10
P.&O.-British India Apcar and
Eastern & Australian Lines
(COMPANIES incorporated in ENGLAND). MAIL AND PASSENGER STEAMERS.
TAKING CARGO FOR
STRAITS, JAVA, BURMA, CEYLON, INDIA, PERSIAN GULF, WEST INDIES, MAURITIUS, EAST AND SOUTH AFRICA, AUSTRALASIA, INCLUDING NEW ZEALAND AND QUEENSLAND PORTS, AND RED SEA, EGYPT, CONSTANTINOPLE, GREECE, LEVANTINE PORTS, EUROPE, &c.
"
PENINSULAR & ORIENTAL FORTNIGHTLY DIRECT ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS. (Under Contract with H.M. Government.)
8.3.
Tons
From Hong Kong About
*1PERIM
1931.
Destination.
25th July Marseilles, Havre, London, Hamburg,
Rotterdam & Antwerp. M'sciller, L'don, R'dam & A'werp Straits, Colombo & Bombay.. Marseilles, Gibraltar, Havre, London,
7,700
*KЛYBER
9,000
1st Aug.
*KIDDERPORE 5,300
5th Aug
*ISOMALI. ❘ 0,800
8th Aug.
RAJPUTANA.. 17,000 **PADUA
6,000
16th Aug 22nd Aug.
†KARMALA
3,000
20th Aug.
*ALIPORE
5,300
2nd Sept.
CATHAY
*SOUDAN
**KALYAN
15,000 12th Sept.
6,800
9,000
19th Sept
26th Sept.
Hamburg, Rotterdam & Antwerp. Bombay, Marseilles & London." Marseilles, Havre, London, Hamburg,
Rotterdam &
& Antwerp, Marseilles, London. Rotterdam, Ant
werp & Hull. Straits, Colombo & Bombay. Bombay, Marseilles & Londori. Marseilles, Hayre, London, Hambarg,
Rotterdam & Antwerp. Marseilles, London, Rotterdam,
werp & Hull,
Carge only, Calls Casablanca. Calls Djibouti.
Calls Karachi & Port Swettenham,
THE CHINA MAIL.`
EMPIRE AND THE NAVY
though on more than one occasion during the reign of the Stuarts and the Civil Wars, the colonies were on the verge of ruin, the command of the sea having been lost."
British Market.
י
The growth of the colonies gave amarket to British manufactured goods, which they tried to keep to themselves by a series of naviga. tion acis, irritating to the colonists and resented by other nations, rivals in the field of colonini enter- prise.
(Continued from Page 9.)
she was the sea power without a second.".
Yollows:
"I do not know whether the neighbourhood of the French .to our American colonies was not the greater security for their depondence on the Mother Country."
It was the widespread opinion After 25 years uninterrupted peace, during which period the both in Great Britain and in France. Colonies måde steady and successful that the loss of the American progress industrially and commer-colonies bore a direct relation, to claily, war broke out, firat between the acquisition of Canada. Britain and Spain, later France directed against the Dutch, which The Navigation Acts, primarily joined In.
The British found the opposition forbade "any trade except through severe but were, however, success- British Ports," had been much re- ful' in North America.
Strong Fort Built. After the loss of Acadia the The Dutch were at this time our French built at great expense the most powerful competitors, but the strong fort of Louisberg on Cape sen fights in the Channel, if not al Breton Island, commanding the en ways resulting in defeat, had weak-trance to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, ened her so materially, that sho In 1745 a British squadron Basist- ceased to be a Naval Power of any ed by one hundred ships and 4,000 importance and was glad to use for colonists, attacked and captured it. peace, giving up all her claims in Twice in the next two years the North America,
French sent Fleets and transports to recapture it, but without success as they were intercepted and never reached America.
France took Holland's place and for over one hundred years was our bitterest enemy and rival in colonial expansion.
When Louis XIV. became actual ruler of France in 1661, he found
nation prepared to assist him in his ambitious designs. He had extra- vagant ideas of world dominion.
Canada had already been claimed for-France-In-1608 Champlain innded and built a fort at Quebec. In 1636 Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence, finally reaching a rowing the Lachine Rapids in boat, ascended to Mount Royal (Montreal), returning to Quebec claiming as a French possession all land north of the St. Lawrence under the name of New France and Acadia.
when Louisberg
sented by the colonists for many years, especially as the northern colonies had built ships capable of ocean voyaging as well as smaller Vessels ecaworthy enough to carry on trade with S. America and the West Indies. During the war these Acts had not been enforced, but after peace was declared, steps were
in order to make the taken to stop illicit trading and im- pose taxes coloniats pay their share of the Wars waged largely for their pro-
tection.
The colonists, having no ties of The British Naval victories, that either love or fear, refused to com
Finisterre, and ply and when pressure was brought of Arison off Hawke's. off Belle Isle, both in 1747, to bear revolted, after presenting! destroyed the French Navy and memorials to Parliament and forced the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, petition to the King.
The conflict on the main land was was given tack. The French want of an adequate in favour of the British at first, navy was much in evidence and but owing to the ablence in Ameri- once again the security of our over-can-waters of any fleet; money, seas possessions was won by sea, ammunitions, supplies and arme were smuggled in to the aid of the power.
insurgents by France, Spain and the nations of Holland. All
defeated Europe which had been by her were anxious to ece Great! Britain humbled.
The culminating and final phase in the fight for America began in 1766 with the Seven Years War, the issue being wholly between Britain and France.
Fortunately for Britain there was a man at the head of affairs, William Pitt, who as Gratton said New Territory Explored." The fish and furs attracted of him, "In the conduct of affairs colonists, but there were only a he saw the British Empire as a few thousand settlers when Louis whole and reftised to allow Britain XIV. came to the throne. Under to be lost in the intricacies of con- kis vigorous encouragement machtinental politics." new territory was explored and claimed.
The Mississippi was navigated an far as the mouth, and all territory Ant-west of a line approximately mark ed by the 80 parallel designated French territory and occupied by a chain of detached posts.
Frequent connection from Port Said for Passengers and Cargo to Con- stuntinople, Pireaux, Smyrna and other Levant Ports by steamers of the, Khedival Mail Steamship Co.
BRITISH INDIA-APCAR SAILINGS.
*SIRDHANA
TILAWA
SANTHIA
1031.
8,000 27th July 10,000 8th Aug. -8,000 23rd Aug.
• Calla Port Swettenham.
Singapore, Penang & Calcutta. Singapore, Penang & Calcutta.
Singapore, Penang & Calcutta.
The French settlers could not, however, be said to possess the ter- ritory in the solid fashion of the British occupation along the Atlantic sea board,. but the scheme certainly had the effect of encir- cling the British settlementé and preventing expansion inland.
While the conflots between the colonists were incaasant and unde cisive, the main issues were fought out elsewhere by the rival fleets.
France was badly beaten at the battle of La Hogue in 1692 and the
were unable to defeat the British fleet off Malaga and were unsuccess- ful in their attempts to captare
King Louis' commitments on the continent of Europe prevented his replacing his losses to the fleet and in consequence, France was unable Madila, Rabaul, Brisbane, Sydney to maintain a navy strong enough
A Molbourne.
to protect her colonial possessions. The naval position of Britain was indeed a' commanding one:
B.I. Apcar Line steamers have excellent accommodation for 1st combined French and Spanish fleets and 2nd class passengers.
EASTERN & AUSTRALIAN SAILINGS (South). Gibraltar.
1931
VELLORE TANDA NANKIN
7,000 1st Aug. 7,000 2nd Sept. 7,000 2nd
Oct
Regular monthly sailings from Hong Kong to Shanghai and Japan and Hong Kong to Australia.
Hong Kong to Sydney-19 days.
Frequent connections from Australia with the following,
The Union S.S. Company's steamers to the United Kingdom via New
Zealand, Vancouver, San Francisco, etc.,
The P. O. Royal Mail Steamers to London and
The P. & O. Branch Service of steamers to London via Snez.
The New Zealand. Shipping Company's steamers for Southampton and London via Panama Canal.
+
SAILINGS TO SHANGHAI & JAPAN. Cheap Summer Trips to Japan, June to Sept.
1931.
July
8,000 81st July Amoy, Moll, Kobe, Y'hama & Osaka. 9,000 81st
Shanghai, Moji, Kobe & Yokohama. Aug. Shal, Moji, Kobe, Osaka & Y'hama. Shanghal, Kobe & Yokohama. Aug. Shanghai, Kobe & Yokohama.
7,000 7th 6,800 8th Aug
SANTHIA KARMALA TANDA
*SOUDAN
CATHAY
15,000
ITALMA
10,000
*NANKIN
Cargo only,
14th
Aug. Amoy, Moll, Kobe & Osaka. 14th 7,000 27th Aug. Shanghai, Kobe & Yokohama.
Calling Wel-bal-wel, Tsingtau & Shanghal on return from Japan.
All dates are opprozimate and subject to alteration without naties, Passengers for Rangoon must deffay their own Hotel expenses at Singapore while awaiting the on-carrying steamer.
All Cabina are fitted with Electric Fans: on Punka Louvre Bystem free of charge.
**Steamers on London and Australian Lines are fitted with Laundries. Parcela measuring not more than 5 cu. ft will be received at the Com- pany's Odies up to Noon on the day previous to sailing,
.:
Two
Naval Force Delayed. The surrender · of Burgoyne at Saratoga was due mainly to lack of the relieving force supplies, as under Clinton was unable to sail up the Hudson quick enough to come to: his assistance and effect: a junction as was originally arranged. French Active.
forts on the banks of the river de- France had become feverishly layed the weak naval force he had
Louisberg had at his disposal, although they wer active in Canada.
A eventually reduced and the fleet been made stronger than ever.
had formed revolt had been stirred up among that the Americans
But it was too late. the inhabitants of Acadia, who destroyed.
After, this disaster France, Spain were of French extraction, and chain of forts was built in Ohio. and Holland joined the insurgents; Russia, Denmark and The trouble in Acadia was solved Prussia, by deporting those who refused to Sweden entered into an agreement take the oath of allegiance, to the of "Armed Neutrality." number of 6,000, to colonies fur- longer a case of chastising an in- ther south out of range of military ruly colony, it was a world war. operations.
#
It was no
The French fleet under de Grasse, The attacks of the colonies on having evaded the British Beet to the the chain of forts was not success under Kempenfeld; came ful, but in 1767 a strong British assistance of the Americans who
besleging Cornwallis. fleet under Admiral Boscawen and were
in
a efrong landing party under Gen-Yorktown at the mouth of the eral Amherst captured Louisberg, James River and caused his eur! which was demolished, as we had render,
American Independence was now the harbour of Halifax and didn't
achieved. require it.
Greatest Naval Battle, *In 1758 an expedition under Gen-
Naval supremacy remained a eraly Wolfe assisted by a strong feet under Admiral Saunders cap-trifle longer with Britain's enemies tured. Quebec. The fall of Quebec and it looked as though our great and the subsequent seizing of colonial Empire would disappear met do Montreal, the last French strong- until Admiral Rodney
the islands of hold in Canada, decided the fate of Grasse between.
Guadaloupe and Martinique as the New France.
French were on the way to join a Spanish feet at Hispanolia, and in the greatest naval battle of the time! decisively defeated him."
Claims Renounced.
At the peace of Paris, 1763, the culmination of a victorious war, marked by the overwhelming de In 1718 at the peace of Utrecht, feats of the French navy by The naval supremacy, lost long France seceded Acidla, later known Boscawen off Lagos, by Hawke at enough to enable the Americans to as Nova Scotia, acknowledged Bri- Quibron and Rodney's bombard-effect their independence, was now
of Науге, tish supremacy over the Iroquois, ment
France gave regained and has been retained to and recognised Hudson Bay as Bri- up all claims to any territory the benefit of colonial expansion
in North America except Now until recently.. Orleans.
tigh territory. She also gave up Newfoundland, retaining fishing rights and the privilege of curing fish on the shores of the island.
Admiral Malon summarises the position in the following words:-
"Before that war (the war of the Spanish succession) Britain was one of the sea powers; after that
With the close of the war the feet was allowed to sink below the strength necessary to maintain law and order and resulting in the loss of our American colonies.
The Duke of Bedford in 1761 wrote to the Duke of Newcastle as
The loss .of the American Colonies shifted British Imperial interests to the Far East and not improbably led to the opening of new territories such as Australia and New Zealand and increased the Influence of British Ideals in world affairs.
THE HONGKONG & WHAMPOA DOCK CO., LTD.,
HEAD OFFICE AND WORKS:
Telegrams:
"MANIFESTO, HONG KONG, KOWLOON, HONG KONG HONG KONG OFFICE 20026.
ARA KOWLOON DOCK 5805% DOCK OWNERS, SHIP DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS, MARINE AND LAND ENGINEERS BOILER MAKERS, IRON, STEEL, AND BRASS FOUNDERS FORGE MASTERS. WELDERS AND ELECTRICIANS.
Lloyds
List of
Cart
:: Stoel
Agents,
· Manufacs
For further information, Passage, Freight, Handbooks, etc., apply to: MACKINNON MACKENZIE & CO., P&O. Building, Connaught Rd. C., Hong Kong.
THE KWONG HIP LUNG CO. LTD.
EMPRESS OF
AN
26,000 tons
Harbour
Call
Flags
Boller
maker
TUESDAY, JULY 21, 1931.
THE PRESIDENT HOOVER NEW FLAG SHIP
of the President Liner fleet is the largest electric passenger liner ever built in the world. She brings to the fortnightly direct to New York vio California Passenger Ser vice the acme of maritime
luxury and accommo dations. Reservations now being made.
THE PRESIDENT COOLIDGE. NEW SISTER SHIP
soon to follow in service. These two beautiful new American liners are 653 fast long, 01 faol in beam, displacement tonnage of 33,800, and 23,000 tons gross. Six decka cire devoted to guerr accommodations, Public Rooms, promenades & recreational areas.
DOLLAR
STEAMSHIP LINES Fortnightly Round the World
SASBER
YUELCO
EXPRESS
PANAMA
SERVICE
BARBER WILHELMSEN
LINE
THE PREMIER ALL WATER ROUTE TO NEW YORK and other U.S. Atlantic Ports via Panama, All vessels call at SAN FRANCISCO and LOS ANGELES en route.
Passengers desiring to travel by this interesting route will find the accommodation provided well rn to their expectations, and at a cost most reasonable.
42 Days To New York.
For Passenger and Freight information please apply:-
DODWELL & CO., LTD.
Queen's Buildings, Telephone 28021,
Agents.
MAN LOONG. PRESERVED GINGER MANUFACTURERS.
NEW SEASON PRESERVED GINGER Best quality-Prompt attention to Exportem. Office:-2, Dundas Street, Kowloon Tel 57088, Factory:-2 Godown, Praya, Dundas Street, Mongkok.
WATER LEVELS.
Details for West, North and East Rivers.
The following table, fasued by the Kwangtung River Conservancy
CONSIGNEES NOTICE.
!
THE BEN LINE STEAMERS, LIMITED
From LEITH, MIDDLESBRO', ANTWERP, LONDON, STRAITS AND MANILA...
The SteamENARTY" Commission, shows in feet the
Consignees of cargo are hereby in- water levels on the West River,red that all goods are being land- North River and East River OR
the dates naniedbad at their risk into the hazardous and/or extra hazardous Godowns of **July July | The Hong Kong & Kowloon Wharf and
17 18 Godown Co., Ltd, whence and/or from: West River at Shluhing Page 82.5 the wharves delivery may be obtained. North River at. Samshul
No claims will be admitted after the North River at Taingyuen 18.9 20.4 Goods have left the Godowns, and all East River at Shaklung : 7.93 74 Goods remaining undelivered after the The level at Tsingyuen on the 27th ins will be subject to rent 16th inst. was 14.8 feet. All claims against the steamer must The highest levels recorded be presented to the Underalgood, on er before the 10th August, or they are: Shiühing, 41 feet; - Talog will not be recognised, wurde kings giten, 29.2 feet; Samshul, 27.8 All broken, chated, and damaged
feet; Sheklung, 115 feet. De Goods are to be left in the Godowns,
The lowest levels on record are minus 6 feet at Samshul and minus 2.7 feet at Sheklung,
THREE MUSKETEERS.
Engaged
where they will be asmined on the 25th lust, at 10a.m., by| Mostra. Goddard & Douglas
No Fire Insurance (has been effect. Bills of Lading will be counterslgr GLOB, LIVINGSTON & CO, LTD. Agenta Hong Kon
ong, 20th July, 1981.
famous novel;
Though,
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