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Hong Kong, Thursday, Feb. 9, 1939.

ONE UP FOR THE DEMOCRACIES

It is eloquent commentary upon the absence of confidence in the present Government that Mr. Chamberlain's clearcut assurance of British co-operation with France should still be regarded by what Mr. Wickham Steed would call the informed minority' as evidence of an imminent general election rather than of Mr. Cham- berlain's readiness to call a halt to the game of international blackmail. Not in generations has a British Prime Minister been so distrusted. Suspicion goes, in fact, to lengths which are lit- tle short of absurd, and this ob servation would seem to apply on this occasion.

|

assur-

comparisons with the strength of the undertaking given by Hit- ler to Mussolini'an attitude which, intended for internal con- sumption, enternally bears all the impress of unreality in view of the terms of Hitler's ance. Nazi leaders take ́a more realistic view. The closeness of Anglo-French ties has long been understood in Germany, and Mr. Chamberlain has not, therefore, succeeded in creating a new situa- tion. But, says the German spokesman, it would be regret- table if Mr. Chamberlain's words were to be regarded as an en- couragement to France in her at- titude towards Italy.

The implication is obvious. At the same time, there can be no mistaking the fact that Mr. Chamberlain's declaration, made under the special circumstances, has made a profound impression both in Rome and in Berlin. That being so, the totalitarian charge that it contributes nothing to the policy of appeasement may be answered by hailing it as a very definite inducement to keeping the peace.

The Inscrutable Atom

When Lippershey invented the telescope, combining two lenses, one convex and the other concave, he made possible the extended vision of mankind beyond the Milky Way, where our sun is 2 tiny star, to things 500,000,000 light-years away. Similarly, Leeu- wenhoek and his primitive micro- scopes penetrating the world of the infinitesimal, opened the way for the electron-microscope, 1000 times more powerful than best compound microscope. can reach as far into an infinites- imally mitey universe as modern telescopes can penetrate the void of space between super-galaxies.

use

the

It

3

V. K. Zworykin, in his showing at Richmond of this new device, disclosed how physicists beam of electrons produced in a cathode ray tube instead of light. The electrons are reflected from the object to be studied and pass through a powerful magnetic field which bends the beam in somewhat the same way a lens bends light. The electron beam, however, is invisible and must be changed by focusing on a flat glass plate coated with fluores- cent chemicals. These transform the ultra-short wavelengths of light into longer, visible ones.

Of this, at least, there can be no doubt: never in British his- tory has a more categorical state- ment of automatic support in the event of a threat to her vital in- terests been given to France. Nor

Various models of the electron- can its effect on Italy be mis- taken. The announcement com- microscope have been made in pels Mussolini to a decision; Europe and America following - whether he is prepared to discuss, the discovery in pure physics through diplomatic channels, his twelve years ago by Dr. C. J. claims against France, such as Davisson and. Dr. L. H. Germer they are: or whether he will in- that electrons have a dual per- dulge in the more risky business senality, possessing the charac of applying threats. Particular-teristics of both waves and parti- ly when well aware that Germany cles. Proof of the wave quality has no more desire to become in- gave researchers needed impetus volved in a war on Italy's account to go ahead with further work on than Italy was to rush to arms the microscope. during the September crisis. The

Does this mean atoms will be whole-principle of international · blackmail as practised is that re-rendered visible? Probably this sults shall be achieved without goal will never be reached, for actual resort to military action: while magnifications now make once that principle is breached, it possible for men to study the whole edifice must fall to the things as small as a wavelength of visible light, efforts to go be- ground.

low this limit are likely to fail. Objects can be studied only by the waves of energy which they reflect. There is much work yet to be done, but some day electron- optics may do as much for the telescopes as it has for micron-

Both German and Italian.com ment on the Chamberlain declara. tion carry more interest than An- glo-French views. The attitude adopted by Italy seeks to mini- mise the importance of the guar- antee and to make unfavourable

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