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WELLINGTON K. K. CHAN
23 P'eng Tse-i, "Shih-chiu shih-chi," 1:73, 90-95.
24 Edgar Wickberg, The Chinese in Philippine Life (New Haven, 1965), pp. 216-17.
25 Chang Chih-tung, Chang Wen-hsiang-kung chi (The papers of Chang Chih-tung), ed. Hsu T'ung-hsin (Peiping, 1919-21), "tsou-kao," 12:1-5b.
26 Ibid.
27 E.g., Hsiang-kang Hua-tzu jih-pao (Chinese Mail of Hong Kong), 1901: 4/27, 5/9.
28 Hua-tzu jih-pao, 22/3/1901.
29 Mark Elvin, "The Gentry Democracy in Chinese Shanghai,” in Jack Gray (ed), Modern China's Search for Political Form (Oxford, 1969), pp. 41-65.
30 Imperial Maritime Customs, Decennial Reports 1882-1891 (Shanghai, 1893), p. 34.
31 Morse, Gilds of China, pp. 53-54; Decennial Reports, 1882-1891, pp. 537-38.
32 In 1892, those of Yunnan and Kweichow were added.
33 Decennial Reports, 1882-1891, pp. 119-20.
34 Sheng Hsuan-huai, Yü-chai ts'un-kao ch'u-k'an (Collected drafts of Sheng Hsuan-huai, first issue), ed. Lü Ching-tuan (Shanghai, 1939), 7:36a.
35 The China Weekly Review (Shanghai), 24/7/1926, pp. 188, 190.
36 Hua-tzu jih-pao, 10/10/1907; 28/10/1908.
37 The Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce: The Fiftieth Anniversary Commemorative Issue (Singapore, 1954), pp. 2-3. These practices, somewhat modified, are still going on today, see Sin Chew Jit Poh (Singapore Daily), 9/2/1975, p. 3.
38 See my own forthcoming article "The Chamber of Commerce in Late Ch'ing China."
**
39 North-China Herald (Shanghai), 23/2/1906.
40 Chang Ts'un-wu, Chung-Mei kung-yüeh fang-chiao (Disputes over the Sino-American labor agreement) (Taipei, 1965).