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GLADYS GEORGI,

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3

JOSEPH SCHILDKRAUT

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TO-DAY-TO-MORROW - MONDAY* 1939'S “MUTINY ON THE BOUNTY"!

Adventure Storms from the Screen... in M-G-M's Smash- ing Drama of Love and Danger! Cast of Thousands!

-Romance packs 1,000' thrills, In this blazing story of MEN women could lov who built a new America with glory and guns?

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STAND UP AND FIGHT

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THE CHINA MAIL, SEPTEMBER 9, 1939.

PIONEER CALCULATING

MACHINE SHOWN IN LONDON MUSEUM

London.

Among the mathematical instru- ments in the Science Museum, London, stand parts of the "calculating engines" over which Charles Babbage, Fellow of the Royal Society, spent £17,000 of. Government money, £6,000 of his own, and 37 years of his working

career..

Most visitors glance at these 100. year-old relles with complete indiffer- ence, A few pause for a moment to puzzle over the tangle of wheels with the numbers 0 to 0 repeated endlessly; then pass on to marvel at the modern calculating machines which add, sub- tract, multiply, and divide and classify almost automatically. Yet Babbage's "engine" was in many ways greater than these. It was designed, not to do simple arithmetic in a hurry, but to solve by machinery the most complex arithmetical problems.

SIGNALING BY "80LAR LIGHTS" Before turning to a still more re- markable achievement, mention, may he made of one of Babbage's inven-. tions which is still in active service in many parts of the world. He devised. a method of signaling by "occulting solar lights" which was used by the Russians at the siege of Sebastopol and may be regarded as the forerunner of the heliograph and the Morse code. It was adopted On his suggestion as a means of identifying lighthouses, so that every occulting light seen on voyages is a monument of the memory

of Babbage.

a

It had

His brightest laurel was of a very different kind. The science of indus- trial management is regarded as comparatively modern development, and few of those who write about it today are aware that Babbage laid the foundations, more than 100 years ago. In 1832, Babbage published, a Babbage, who taught himself algebra treatise on "The Economy of Ma- when a child and who went to Cam-chinery and Manufactures." bridge knowing more about higher mathematics than his University tutors, of 3,000 copies each were called for a remarkable reception. Three editions brought it to the verge of success and within a year; it was translated into like so many other inventors-need-four foreign languages and extensive- ed just a little more time and a little ly reprinted in the United States. Yet more money to achieve a complete tri- not for the best part of a century did umph. But the patience and genero- it find a successor and to-day it is sity of the Chanceller of the Exchequer virtually forgotten. had long been exhausted; his own pocket was empty; so he had to give up, leaving other inventors to reap where he had so laboriously, sown.

DID NOT REST ÓN LAURELS_ His work in this field alone would entitle him to the tribute of grateful remembrance. It is by it alone, in fact, that his name is usually honoured, when it happens to be recalled. The world, however, owes several debts of much higher and more lasting value to this versatile and restless genius. Bab bage was a natural scientific reformer, and with his energy, his enthusiasm, his lively discontent with things as they were, initiated more than one great movement for the progress of knowledge.

As a young man he wrote a trea- tise on The Decline of Science in Eng- land vigorously criticizing the short- comings of the Royal Society. This attack led to the formation of the Bri- tish Association for the Advancement of Science - a body which has done magnificent work in making natural science known to the people and which recently opened up a new line of social service by building up scientific and cultural relations with the United States and other countries in order to foster international understanding and the cause of world peace.

Again, Babbage helped to found the Royal Astrommical Society and had much to do in the starting of the Royal Statistical Society.

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Babbage, discussed such questions as the best location for factories, the value of production on a large scale, the necessity of accurate costing, the advantages of standardization, the most satisfactory methods of paying workers, the effects of combination among workers, the benefits of 'co- operation between associations of workers and employers, and other is- gues familiar to the student of indus- trial management to-day. His ob- servations on methods of payment were particularly far ahead of the times. He made an eloquent appeal for some kind of profit-sharing, men- tioning with approval. the peculiar system by which the Cornish miners were paid according to the richness of the ore.

GERMANS FROM TIROL

Roman

The Holy See wishes the Catholic clergy in the Italian. Tirol, from which Germans who wish to preserve their nationality are being expelled to Germany, to follow their frocks to Germany.

The German Government is opposed to the entry of the clergy into Ger- many, alleging that they are hostile to the Nazi regime.

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