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THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1946,
CARNIVAL
By Dick Turner
CHINA MAIL BRITAIN'S
Windsor House
Managing Editor: W. J. Keates.
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MUNICIPAL COUNCIL ISSUES
}
|
By JOHN HALL
Next month the longest emi- grant queue Britain has ever known will start moving.
It totals 611,000 men, women. and children at present, and it is growingby, the hundred every day. 296.
Two deep it would
гоней from London to Southampton, which is where most of the quenera want it to reach. They want to get out of Britain-for good.
From home-hungry Britain. housing Minister Aneurin Be van has agreed to release 600 highly skilled building trade workers to not-so-hard-pressed Australia, and the first batch of 200 will sail in a few weeks.
How They Go
This was yesterday's break- down of the half-million people emigrate (the who want to figures come from the shipping companies and Empire. foreign representatives):
and
AUSTRÁLIA .... 140,000 CANADA ........150,000 SOUTH AFRICA. 50,000 NEW ZEALAND...50,000 OTHER EMPIRE
COUNTRIES..
U. S. OTHER
FAR EASTERN AIR TRANSPORT, INC. Particular interest to note, to the 52.000 women a
F. E. A. T. I.
MANILA, PHILIPPINES
HONG KONG
to. MANILA-SHANGHAI-BANGKOK
by
́C-54 "SKYMASTER" 4 ENGINED PLANE
FARE: Hong Kong-Manila
Hong Kong Shangbai ·
Hong Kong Bangkok
Manila-Hong Kong
Manila-Shanghai'
NEXT DEPARTURES:
HKS 600.- HK$ 650.--
HK$ 700,- US$ 150.-
US$ 225,-
HONGKONG BANGKOK Thursday 7th Nov. HONGKONG-MANILA Friday 8th Nov. HONGKONG-SHANGHAI Monday 11th Nov
Agents:
COUNTRIES..
Dick Toner
13. PAT, OFF.
"It's the government entering the field of private busi- ness that hurts us!"
Are They Really "His Majesty's" Forces?
Are they really "His Ma- | jesty's" Furces? We spoke of taking "the King's Shilling" in' .15,000 *40,000
enlist- the days of voluntary ment for the Army and W. S.
·30,000 Gilbert used to sing about Add to these figures thethe King's Navee." But how 52,000 wamen and children who far does the Army or the Navy have gone, or are going, toer the Air Force "belong" to join ex-G.1.8 in the U.S., 60,000 the reigning monarch? brides and children of Canadian ex-Servicemen, and several thousands of Britons who have emigrated by individual effort since the end of the war, and the total is over 600,000.-
This, the greatest emigration wave in British history, face" the country at a critical time.
The Doldrums
We are entering à "doldrum" period, the result of the early thirties, when thousands of young couples preferred a baby! car to a habý 'carriage.
Against tit, background the emigration wave looks, and is, serious.
The mase of pestile applying for a chance to leave Britain are young Their ages range between 20 and 35, biggest per centage are in the 20's.
The answer is going to be a bit complicated and the topic is specially interesting at the moment in view of the latest change in the setting up of a Ministry of Defence,
We start off with the "gener ally accepted fact that "the government of the Forces is vested in the Crown which has power to make regulations an to command and administration, And against that stands the
1th.
By FRED CROWLEY
further fact that Parliament holds the purse strings (and therefore calls the time!) and ite statutes make it illegal for any standing Army to be act up without Parliamentary con sent:"....
Large numbers are young married couple with families who tell the Empire Immigrain whree time the King's Army tion officers: "We want to go because we believe there are more
Then
came an
I
enactment
Placing the army on a con-
HUNDRED YEARS AGO
Battle Against Pain
day
"One - hundred years ago, to- Pirai, the parfect anaesthetic,
surgeon,perating in A century after Morton, Sir A the Massacauseit General Alfred told me, there is still no Hospital, turned from his un-absolute perfecțion.
comous ratlient Asserica's Ether, cocaine, chloroform
By SIR ALFRED WEBB-JOHNSON
President of the Royal College. of Surgeons, interviewed by. MEDRICK WINN
opuriseons and exclaimed: "Geniemen, this is no buin- br.
and nitrous oxide, (called "laughing was because makes you laugh) all have their Prawbacks.
The best of the moderns aro probably Trilene and cyclopro tane for inhalation and for in jection, the swift-action bar biturates, but even these may have their disadvantages for
- surgeon.
Greatest need of the surgeon. now," said Sir Alfred, is for un anaesthetic which, after com plete safety, gives complete re- inxation of the muscles.
"You see, he explained,' operating against rigid musdes is like trying to row a boat
To William T. G. Morton, oneer af anaesthesia, those tive words meant the reward for years of hope and experi ment. He had just administer ed for the first time a general anaesthetic-ether for a major stream-hard work for the speration. The worst terror of | surgeon and had tor... the The inife was ended for all patient.
Lume.
**Dramatic, wasn't it?" said Sir Alfred Webb-Johnson, Pre- sident of the Royal College of surgeons, Talking by a cosy fre in his room at the, College, we had been looking back en 100-years-of anaesthetics and
·were now about to look ahead to the next 100 years.
"But first" said Sir: Alfred; "we must not forget our own pioneers-Henry Hill Hickman, James Young Simpson, Joho Snow
Thomas and Joseph Clover.
Big Four
Large Doses
"Modern anaesthetics, will give muscular relaxation, but anty in large doses. Recently, anaesthetists have been using curare, with Which the Indians upped their arrows, &
I is a great success. It relaxes the inuscles: perfectly, and is used in addition to an anaesthetic. We are nearing parfection, but only absolute. perfection will do."
Meanwhile, Mrs. Jones, lying. in hospital waiting for her to think operation, is likely that perfection has already ar rived,
1 M
his is one of the modern methods of making an opera- on, almost pleasunt, and I wiping out unpleasant memories atterwards. M was that
I particularly like the injec before the tion anaesthetics," Sir, Alfred told me,because they are
(in 1698) which was intended to have a duration of only six
A memorial to the Big Four} She will go into the opera mantha and laid, perhaps, the corner stone of the whole of of British anaesthesia was un-ting theatre peaceful and un- the Army edifice-the Mutiny veiled by the Princess Royal in
urrald-after an injection of, the Royal College of Surgeons say, morphine (old name mor- Act...
on October 30, in a ceremony pha), and scopolamine.. stitutional basis and regulating which comemorated the first a general the Crown's position, in raising operation under
·in Britain-at and maintaining a standing anaesthetic amy, the Mutiny Act. declared University College Hospital, on that 'standing armies and courts Monday, December 21, 1846 martial were unkown to English The only pity law and enacted that no man saesthesia came mustered for the service of discovery of antisepsis."
desert the tinued Sir Alfred, "With the such a boon to childred. I am the Crown should Coura nor mutiny against his arrival of anaesthesia, opera- very much against wheeling n commanding officers. It emtions increased, but surgeons conscious child into an opera- powered the King to deal with were faced with infections ting theatre. The shock, máy military crimes which did not which they did not know how lead to psychological troubles fall within the orbit of civil to control
“But now what about the law,
Well, I can BUT IT ALSO agreed where next 100 years? "it in fudged necessary by their tell you at least what I would majesties and this present like to see." Parliament during this time of danger several.... forces
com:
no attempt was made to inter- of he fere with the powers King as head of the Aring. This issue of whether he could rego- late the Army as he pleased, or not, was never raised. The preamble of the Act of 1860 was left untouched and is au thority for the claim that the Government of the Forces vested in the Crown.
later.
“Kowadaya we can give chil- dren—and adults -too--an i un«" : chtrusive injection while they are still in bed, and they Eng -nothing more until they are safe in bed again the opera tion over."
Ice Freezing
I asked "Sir Alfred what he thought of the "new" ice- freezing anaesthesia, which has been hailed abroad as a great dew discovery.
The questions in Parliament bearing on the proposed changes in the constitution of Hong Kong serve A reminder that, two months have,elapsed since His Excellency the Governor our lined the broad details of a balanced scheme, covering most points,, upon which the estab lishment of
Municipal Council might be based. There wax nothing in the plan which was to be regarded as
They are going to help build inflexible, and since Sir, Mark's homes for the 70,000 Britons statement there has been a cer- who are emigrating to Aus- tain amount of public discussion,, tralla next year; and the 70,-" both in the Press and at organis | 000 who will be going in 1948. ed meetings, from which various suggestions for important modi- fications have emerged. On the one hand, it has been urged that the recommendation for a Coun- il of 48 members erred in the the direction of threatening un- wieldiness. On the other hand, the marked divergence of view- point on Franchise problems be tween the more vocal sections of the Chinese community and the foreign business community, as revealed by the "China Mail"- questionnaire, has been substan tially confirmed. There has been: no serious challenge, it is of
proposal that an even balance should be struck between the Chinese and non-Chinese mem- hers of the Council, whatever number might finally be agreed. Within the limits of what is practical and what merely-iden, it seems doubtful whether any suggestion that requires very con- siderable modification of the ori- ginal official concept of what the Council's constitution could be. has been submitted. Unless it is proposed that all elected rem bers of Council should receive adequate remuneration. for, the time they would be required to devote to the public weal, a mem- bership that was too small would, it is fair to assume, discourage a good many of those whose ser- víces on the Council could be most valuable from accepting nomination. Much of the, solid work of the Council will be done by Committees. In the be ginning, perhaps, this could in- volve few complications. As more and greater powers progressively became transferred to the Coun- cil, however, the difficulty of spreading Committee tasks over the most suitable candidates with- out imposing da onerous burden of responsibility upon a few men might become serious in a Coun- cil too tightly limited in member- ship. In this connection, con- ceivably the elections might be so arranged to make it possible for one-third of the total final membership to be elected the first year, one-third the second, and nine-third in the third year. This would overcome the somewhat
What they want most are
The Pendulum ̈ awkward problem of arranging skilled artisans. Priorities go Then the pendulum swung retirement by rotation (obviously to the highly skilled workers the other way and the Army the most satisfactory system) on
farm workers, engineers, fac- 30,000 strong, became merely 2 three-year membership' basis, tery operatives-the people a political body esercing Parlia and probably, at the same time, Britain needs most at home.
ment into making 'concessions. give the Council in its first three
operations needed for conditiona Except in Australia, there
Gén. Monk in Scotland saw
lke meningitis, brain and lang years of activity a membership is little call, or chance, for that, and when he marched to Later the Duke of York, as Authority Wanes adequate to the needs of the mo- black coat workers.
Lendon he thought it his duty Field Marshal Commanding In By Lancastrian times the acesses, and bone disuses ment. The franchise issue con-
Surprise factor is the num
to keep the military powers in Chief, "Inaugurated the Head- King's authority had waned like osteomyelitis.
"Seme. operations, which used tains, two points of controversy.ber of upper middle-class people obedience to the civil, but his quarters Staff and secure and at this period arose the The first is whether there should
who have put their names "free" Parliament soon gave control of all but overseas uffice of the Lord High Ad- to be common, are now seldom down on condition they can way to the so called Cavalier forces, but in 1870 the Seere rairal, who was
necessary such as those for the King's be ane register for Chinese and take their savings with them. Parliament and Charles I, Lary of State was made res- Lieutenant with immense au- tuberculous glands in the neck, another. for non-Chinese. The At present, each of the "re brought from Holland, soon ponsible for the whole of the thurity delegated. As a fact, which used to cause those dis second questions whether there celving countries is working in an Army of 16,060, though, Army administration despite the Admiralty in its earliest figuring scare you, hardly ever MILITARY RACE MEETING second questions whether there colving"
should be any distinction as to independently...
Australia expects the firal afford such a number.
obviously, his means could not the opposition of Queen Vic creation was a body representa se, nowadays qualifications for voting as be-
"On the other hand, thers Is toria and, though the Duke of Live of the Lord High Admiral tween Chinese and non-Chinese, } of the 146,000 on her "waiting-
However Charles Bold Dun-Cambridge returned to the at- and was merely crucerned with an increase in other Welds.
Gastric operations, foring- Logically, the answer to the see list will sail next spring, and kirk to Louis XIV for £200,000 tack, reiterating that the com- matters military, ond point is No. The intention of has set a target of 70,000 a year and, unpopular as it might be mand of the Army rested with When, after many years of slunce, have böcate commoner.” the administration doubtless is to fer an unspecified number of with England, it gave blm him as representative of the striving for action the besin Surgical Shock concede the vote earlier to those years.
Canada expects the flood. to Army the Militia
120,000 to play with for his Severeign," Childers fought the nings of the aly arm took place. High on the list of surgeon's who, coming here from democratic start next year, too, but num
Issite and a Commission of 1889 the Navy never quite accepted priorities in the next century was es set it out that "the complete the findings of the Imperial complete victory over sur- countries, must be considered bers depend upon slipping tablished in 1863 martial law responsibility to Parliament and Defence Committee setting up gival shock the surgeon's, No competent to use it intelligently, space and decision by the was unknown and punishments the country of the Secretary "the Royal Flying: Corps and enemy), and the discov But that hardly weighs against Dominion Government when it were meted out by the civil of State... must now be as could not forget it had received a drug to defeat cancer, the argument for equal rights, see how reconversion fron authorities:
cepted as firmly established its title Royal Navy in the time Moet general surgeons per nor against the contention that war to peeco is getting along.
form at least one, cander, opera- The Commander in Chief of Henry VIII the more closely the Council re-
Buth Africa will give first ---
continued to approach the SoThus, while it was intended tion out of the six operationa presents those whose roots are in preference to people who can Southern Rhodesia wants vereign direct, itwever, and that the military and naval they average a day, and specia Hong Kong and who more pro- be absorbed in light industries. 7,000 a year, starting with there was a furore when the arms of the new force should lists in the disease must operate perly qualify as Hong Kong Continued at foot of next Col) bricklayers, joiners, and build Commission recommended the work together, the Navy right ften more than once a day citizens, the better. The sugges
ing trade operatives.
abolition of the Cin C, the In from the beginning trained as a "Many of the operations are tjon, at a meeting of labour or
New Zealand, with a waiting troduction of a GOC in Britain, separate establishment and the very mulliating," said Bir Al- ranisations, that there should be Chinese members While the relist which means that pew and of a Cheif of Staff duplication of the services was fred, and surgeons - long”dər 4 common electorate for all mem-sults might be of peculiar interest, comers will probably have to Queen Victoria spoke of "this never settled until almost the the day when they will not be bers of the proposed Council the method would jeopardise the mark time for 12 to 18 months, really abominable reports; and end of the World War when necessary or ne could only mean, in practice, that aim of obtaining a truly repre has a large proportion of single the Queen must consider her General Emuls proposed an 1 bulleve that Alamic she non-Chinese voter might save sentative Assembly. What may girls on her books successors and hand down her Air Ministry to cutrol all energy may open
Currently busiest inimiges Crown unimpaired
mattere in air war The Air of treating the; himself the trouble of going to be possible at some time in the tion office. In the America It was not till the Esher Force Bill, to be the Air Force may be methods the polls. His vote would be en future cannot now be predicted which fa, lesuing "quote" visas Commitee, however, that the Constitutional). Act followed Treatment round the corner tirely buried under the weight of For the moment the wider in at the pic of 50 to 75 daily, changes me into effect and the en, November 20th, 1917 and which will wipe out the azife the Chinese vote, and the Chinese terests of the community at large, and diretung the accepteds abolition was carried through on January 3rd, 1018 Lord for growth operations.
e preserved by to the ascest slipping or air and Army, Cornell founded. Rethermere became first Socru Asked Sir Alfred Ebout the community would in effect, elect are most likely
Wine bathie die Chinese and the non- the safer formules.
(Continued on Page 3) 201 It is of intereat, to note that tary of State for Air A
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HONG KONG SERVICES RACE club
A
PROCEEDS TO CHARITIES
will be held at
HAPPY VALLEY RACE COURSE On SUNDAY, 17th NOVEMBER
First Saddling Bell 2.30, p.m2. :
First Race Starts at 3.00 p.m..
CASH SWEEPS The usual "Through" numbers (310) may be obtained at the Office of the Hong Kong Jockey Club, Exchange Building. First floor- TOTE DOUBLE on the 2nd and 4th Races.
ENTRANCE
LUNCH
(Public Enclosure $1.00 including Tax (Members Enclosure 13.00
A limited number of lunches for Members of The Hong Kong Jockey Club will be available in the Coffea Room Tables should be booked In advance with the No. 1 Boy at the Club House, Happy Valley. Tel. 28211.
There are limited number of Boxes available, for which plication should be made by Post to the Clerk of the Course Col. J. Edgar M.B., HQ LEM.E. Land Forces) en ding a remittance for $25, Tickets cannot be sued until pay. ments is received he
R. RUSHFORD, Squadron Leader, R.AF_V.R. Secretary, HRS.R.C. ING JOCKET CLUB
ESY OF THE HONG
with
With his Navy the King has always claimed and exercised the right of impressing craft
"Freezing, he told me, "has been used for many years for local operations, but it has serious. disadvantages. Like the modern electric knife, it aften anders healing afterwards"-
should be continued...
Privy Purse Until that time military law had been called into being only in the event of war. The Army was expected to disintegrate in In the days of Charles 3 times of peace and spring into being whenever warf occurred. may be said to have had it4 From the Restoration the King beginnings, Parliament, would was supreme cammander pay opportunities Overacas,
not let the sovereign have ing for it out of his Privý but, more important than that, money for his War's
Purse until Parliament ap- because we believe our children France and Spain, and when he proved of a standing army. In
tried to levy taxes without chery he administered the for the defence of the realm. will get a better chance."
Immigration officers classify their consent the presented Army; in fact, the system While his own ships were man the numbers of would-be emi-) the Bill of Right, with grew haphazard and was 产品 ned by his servants, impressel grants who are just "escapees which be had to assent. When, workable.
merchantmen ware simply from austerity" as "Infiniteai later,
scught The Commanding in Chief taken with the crews, and some
"I'd like to see scientific dis mal,"
to obtain powers ever all train- was the King's nominee, but soldiers and an officer. · added The prospects of getting outed bands in England with Mili: the Secretary of War issued for control. When there was coveries which would make vary. Everything is dependent, tia Bill, the Civil War followed, the orders and regulations. peace the King's ships were many operations unnecessary, upon shipping space.
The fear of military rule Other departments handled each hired put. to merchants and. But I'm ufraid there will al was so marked that it is of their little bit and there was King's Clerk kept track of the ways be work for surgeons, interest to note they then made a complete lack of co-ordinat- financial transactions. the proposition that, with the tion. exception of Gen, Fairfax, no officer should hold a rank higher -than-colonel!
Barriers Down
All the main Empire coun- trics and the U.S. want British immigrants, and nearly all the barriers are, down flat. i
When
Parliament.
This brought us to the sub- Ject earest Sir Affred's heart, and we were soon talking about
the progress he wants to see.in surgery in 100 years from now.
night away he safa
because, even if wqfconquer. Every port was assessed on discaseas we shall one day-- From being à civilian wheils resources and while the ships people will always have nccid acted as secretary to the Com were en the King's service he ents
"However, wo manding in Chief with whom paid for them...
are already f War's position grew from The Cinque Porta were bound seeing the next best thing- General Monk's time; but he by their ancient charter tosurgery reduced to a minimum. was in reality, an illegal re-supply in any one year 57 The new drugs, the dul presentative of the Army until ships. 1,140 men and 57 boys planllamides, penicillin and a 1782 when he was made a res- at their own expense, there streptomycin, have greatly re- ponsible military, though not after a long as the King deduced the number and scope of a cabinet, 'minister.
sired at his;