Problem
HK 7.4 DAQ 5
H None
D 4 3
CJ 7 8
(Dealer: West, North-South
North
East
South
CJD 6
Pass
3 D
"Pass
8 J 0.6
Pass
4 H
Раба
11 10 8 6
GD
Рдов
DJ763
7 H
7 8
CKG8
N
S'54.8
4958
W ED 0842-
S
3 K 10 8
C4 2
Ꮋ Ꭺ Ꭻ Ꮛ .
After that deal, South's op-i ponenta gave him credit for terrific courage in making his
DK 10 vulnerable sacrifice bid at the
CAQ.10 B7 grand slam level-the first time)
(Dealer: North, North-South they had ever heard of such a thing in rubber bridge when vulnerable.) (HMTLY the bidder and his partner had What is the soundest way for done nothing previously except North and South to bid their разв.
strong combination?
Split In Diplomatic
annual meeting of the American with the discovery of pentellin, Missions
Chemical Society,
as
in
| reports" circulating abroad. about the situation in Hungary. Mr. Istyan Bede, -Hungarian Minister to London, announced his recognition of the now-prò- Communist Government, while a "said the Legation spokesman Hungarian Minister in Paris,
(From the Ales of, the "China Combining two or more drugs and was the period which Additional industrial complexes Mail" June 7, 1847).
London, June 5. around the German perimeter had
in a common point of attack, Dr. Sraphetamine, sulfanilamide, pro- SYNOPSIS OF THE PERIN Gustav J.
flavine, penicillin and atraptomy: . Martin, research ein were used
. An official Hungarian source] Mr. Paul Auer, had resigned. been destroyed-parts of Belgium, | GAZETTE.
director of the National Drug agents."
individual
today said the heads of all Ministers in Washington and the Lille area of Northern France, Robbers in Klang-soo-By a Company, Philadelphis, sald, Is
they would the Milan-Turin industries of memorial from Lee-sing-yuen, as important as
Tho now, or third are, he said, Hungarian diplomatie missions Borne announced using both now follows a "more rational ap- abrend will be summoned. to Ignore any summons from Northern Italy, the secondary in the Governor-General of Klang- barrels of a shotgun or using the prosch."
Budapest for consultation. Budapest. Bela A. Kasnya, dustrial area of Silesin. These nan, it appears that bands of artillery to back up the infantry. "Combinations of chemothera- Hungarian diplomatic ranks Hungaria Ambassador to
robbers have been creating dis manufacturing centres were the turbances in the districts around several drugs as similar to the than any single such chemical to the new regime.
He also pictured the use of pestic agents, for more effective abroad are spilt over, adherence Turkey, arinounced today that heart of the European economy, the lower part of the Yellow use on the football fold-of-the agent..are being used with such
fia would not recognize the new. but with the exception of the de- river, and
-Most envoys, have already Communist, dominated Hun- Increasing frequency that before
have kidnapped as blocking and running back.
*
As an example Dr. Martin said THE HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION
with another drugi
announces that a
Comprehensive Executorship and Trusteeship Service
la available:
through its Associated Company
vastation in France and Belgium many as eight persons to extort The man carrying the ball," long, the use of at any time of a received informal word that they} garlan Gaverameat and would none of them had been knocked ransoms. The district Magistrate he said, "would not get very lar single agent will be a rarity must expect to be recalled soon not return to Hungary-United out in 1914-18. Still another fac-is ordered to be temporarily deif it were not for the fact that
United Press..
In view of the "rumours, and-ProsS. tor complicates recovery and un-prived of rank until the whole of the blocking back takes, out the derlies the unending economic the robbers are seized.
would-be tacklers.". crises of Central Europe. This is the eastward drain of reparations. Lin memorializes regarding the that sulfonamide has a 1,000 per Russia is abstracting capital goodspeculations and other malpractices cent increase in efficiency when -tlie seed corn of economic re- whom he had already deprived of known as acridine. He said that
of a Brigade Major in Yunnan it is used habilitation from Germany and
rank, Austria and certain satellites for unrelentingly, Lin also memori only one-tenth the amount of the and who is to be pursued with this double-barrelled attack, the replenishment of her own de-alizes regarding several officers combined drugs is ticeded to kill vastated areas. The world had no in the salt department who evt. fuvading bacteria. experience of this wholesale pliys-dently are no favourites of his. Dr. Martin said, however, that ical transfer of assets after the One ho pronounces a very.com.any combination of drugs cannot last war; Russia had her ruins monplace sort of person in talent, be thrown together and they must then, but no power or sanction and mash in business (1), him. he be carefully selected. In other to go after reparations. It is no rat deprives of rank, and if he words, they must be able to work
discover any other faults, such as together as a team. clothy metaphor to suggest that deficiency In the revenue, rigor. He sold that the proper com it may be necessary to fight a
ous prosecution awaits him. bination of such drugs war with economic weapons,
* well · mark the “opening "of, . for the recovery and IC The Emperor-Tomorrow, the third ara in chemotherapy." habilitation of Europe. It will. Emperor having breakfasted and "The first," he said, “aw, the be an expensive one, and, sa transmeted business, will offer up creation of folk medicines and in physical conflicts, a change of Incense at the following four preparations designed on a hit-or- bale. Without scientific strategy and revision of ceti places, vir the Precious Adorned mla mates will be necessary from time all The True and Upright Hall, background, although the pre-
the Generous Adorned Gallery,atal now known
*-contained chiles! to time. No one in to blame for and the Fragrant Cloudy Arbourikeskk
therapeutic that it is in the nature of the Nawab da
A that the second era began with the forces to be dealt trith that they FOR SALE JA SOlendid Square, more specialised or eligib 'should require. it.//
Flarió Forte..
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might
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