THE CHINA MAIL, APRIL 22, 1941
CHINA MAIL
WINDSOR HOUSE
THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC
Mr. Alexander's speech] draws aside for a space the veil that screens, alike from friendly and from hostile eyes, the vast and complex workings of the Royal Navy. We see, though still only in sha- dowy outline, how this "sure shield" of the Brit- ish Empire is employed. ceaselessly, skilfully, mul tifariously, in warding ofi the blows of the enemy. | keeping the sea routes open, and covering the movements of our forces across the greater part of the world. The late King: George's well-remembered· metaphor stressed the: protective role of the! Navy, which from
time
immemorial has been the chief guardian of the Brit- ish Isles, and remains as such, despite the changes brought about by aerial warfare. But the Navy is! more than a shield; it is of un- a striking force
the rivalled power, and
men who man and direct! it are nurtured in the
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KATSUOKA
Turkish Marshal
Turkey is the fortunate posses- body
spirit of the offensive that!..... of exceptionally able multary and qualitatively
bren The men whe are in task, has alone gives victory in war. | lenders.
Tcommand of the Turkish amed Itahan defeats. Matapan and the sinking forces are not mere theorists in comings of the
He had a leaders, quantitatively a paternal affection,
share in the equal to their very large personal proved by the victory of Sakaren, where he was The grave short- in command of the Second Army:
Duce's army and conducted operations,
its late and from Army headquarters, but from of
the German convoy their calling; they have furnished this respect sealed
aid to the fine among his men in the front line.
1922 Kemal promoted him! last week furnish evidence tore than one battlefield prae- were a powertul
tical proofs of their professional strategy and tactics of the British, In
Commander-m-Chief and made; in Labya. skill.
Marshal. In the former enough of that.
The ihtary policy of Turkey him a Fur twenty years they have left! No part of Mr. Alexan-no stone unturned to make the is greatly influenced by the fact capacity he devoted himself heart; der's address was more army and navy as strong as they that the head of the republic, Pre- and soul to carrying out the re-
his friend and master,¦ sident Ismet Ineunu, is not only forms of can possibly be.
Kemal In {T}< respect, it is! revealing, however, than Ever since the late Ghazi, Gn-
frue, the views of the two inen; diverged. In matters of religion! the disclosure that two of pral Mustapha Kemal, first began to awaken the national conserence
the Ghazi was a pronounced free- thinker. while Chakmak is a Dur- faithful follower of islain.
own way.
the armed forces has been one at the first considerations. The great
renaissance of Turkey after the
By Eugene Lennhoff
The
the Nuz!
increasing intensity dur-ed training of a large number of
officers of all ranks This prin- combined forces is the Chief of the with which Hitlerism threatened
which he has so far hesil-effect of the ated to attempt. Submar-
absence
General
natve
Germany's ace U-Boat or his people, the expansion of]
sunk commanders had
ing the war of independence the ships for the last-time in military victory of 1921-22 over
General would often break off the this war. Hundreds of the Greeks made possible by the
study of his maps to devote him-| political, intellectual and economie
[self to prayer. At the same time men from U-boats are pri-
un ascetic at:
in- soners, but many hun- Great War, is still interpreted as a remarkable statesman, but him- neither piety nor
a warning against even the slight- self a brilliantly successful officer. titude towards his profession
President, are at the est slackening in the work of mili-The dreds of men
whose military lerfere with a healthy and vigor- profile and sharply defined war-ous enjoyment of private life. He bottom of the
sea with any preparedness.
Particular importance is attach-like features are in contrast to his prides himself on his dancing and their submarines. Hitlered to the training of a first-class almost fragile-looking body, is as fond of a game of poker.
His great From the first soldier by conviction,
If the Marshal had little love! is by no means having his corps of officers.
of William 11. the Turkish High Command realis- victory over the Greeks at Insunu for the Germany
Hitler's Third ed that modern warfare, with its in 1921, when he was Ismet Pasha, his aversion for
its revolutionised besides adding a glorious page to Reich is much stronger still What has come to be new weapons,
of carned for the repeated rejection and
which Turkish history. technique
methods called the Battle of the
by which he wooings of Ankara was due in no constitute a break with all tradi-President the name
small measure to Chakmak, whe Atlantic will rage
with tion, calls for the highly specialis is now known,
The Commander-in-Chief of the remained fully alive to the dangers Staff, Marshal Feuzi Turkey as well as others-espect- ing the coming months, ciple has been consistently fol-
establishment of Chakmak, formerly Feuzi Pasba. ally after the Hitler's so-called
"totallowed.
a the Axis. For this reason much The last official figures, issued He is a man of fifty-six with
to his decided end of 1939, showed blockade" being his only at the
a dark brown face from which eyes weight attached
during the negotiations strength of twenty of a still darker hue gaze keenly views
the Turkish al- alternative to the invasion peace-time
thousand officers. The adverse out on the world. His movements which preceded
of such a
are quick and sprightly. Chakmak liance with Great Britain in 1939. also warmly en- is a powerful, dynamic personality Chakmak
the
creation 0 with experience of war on several couraged
industry He
armaments ines, surface raiders, and are attacking ships far fronts. fought in Tripoli
and in the with British help against Ger-
to secure this! powerful bombers will ali out in the Atlantic. Losses against the Italians
drst Balkan war took part in the many's attempts
battles along be thrown into the strug-from the last-ramed cause nerce
the River business as a monopoly for her- In 1915 he commanded self. Not all von Papen's threat: gle to bring Britain to her have become relatively Vardar.
a brigade at Gallipoli, but came and inducements could deflect the knees, with incessant air serious, but one answer to te into contact with the Ger- Marshal from his purpose.
is and rail-the
The peace strength of Chakmak's raids on ports
the man Commander-in-Chief,
eral Liman von Sanders. Al-Jarmy is thirty divisions, but in men are at his ways, as an adjunct to the equipment of merchant though Liman admired the clever war two million
Army mechanisation! operations at sea. We may, ships with anti-aircraft tactician, the latter could not con- disposal as Mr. Alexander suggest-guns.
Already many big ceal his antipathy for imperialist has made great strides in the last Germany. Later, Chakmak was few years and a substantial pro- des- engaged in heavy fighting against portion of the infantry divisions ed, receive grievous blows bombers have been
the Russians in the Caucasus. artillery regiments and anti-air- in the course of this ruth-troyed by this means. The Towards the end of the war he craft and anti-tank units are now which less warfare; but the Ad- protection of the trade was appointed Minister for War motorised. The artillery,
"the by the last of the Sullans. Furi- includes a number of fortress but- miralty is confident of its routes is indeed
ous at his ruler's policy of sur-teries for defence of the Straits. ability to withstand and greatest of the tasks laid render, Chakmak resigned in 1919 was always comparatively strong. and linked his fortunes with The Nazis fully realise the great counter them. The First upon the Navy," but an Kemal Pasha, who had just then qualities of their potential enemy as a pre-Chakmak, and they respect and Lord disclosed that new Empire which has found landed at Samssoum methods are being devis- the Fleet equal to every liminary to war with Greece. Both fear him. Their leading military men were sentenced by the Sul-organ, "Deutsche Wehr," has re- peatedly praised his measures o ed to fight the U-boats, demand made on it in the tan to death.
After the summer Chakmalt contributed much to-army reform. stronger escorts are being past will have no doubt of wards raising the morale and ef- manoeuvres in Thrace last year provided for convoys, and, its capacity to keep the nciency of his troops. The Anato- which made exceptional demand: Wehr" published severg. in particular, counter-convoys, with their pre-an Turks were always magni- upon the army's efficiency, "Deu-
ficent soldiers and under their tsche de- cious burdens of food and new leaders their dash and elan long articles analysing the per- measures are being veloped to the enemy's munitions, moving consis- developed an irresistible strength, formance of what it called "Chak- In his treatment of men, Chak- mak's splendidly trained and ex- long-range bombers which tently across the oceans.
mak combined Iron discipline with cellently equipped troops."
sea-hawks
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