THURSDAY, MARCH 12, 1931.
THE GENERATOR.
breaking this circuit the battery would discharge, itself through the
Description and Likely generator windings whenever the
Faults.
Before an audience of 154 people, Mr. Mason (technical adviser of the Royal Automobile Club) Porth, W.A., lectured on the "Generator," Following is resume of his
address.
"We have learned at previous le
generator
THE CHINA MAIL.
FUELLING CARS.
Fremantle Man's Invention.
B not producing a higher voltage. A cut outis em- played for this purpose. It con- sists of a core (on which two wind- For ings are wound) and two contact points, one of which is stationary, und' the other attached to an arm. This arm is pivoted at one end and a spring so connected as to hold the contract points open under normal
a number of years efforts have been mado to run car and similar engines on kerosene, and though a degree auccess has been achieved, there have always been serious drawbacks. The greatest of these have been excessive carbon
tures that if a wire is made to cut circumstances. The wire which deposit, overheating, pre-ignition,
conducts the current from the gen- valve burning, smoke and fumes, erator is connected to one end of excessive wear, and spark-plug both windings, and the other end of trouble.
Also, the idling speed had
sharply across a magnetic field of force there will be induced into that wire a current of electricity. Tho direction of flow of that current be- the winding which is of a higher to be high, and the methods used ing decided by whether the wire resistance, is earthed. When the meant complicated and expensive cut upward or downward through generator is caused to revolve cur-Atting. Mr. Albert Baudains, of the feld. If We take It rent flows through this circuit, and Fremantle, who ig connected generator frame
(round pat-when the voltage in the circuit is with 1 large transport com- tern) with Iwo pole pieces, greater than the battery voltage, pany.
claima to have invent-
It will be noted that the field the cut-out core becomes sufficiently ed an apparatus by which any of force is concentrated in the area magnetised to attract the cut-out internal combustion engine may be between the two pole pieces. Infarm, so closing the points. By the efficiently run on kerosene and the actual generator, permanent closing of the points another circuit | similar fuels, without the de- magnets are not employed to provide is provided, and us this circuit has ficiencies mentioned. The Instru our pole pieces, but once the iron a much lower resistance than our ments and system are very simple. pole pieces have been magnetised is circuit, the majority of the The dashboard fittings are attrac- they will return suflicient magnet-[current from the generator will flow tive and a tyro can soon learn their ism to maintain at all times a weak through it, so charging the battery, manipulation and obtain astonish magetic field. If we place a loop This second circuit can be followed ing results. The following points of wire in that magnetle fleld and through the heavy winding, through about the invention were supplied cause it to revolve for half a re-the
arm, through the points, by Mr. Baudains:-- volution, the result will be that a through the ammeter and battery,
"It is well known that the heat current of electricity will exist in and back via the frame of the car that circuit, flowing into the wire to the generator.
generated by an engine is mostly cutting upward, and out of the wire "Now let us imagine that the en-wasted, but this apparatus not only cutting downward. Let us completo gine is stopped and of course the controls, but converts the surplus the revolution of the loop of wire generator ceases to generate. If heat into power. This is and it will be seen thut, moving the points remained closed, the bat- plished by the apparatus feeding downward reaches that part of ita tery would discharge itself through water vapour in conjunction with revolution in which it is passing the the generator, in fact, it does do so, fuel and air to the engine indepen- North pole and cutting upward, the but only for a moment. During dent of the carburetter. direction of the flow of current will that moment, the direction of flow amount of water, air and fuel so he reversed, so producing an alter of the current is from the battery admitted is governed by the driver, nating current.
instead of to the battery, and the who quickly learns the most suitable "The function of the generator is reversal of the flow of current adjustments for the various condi- to supply the battery with current momentarily neutralises the core of tions encountered. When travell- to make up for the loss occasioned the culbut, sa permitting the points by the use of the various electrical of the cut-out to be opened by the contrivances on our car, and as al-spring and the circuit is broken. ternating current is useless for charging battery. a means must be devised to enuse the generator to produce direct current (that la,
Fruits.
accom-
The
ing at high speeds, or down hill with throttle closed, an engine is vory extravagant, but, with the ap- paratus in use, continuous high speed may be maintained on a small "It was emphasised at our lecture consumption of fuel without risk Your Car that the good driver will which dealt with the Battery off of overheating or backfiring. current flowing continuously in one
"Economising by giving glance at his ammeter every few engine more air than it requires is direction). To this end, a large number of loops of wire are takenmiles. Should he do so and find very often done and the same effect round an armature, each end of a that the needle is not deflected to can be obtained by controlling. the loop being soldered to a piece of the 'charge' side when the engine is fuel supply, which is simple. This piece of copper is running and the lights are off, he with the Baydains instrument the
copper.
an
Is immediately aware that his called a segment and a number of
gas displaced is replaced by a damp, is not! generator
charging segments (insulated from each
powerful vapour which eliminates and knowing that રી other) go to form the commutator
genera- the disadvantages of running on a Lor which does not generate
leun mixture of fuel, whether kero- degenerates, he will
sene or high-grade petrol. On a re- for the fault.
of an armature. We will now reat!
a stationary carbon brush on either rapidly
side of our commutator
require.
and look atop
cent run from Fremantle to Bun- The diagnosing of automobile trou-bury and return, a six cylinder 22
understands the
one
that?" and having arrived at the Was added to the radiator.
was not a pre-arranged teat and
After a ride in the new Buick Eight —— you'll understand why so many thousands of owners
6-11
have bought Buicks with utmost confidence. for twenty-five years!
In addition to Buick's stylish appearance and the luxurious comfort the new Buicks develop better than 80 miles an hour faster acceleration. — and that economy in fuel, oil and maintenance which has always been characteristice of Buick.
Why not let us take you for a free demonstration ride to-day?
ENGINES ON TEST.
Developed.
and con- nock the two carbon brushes
bles requires thought and reason hp. Cleveland car with seven pas- Still Higher Compression through a circuit. As the arma-
If a person ing. ture revolves, the flow of current in.
construction of the and 30 m.p.g.
sengers on board averaged 36 m.p.h. the loops, the segments of which principle and
Kerosene was used are in contact with the brushes, various parts of a car and will pass through the brush circuit of the hundreds of possible faults for the whole journey, and five gal-
long of water were consumed This information comes from a so providing the direct current we out, ask himself what would cause
develop, he should simply reason it through the instrument. No water famous American authority.
This A certain large manufacturer Third Brush Regulation.
who has been prominent in the "Let us imagine, that we have conclusion, look for the fault. With 3.050 miles had been previously run development of the high-compres- before us a generator with a "third faults can be put under the follow-done to the engine, not even the a number of engines having more our generator circuit the likely on kerosene without anything being sion type of engine, has turned out brush regulation." Taking first the generator, we see that the two ng headings:-(1) Broken or faul cleaning of a spark plug, which is than the normal compression. wires whose connection to the com- field circuit; (2) broken or faul- evidence of good combustion. A They will have compression of mutator segment is shown, form main circuit, which is made up 5-ton high-speed commercial vehicle 120 pounds per square inch abso- part of the main circuit, and as thef (a) generator armature and has just completed a 6,000-miles lute. This is, of course, far beyond
brushes, (b) cut-out, (e) battery test with the apparatus. Armature is made to revolve the
the 85 or 90-pound compression en- current induced in that loop of and its terminals, (d) wires which used was kerosene which gave 12 gine that we are prone to call the
connect the sections. Should the wire will flow-through the upper main brush-through the dicating a heavy discharge of cur-
fault manifest by the ammeter in-... This vehicle before test was high-compression type to-day.
getting 9 m.pg, on petrol. eut-out to the battery, SO
"An ingenious part of the system charging the battery
rant, at once disconnect one battery is a carburetter drainer operated and returning via the frame of the car
The fuel tap is to the lower main brush. Slightly
to the left of the top main brush
lead and then look for the fault. from the dash.
The fuel
These engines have been turned over to what is probably the moat Important producer of anti-krock various fuels in different parts of compounds in U.S.A. for test with
The cut-out is usually the most turned to off position, a button cessible part of the generator pulled out, and the carburetter is the country. is another brusk, and if we trace to examine this piece of mechanism tank is automatically drained by have ridden in one of the cars, is system, and it is therefore advisable drained into a small tank. This Ons engineer, who professes to the connections which emanato from that brush we see that wind-curring look if the points are stick- first. If a heavy discharge is oc-
vacuum. This operation is neces quoted as saying that the per- ings are taken round the pole pieces
sary when the engine has been formance is beyond anything that 1 und the circuit is completed via the ing together, possibly the spring is allowed to cool with kerosene in the he has ever experienced, regardless
broken. In conclusion, should you carburetter. earthing brush. This circult Is enlled the "field circuit, because it
that your ter has been drained, the patrol a Naturally it would be, as the governs the strength of the mag-generator is not charging, and you turned on, a button pushed in, and efficiency of the engine goes up netic field of force between the pole are not able to find the fault, re the engine is ready to start in the tremendously with the compression, pieces.
It does so, in the following move the brushes from their hold- usual way. The drainer also ser provided, of course, it is possible to
era, so preventing any further ves as a damage. Then take the generator making
very efficient air brake, find a fuel that can be burned in it possible to run the motor without detonating and
manner.
occasión find on any
After the carburet- of the type of engine,
"All the loops of wire which go to a good electrician at your first down hill with the engine in gear, causing the all too familiar knock. to form the armature winding are
interconnected, and, as the armature opportunity."
ROLLING ON CORNERS.
ignition switched off and throttle This engine cannot be operated at revolves, Bome current flows
used £18 nir-brake control. all on the plain undoped fuel It through the main circult, and some
Running this way an engine con- would either stop after a few ex- through the field circuit. That
sumes no fuel, and there is no loslone, or it would hammer itself portion which flows through the
danger of blowing the mufler toto pieces. field circuit causes the pole pieces to
pleces, as nothing but cold air is On the other hand, it is claimed become stronger or weaker magnets One of the most uncomfortable going through the engine.
that it can be operated at least with according to the amount of current sensations the driver can experience "An advantage of the installation some of the doped fuel, now avail- flowing, As the amount of current is to feel his car heeling over, or is that it in no way affects the able at the majority of gas stations. in the field circuit Increases, and the rolling on corners. This can bo existing engine layout, and the This leads to the copclusion that magnets are made stronger, the caused by tyres that are too soft-three appliances can be supplied and strength of the field of fores be-a trouble which is soon remedied-used separately or in conjunction." comes greater, and it must follow but neglect of the rear shackle that as the field strength increases, plates will also eventually result in the amount of current induced into the condition becoming evident. both the main circuit and the Beld Side-play in the shackles develops, circuit must also increase. Now, in course of time, and this will allow if this were permitted to continue the frame and body of the car to indefinitely, our generator would swing from side to side. The Should it become necessary produce sufficient current to molt cure, of course, is to tighten up the pull another car out of a ditch there alons, and it is also stated that they the solder on the armature seg shackle plates or instal new ones if are several points to bear in mind must be equipped with a carbon- ments and burn away the Insulation the wear in excessive. It should if the process la to be accomplished removing system that feeds, carton
BOGS AND DITCHES.
to
it will not be long before certain makers put out these super-com- pression cars at least as optional.
They will be high-strung Jobs, capable of very high speed and quick get-away. The chances are the motors will be rougher than the ordfaary motor, because of the greater intensity of their exple-
of the windings, so a means is pro- be always borne in mind that the with a minimum of effort and remover into the cylinder at fre vided to govern the amount of cur springs must be directly under- strain on
the cars themselves,quent intervals.
rent passed through the field wind- neath the frame members, but oc- Since most drivers get off the road dinga. The third brush (or field, caslonally the wear is uneven, and in a reverse position, slipping into A TUBE REPAIR HINT. brush) is movable and as the it may be necessary to have special the ditch is possible to pull a car amount of current which passes shackle plates made of such chape out In the forward direction. The through the field circuit Increases that the springs will be brought car doing the towing, however, ing puncture repairs with cemented A most important point in mak- as the third brush is brought near-into correct position in relation to should move in a rearward direc natches is to use plenty of pre- er the main brush, and decresses as the chassis when the plates have tion so as to drive in reverse and sure on the patch while the cement, it is moved away from the main been tightened. For instance, If thus develop more pulling power, is setting. Ashort plece of board brush, it is not difficult to under the right-hand side of one spring-This simplifies the business of at Carried in the tool kit will permift the -stand that the position of the eye is worn more than the right taching the towline since the cars use of the fact to clamp the tube third brush decides the generator hand side of the eye in the frame, it fme each other. It is just a mat and patch against the under side of output, and
will be necessary to have a shackle tar of attring the ends of the line, the ranning board. If the car is
The Cut Out -------- plats made with projection form chain or rope to the front axles. It atted with running boards made of "As circuit exists from the ed at its bottom end to take the is best to attach the lins to an axle corrugated metal, it will, of course, generator to the battery, it must plece of the metal worn from the at a point near one of the springs be necessary to use two boards, be that circuit cexists from the spring. It is sometimes possible since thesims probably will slide placing the second board between battery through the generator, and to use washers Instead of having over of its own accord if an Attempt the underside of the running board
a-means were, ha), provided of poplates formed
3 made to attach it at the centre. and the tube surface.
114" Wheelbase Buick Models 118" Wheelbase Buick Models 124" Wheelbase Buick Models 132" Wheelbase Buick Models
11
G$1,530 to $1,665 G$1,820 to G$1,980 G$2,160 to G$2,193 G$2,160 to G$2,705
Buick
The
BUICK 8
GThe Eights with Buick's Prestige
THE DRAGON MOTOR CAR CO., LTD.
Telephone 30228.
33, WONG NEI CHUNG ROAD, HAPPY VALLEY,
A DEPENDABLE
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SOUTH CHINA MOTOR CAR CO.
33, Des Voeux Road Central.
25644.
Tel. 25644.