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DISCORD IN JAPAN GROWS AS
THE CHINA MAIL, APRIL 17, 1941
ARMY DRAGS NATION NEAR
TO
WAR
(This is the second of six uncensored articles appearing in· the "Manila Bulletin" on the Pacific "war of nerves" as seen from within Japan by an American observer).
FOR THE PAST TEN YEARS, Japan has pre- sented a facade of solidarity before the world to hide a bitter and almost continuous internal division.
The cleavage between the "military mind" and the "international mind" is even sharper to-day as the islands stand on the edge of a decision that may mean erasure of the Japanese empire.
when it
Americans it was only a minor concession, but to the Japanese it was a great retrogressive step to demonstrate the islands' sincere desire for friendship.
Although there was considerable optimism in Tokyo after this pro- mise, relations were not improved and the cabinet fell on its inabil- ity 10 solve Diplomats and
knew the liver
American issues. Admiral Nomura would never be
| reopened, even as a gesture The reason Amy officers were mak- ing too much money by running their transports. as monopolistic cargo boats
Army extreme by are not only greedy and ambitious but they free notoriously bigoted Through- is imprnetumble although out Japani's modern history they hieve contently underrated their
ja jote the expressjore of int loyalty and patinodon, which poothly essential
Toivo
ויד
1
mur be
The ill
ly out cee. The di ronal ..
lay Mall end up
+1
the WILDRIV extre
LE
Eye On U.S.
of south ein lekka and the South Ser
The feel's reluctance now is based on a sincere
to
MELLY
The de 10111 That becomin a¿Pa.... tema. the
drag the mat m Vicen
Fo Wit With the Elmtett
Pte 2
War which Small-d!
comervatave element au the
Tands believe woubl a educe
pan to beggary
“. the recordi the Rusn-lapatterse have been lost of
shows that WHAL mught Presdent Roo inter verand
act sevelt had net
army underestimated ༞
The Champ and The Soviet
gard for the American navy's completely masulged
Brief that at Nommenthan, Interdentally, in that prowess, plus the
Rusola would take advantage
of the situation to attack the is lands, which the navy is pledg.
defend.
ed to
Navy discipline is excellent
So
highly important nechame ed units
battle German were tied cust on the Russians'
Now the army
has underesti-
States; both her
for the first time
side.
The entire service conforms when mated the United
the Tokyo staff officers agree on power and, until lately, her will-
But, paradoxical as it may seem,! a policy, regardless of whatever Ingness to fight.
of such a
The dictators of the Shugurate.
the
Man-
upon
Egged on by eur Japan pro-arguments may have been provok-their Nazi friends, the extremists hably would become completely¦ ed previously while plans were are willing to risk war in further- umed for the first time since under discussion, At present, the fance of their own schemes and to
navy seems decided
as-protect their own position. Back - The "emergency period" within stance to the army in consolidating them are likeminded business- 172 French Indo-men; the carpetbaggers who have Japon began 201 1931 when ng positions
money in Manchukuo cautiously made Kwangtung and Korean division China and in moving
enterprises through through monopolistic acainst Great Britain, officers precipitated. chuman meident without troubl-; Thailand and by a constant threat and who are trying to do the same From the prople against Hong Kong. That they in north China,
the easily swayed Want to avoid immediate friction they draw with the United States is under-, superpatriots.
bulk ined by the fart that the of the fleet's striking power is How in Japanese waters, off Kyu- shu island, for manoeuvres."
The army
cun eg frum a ferent strain.
of Ja-
ing to notify Tokyo beforehand This was the "big putsch" by the "younger officers" to give the army political mastery pan through imperialisin
The campaign Puntattued through
clashes *£ti]s!*1↓¢*!1t
China. leading to the outbreak of the Chma affar in July
The 1937
101
Swept On Tide
any rode high during the first most part are educated in Japanion as a member of one of Japan's two years of that war,
Historic Urge
Now, these officers are looking i
a
In opposition is The present dif- | Rovernment, an admitted minority in power by the Its fleers for the Which is held
influence of Prince Konoye's posi-
and Germany, whereas the navy
An fluential in- travels to Britain and the United #reat families.
dustrial group supports the gov States. Almy afficers accept Prussianism as the modern equi-ernment while fighting the army's schemes for planned economy as valent of the vastly overrated
major step toward totalitarian
over
Nanking
Nomonhan Mess
can businessmen who realise that
be would profits
most stable through friendship with China and who aiso realise Japan's economie ties with the United States.
The government itself is being awept along by the constant encroachments of The Nazi- minded military men,
He has opposed the creation of a single party based on the Nazi system, but the drive lately has been renewed. His ministers met defeat in an attempt to absolutely control industry, but now a cam- paign is under way which will accomplish virtually purpose.
the
same
Toward further conquests, despite code of the uld samuraj, or two-control. These are the pro-Ameri- the risks involved in a South Seas | Sword feudal mercenaries.
Discipline in the Japanese army of in disregard Compaign and
Tokyo has confiniting China warfare There's shockingly bad. are a variety of political and comparatively little control
in staff headquarters economie jactors impelling the "southward march.” In addition and Hsinking, which in turn can hold field officers in check only to Japan's historic urge for em- pire.
in proportion to the personal pres- Not the least of these is the fine of the respective commanders army's desire to gloss over
Moreover, in chief.
there is no its: failures in China and to main-unity between the north and south or between those tain its domestic control by divert-China armies, ing public attention toward
units and the crack Kwonglung new field. The navy would be army in Manchukuo, forced to undertake the hazardous southern campaign. The navy also must assume responsibility This situation is exemplified by for defending Japan proper.
a multitude of examples, including Success in new imperialism of course the Manchurian incident, would indirectly benefit the Mure recently was the mess pre-
Foreign Minister Matsuoka him- army. which originated
the cipitated by the Kwangtung army self termed this domestic fight as drive to obtain the raw ma- when it led itself into a disastrous a conflict between imperialists and terials which nature denied our defeat
at Nomonhan i11 1939, the elements which do not want lelands."
and op- Failure is something against Tokyo orders. The "peace conquest, exploitation the "military mind" never con-ul" entry in Indo-China lust year pression." He added, "upon its templates.
cost hundreds of lives because outcome depends the fate of the The situation, of course, has held officers refused at first to Japanese empire." intensified the traditional rivalry, obey the orders of General Nishi- between the army and the navy, hara, Tokyo's negotiator at Hanoi. which has existed since the Re- sdoration, when officers of the two services were drawn from clans. Furthermore, the navy on the whole is more In- telligent, more widely travelled and more alert to the tremen- dous risks involved in any push southward.
ן ווייז'ן
Conservatives see only one solu- tion to this situation -- an outright This alone. army dictatorship. they say, would enable Tokyo to control its men in the field, be- cause then an acknowledged army be forced to government would in.
assume responsibility for mistakes abroad. These mistakes now are attributed not to the army, but to the helpless civilians behind it.
This "dual government" has been a major impediment to Improvement of American- Japanese relations. Army units individual officers act dependently In China, and Tokyo must back them up or "lose face."
or
The laughably impotent foreign office and even the Tokyo war Navy Acts As Brake
ministry are powerless to assure The navy, so far has applied improvement in the China situa- Washington that there will be any
The army, however, has refused until now to be drawn into such a position, Obviously, the domestic battle will include in the future
a partial brake to the vigorous tion. The United States must, an intensified attempt to force
war with the United States
Shrewd
PLE HOLD THE FINAL KEY TO THE SITUATION. THEY ARE
expansionist schemes of the
of course, deal with Tokyo. But, them into the forefront. more radical ariny officers, pri- while platitudes are mouthed dur-politics may accomplish the trick, marily because fleet leaders dreading diplomatic negotiations, Ir-but even the conservatives are not
responsible officers contravene optimistic. In this, the navy has the active them by their actions in the field. EVEN IN JAPAN, THE PEO- support of more conservative army The most flagrant example of officers in Tokyo, a substantial
this occurred early in 1940 when section of powerful industrial America and Japan had made the STIRRING NOW. Agures, and more cautious bur greatest strides toward improved eaucrats, including Premier Prince relations since the outbreak of Fonimaro Konoye, Surprisingly the Sino-Japanese war precipitat- chough, the latter group is often ed in hundreds of "cases" upon supported by the brilliant but
which Washington demanded set- ambitious and unpredictable for tlement. Admiral Kichisaburo
Nomura,
ambassador how
to
U.S. COAL MINES
TO RE-OPEN
Most of the closed soft
cont
an Dr.
the
cign minister Yosuke Matsuoka, This does not mean that all naval afficers advocate restraint, Washington, was foreign minister. The fleet originated the "south- He represented the pro-American ward scheme" many years ago, faction which still believes that mines in the United States will sensing that the South Seus pre- friendship with the United States reopen soon following sented a richer field than Man-is essential for Japan's continued nouncement yesterday that
Con- United Mineworkers, the churin, where the army was in international life, tereited. The 1981 coup turned
As first proof of his good in-gress of Industrial Organisations THE HONG KONG & SHANGHAI HOTELS, LTD. Japan northward and delayed the sea reopening of the Yangize ed an agreement in the disputo tention, Admiral Nomura pro and the coal operators had reach- southern plan until the present, river, as far as Hankow. Tolover wages-Reuter,