223
HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION.
Latitud Capital
THE CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA, AUSTRALIA & CHINA.
$80,CON,† 2
Jumat sol Pully. Fajd up 30,000.00 Bare Funda:-
Norting.....710,000
90,506,000:
Reserva Liability of Proprietar 90,100,000
UMAD OPPICE: HONG KONG
KOARD OF DIRECTORS |-
1. ▲. Plummer, Eng.
Chalang
Hon. Mr. G...Mackle. Deputy Chairmas.
W. E, Hel, Esa.
A. EL.'Compton, Rei,
D. Jander Lewis, Hap
LEGT
BANGKOK
BATAVIA
BOMBAY
Hon. Mr. J... Patersoll,
T. E. Pears, Pag.
T. 11. 1. Shaw, Emj,
J. P. Warren, Zeg.
Acting Chief Blanagor. V. Masipag barn, Fel
„DEANCȚIES:
LONDON
L.TONN
CALCUTTA
MALACCA
MANILA
MUAR (Joliorer
SURDEN.
CANTON
JAFOO DOLOMBO
PEIPINO
PENANG KANGDON
NAGAMAKI
NEW YORK
PLIERN
PODCEOW KAIPHONG
KAMBUBO
WANKOW RANDIN
MONOKEY
1010
JOHTORP
: COR
KOWLOON
CRALA LUMP
SALOON
SAN FRANOI8%)
SHANGHAI
SINGAPORE
SUÚRADAYA
BUNGEI PATAN!
TEENCHIN
TOKYO
TRINUTAD YOKOHAMA
Can Saminti opened Local Gur and and podle ravival for one year, GE shester bariade its fonal Curruney and Burling which will in 'quated an application.
Bong Kuna. Idk Apark, Bio,
HONG KONG SAVINGS BANK.
The Besin of the abore Dank le vanduo
by the HONG KONG AND SHANGBAL BANKING CORPORATION, lue may
shinlari on application.
FOR THONG KONG A BIASONAL BANKING CORPORATION.
V. M. GALA VIURY,
Aging Chief Manager.
kłong Kong, Vith Match, ing
NEDERLANDSCHE HANDEL - MAATSCHAPPIJ, N.V.
INKERLANDH TRADING SOCIETY:
DANTERS.
Exublished 1834
How Long Uffos:-11 Queen's Road Central Bulider 150,000,000- Kubbarisad Capital
(213,400,000) Yuld-Up Pepital Bull B000,000 ik#660.687. Berry Fanduilders 40,000,000
(.40,835, 888.)
Best Oftes:-(AMR) ERDAM”). Kesian Head Office:-BATAVIA. NANOMEN - Bandjarmasin Bantong Boubay,
Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1853. HEAD OFFICE: LONDON. Paid-up Capital
Reserve Fund
Reserve Liability of Proprie
torn
..£8,000,000
.84,000,000
.£8,000,000
Agencies and Branches:
ALOR STAN
_{Malay_Batteʻ
AHITYAR
- HANGBOK
HATAVIA BOMBAY CALOUTTA CANTON DAWNFORE
DEBU
COLOMBO
DALAH (Bainy
South Hangkita)
DELHI
KUALA LUMPUR
COMING
MADRAB
MANILA
MEDAN
NEW YORK
PERINO
MENANG РЕМНАТАЯ BANGOON
·REMARANG
BALOON.
BEARMBAN
RIANGHAL
HINGAPORE. BOURABAYA
TAIPINO
HAIPTIONG
HAMBURG
HANE W
HARMIN
(4.8.)
(N. Manchuriat
TAVOT
RONG KONG
TIENTSIN
HGILC
ГРОН
KARACEL
KLANO
KUALA KANGSAR
Pajak (P.M.S.)
TOKYO
TOKOKAN (Fkukan, *
THINUTAQ
YOKOHAMA
ZAMBOANDA
(Philippine Islands)
Foreign Exchange and General Banking business transnated.
Current Accounts opened and Fix ed Deposita received for 1 year or shorter periods at rates which will be quoted on application.
A. H. FERGUSON,
Manager. Hong Kong, 8th January, 1929.
THE HO HONG BANK, LTD. (Established 1917.)
CAPITAL
Authorised
Isaped
Paid-up
THE CHINA MAIL.
HOW MONEY HAS CHANGED LIFE.
COMMERCE
WHY GOLD AND SILVER ARE
AND
FINANCE
Among the Indians of North
HONG
WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1930.
KONG MARKET PRODUCE.
APPROXIMATE
Butcher Meat.
Prime Cut
Corned
H
Roast
Breast
m
H
Soup
Steak
+
Steak Sirlon
Sauer pas
Bullock's Brains
America wampum, or strings of Beef Sirloin .... small sheli beads served the pur- pose of money. In India and Africa small yellowish-white shells called "cowries" were perhaps the USED FOR EXCHANGE. oldest cash in the world. The South Sea Islanders considered red BARTER IN THE BEGINNING.
feathers as the necessary currency. In Russia and China, tea money ahas also been used. Made of tea Imagine if you can, says writer in the Kansas City Star, and compressed into blocks, it was what this life would be without | sometimes serrated like, chocolate our modern god, money. And yet bars, to be broken conveniently for money is an entirely artificial,.] change. It had the added advant- man-made invention, and if we age of being capable of use either. lock back into the past, we shall for money or for a beverage. find that there was a time several Cheese in China
was also com- thousand years ago, when no such firessed into cakes and circulated about as moray until someone got thing was known
hungry and ate it.
|
In those ancient days, there was no buying or selling of goods, no
The Birth of Money, making of loans or investiments, no Naturally, before there could be need for banking or bookkeeping, extended commerce, some form of and none of the mad scramble that | money had to be invented, and the present conditions have fristed | people began to experiment and to upon us. Then, each family ordin- seek a standard of value. Metals their superiority: arily produced most of its food, soon asserted cothing, and other simple wants. They took little space and cost If a man wanted a 'sword or same- nothing for fodder. In parts of cross weighing $20,000,000 thing that he could not grow or Africa, 'n copper
bought a 8,000,000 make. he would exchange some of less than two pounds - 4,000,000 his own grain or cattle for it. wife, as one collector says, of in- This simple method of direct ex-determinate weight, height and 4,000,000
change was known as barter, and good looks. Iron was one of the 2,210,000
the trade that ensued in the an- first, metals to be employed. HEAD OFFICES: SINGAPORE.
Sparta, which had private reasons sixth Branches, Agencies and Correspon-cient world before the dents in the principal cities of" the seventh century BC, was
for wanting to keep its people at world.
home, made money of iron, and leally all barter trade, Every description of Banking and Exchange business transacted.
TAN ENG HOOI,
Manager. Hong Kong, 15th May, 1020,
Безегув Liabilities of
Shareholders Surplus
THE BANK OF TAIWAN,
(TAIWAN GINKO).
or
prac-
Money in strips with
string it was а сол-
" Leg
Shoulder Saddia
牛尾耙 1b.
琵牛牛
H RRERSE3BZZ9OER
#22436S+x33B+=+V=CREEROBES883.
2
*
May 9, June, June.
1030. 1918. 1914
Gie. Cla. Cta
RETAIL PRICES.
Poultry.
2-1
12
Chicken
28 11
Capons, Small
23 12
Capons, Large
24
22
Duck
27
20 18
Dovea
per ret 15
lb.
88186087*** 19388****99888*8--82-778898824788*8**
May 9, June, June,
1930, 1918, 1914
Cla. Cka.
Che
1b. 80.30 31
58
20 18
Eggs, Hen (cooking)....
Fowls, Haizaz.
Goose
Pigeons, Canton
Hothow
Turkeys, Cock Turkeys, Hen
新
糠
* each
建地靄
鹅
per doz, 40
Almenda
21
21
25 20
ឆននផង | ន≠
៩នដន គ គ ឌ ឌ ឌឹ
ន | ៩ {1}
8238 19379998288881
ཛནསདྡྷིམྨོ, ཨམྨཾ རཱཎསྨིཾ རཱམྨཾ མཙྪིཏྠེནྟཱིན
口味絲
**
OB SHERR #EKE#283
60
exch 25
pair 1.80
each 32
80
20
Quail Partridges
Fruits.
Apples (California}
# ៥ .
QUAN
雞山香蒸
71
椰字 each 19
15
金山康 cach_31
24 24
Eggs, Hen (fresh)
30
36
Fowls, Canton
20 20
10 12
"
Tongue, fresh
4
#
Tongue, corned
4
gạch 65 50 00
80
гр
Head
ቅ .
$1.40
静
Heart
4
Jb.
Hump, Salt
+
20
$1.20 18 14
18
Snipe
EX
Foot
each 12 10
12
Pheasant
Kidneys
1
10
12
Tall
即要
20 22
Liver
13 14
Tripe
24
€ 7
Culves' Head & Foot Mutton Chop
牛仔頭!
Kot $1.20 $1,00 $1.00
羊排
lb.
30
20
20
24
*
27
Bananas (bride's)
Brains
Per pet &
Carambola
Feet
15.
15
Coconuts
Fry
15
18
**
Lemons, Chiom
Head
猪
20
Heart
each 16 10
10
Lemons (American)
Kidneya
*
10
Lichees, Dried
荔枝干b.
Liver
猪
Fb.
Pork Chop
猪排
36
45 30 24 26.23
Oranges (Canton)
Oranges
Leg
#
Leia
60 70
Pears (Canton) .....
梨
21
19
Peanuts
per set 80 60
70
*. 4
M
each 10
8
7
Persimmons, Large
*
榄
12
10
Plantain
大班
T
26
26
Pumelo, Siam
.25 22
H
30,20
18
20 26
30:
20 20
Pig's Chitling
Fat or Lard
Heart .....
Kidneys
··Liver
made the coins so large and heavy Sheep's Head & Feet..¥ W Barter Was Not Simple. But barter was not a simple that no one could travel con- thing and presented many com.veniently. plications in its execution. The a hole to first difficulty was to find two per sons having just those things to LTD.dispose of that suited each other's
requirements.
HEAD OFFICE:--Taipeh, Formosa, Incorporated by Special Imperial
Charter, 1999.
Central Benz in Yarmo
Bent. Notes issued Average amount Yen. 44,000,000
BRANCHEB AND LUENGLES JAPAN :-Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe, Usain. FORMOBA-Ulme, Kagh „Karaoko, Esfang,
Katong, Kants, Bhinalitu. Telebu, Tainan, Takso, Tamui, Toen, Walio, Talks Foo, CRINA-Rhanghai, -Hankow,
Sorrabays,
Olesia,
Calcula, Charlie Daber, Djok jakeria) The Ilague'), Jeddah, Kat
Ewalow, Danion. Kota Radju Makasar, Medan, Padang Palembang Pekalongan, Panan. OTRS-Hong Kong alagapore,
BALSTIO Serang,
Bombay, Polak Bangoon, Botterdam'), Hasanag
Lowdon, New York, Dalian, Sinaghal, Bibolg
LONDON BANKEES: (Bamate), Bingapore, Forsbe Boralaris (Bola), Trent, Tilty The London Dounty Westminster and Parr's Bank and Waitarredan
The Best Compodanie in wit the prin
This allows have uzle deponih born to Let, Casila Balams-National Proviania! Bank Ltd. Forrespondania all over, the world
Banking business si every tenoripling Hanzaɔtd.
A, STOKKINK,
Bong Kong. It=April, 1»»
Act. Mwanger.
BANQUE DE L'INDO - CHINE,
HEAD OFFICE:
98, Boulevard Haussman, Paria, Subscribed Capital Frs. 72,000,000.00 Paid-Up Capital ... Frs. 68,400,000.00 | Reserve Funds ....Frs.102,000,000.00
BRANCHES:
Hong Kong Qulaboo
Salzon
Bangkok Battambang Hue Castho
Canton
Djibouti
Mongtze Shanghai Nam Dinh Singapore Neumea Thankea
Fort-Bayard Papeete Tlentain Halphong Peking Touring
Phom-Peuk Vinh Pondicherry Yunnanfu BANKERS:
Bankow Hanai
IN FRANCE: Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris; Credit Lyonnais; Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas; Credit Industriel et Commercial; So- ciete Generale.
IN LONDON: The National Pro- vincial & Union Bank of England, Ltd.; Comptoir National d'Escompte do Paris; Credit Lyonnais.
cipal Commercial Denters throughout the world,
E. MADURA.
Mannews.
HONG KONG BRANCH:
** 3, 19e Toruz Hoad Castesi, Hong Kong. 19th Jersary, 1989.
THE BANK OF CANTON, LTD.
Established 1912.
Head Office-Hong Kong.
Auinonani Capia! (H.K. Currency? ...811,000,000 Paid Up Capital cameramanen semana. 2,564,309 Baseri Fond instance. 1,000,000 BRANCHES:--
Le
Centon, Bhanghai, Bankow,
Swslow, Bangkok, New Zork and Ban Fradise
LONDON BANKERI :-- The Lloyd's Bank Limited. CORRESPONDENTS principal elites of k World. Foreign sxchange and banking, bulaca of stary description tracted.
Bale Deposit Boxes varlose fuse) at a yourly rectal of from 45 30 350
LOOK POONG SHAN,
Chiet Manager.
Hong Kong, 8th April, 1930.
THE BANK OF CHINA. 行銀國中
Reorganised October 25, 1923, under special charter of The National Gov-
INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE
IN NEW YORK: J. P. Morgan & Co.; French American Banking Corrnment as an poration; Guaranty Trust Co. of New York.
to arrangements.
Every description of Banking and
Exchange Business transacted.
Safe Deposit Boxes to let.
A. LEGOT,
Reserve Funds
BANK
Intereat allowed on Current Ac- Subscribed Capital...$28,000,000.00. counts and Fixed Deposits according Pald-Up Capital .$24,710,200.00 ..$ 3,820,503.82
HEAD OFFICE: SHANGHAL
HONG KONG BRANCH: 4, Queen's Road Central
Owing to our numerous branches ta THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK, | China and large connections in the
Manager.
Hong Kong, 1st May, 1929.
HIMITED.
Established 1880.
Capital (fully paid-up) You 100,000,000 Reserve Fund.......Yon 111,500,000
Head Ofice:-YOKOHAMA.
Branches and Agencies at: Alexandria
Nagoya Nowchwang New York Osake
Batavia Bozabar (Temporarily
lowed).
Calextia
Gaston
Ayres
Changchen
Peking
Rangoon Rio de Janeiro Balgon Daired (Day) San Francisco
engtien (Mukien) Sentila
Hambúrg
Hankow
Harbin
Hong Kon Honafaka
Karachi
Leadon
important commercial centres of the world, we are able to extend to cur clients special facilities for domestic and foreign banking and exchange.
We also handle the issue of Bonda and other Public Funds of the Chin- ese Government both at home and
SHOU J. CHEN,
Manager.
abroad.
Hong Kong, 5th March, 1930,
THE BANK OF EAST ASIA, LTD.
HEAD OFFICE: HONG KONG 10, Des Voeux Road Contral, Hong Kong.
Authorised Capitai
A second problem with which our moneyless ancestors were obliged to cope was that of deter- mining what quantity of one com- modity would be the equivalent of another before, an exchange could be effected. If a certain quantity of beef be given for a certain quantity of corn, and the corn is exchanged for eggs, the problem of how much beef for how many eggs must be decided; and similar puzzles were constantly coming up. What A document of com- plications would a list of current prices have beon, with each com- modity quoted in terms of every other commodity!
A
Barter was inadequate for an other reason. Many kinds of goods could not be portioned out. tailor might have a coat ready to oxchange, but it would far exceed In value the small quantity of milk that he wants.
--|
Mutton
venient kind for carrying about Sucking Figa,' to order before the days of pockets. In early Bust, Beat days in Egypt large rings or thin bent strips of metal about five Vent inches in dlaméter long served the purpose of money.
*
4
#
Sausages
4
No. 1.
Fish.
蛟
lb. 37
14
24
励 雄
32.
20
16
H
Fish
糖無力
At first, metals were handed about in ingota and weighed at
transaction. each
Old weigh houses are still seen in some of the ancient market places of Europe. Bream
Barbel
魚魚——魚魚魚
◎ 牛羊仔仔
Later the money was stamped to Canton Fresh Water **) indicate its fireness and guarantee its purity. The first recorded coins Carp were minted about 600 B.C. by Catfish Codfish name became A Crossus, whose proverb for wealth in Lydia, a Crabs gold-producing country of Asia Cuttle Fist Minor. About that same time the Dab making of coins also arose. China, unly, by a totally different Dog Fish process, for here they were cast Eels, Conger into. their required shapes. Fresh Water Original Chinese coins were made
in Dace
Yellow
in the form of kalfe blades-from Frogs which they derived their name of Garoupa "razor" coing-in imitation of the Gudgeon bars of metal which they supersed- Herrings ed; while yet others are known to have appeared in the forma of little shovels.
Craying For Adornment. The chief reason why gold and silver became the money metals was that they satisfied the craving It was the lustre for adornment.
Halibut
Labrus Lonch Lobsters Mackerei Monk Fish Mullet Oysters
Tobacco was Legal Tender. The early colonists of North America regarded tobacco as legal tender. In the earliest days when the hunting of wild animals was the chief occupation and the chief source of subsistence, the proceeds of the chase were the properties of and sheen of gold and silver that Parrot Flab most obvious value. While the caused them to be highly prized in Perch ment of captured animals was too the early stages of civilization or to be when other ways of producing perishable to be saved frequently exchanged as a unit of these effects were not known. The Pomfret, Whits case glitter of the bauble is the origin Pomfret, Black "money," this was not the with the skins. These were valu- of the monetary use of the pre.
Prawns able as clothing, and lasted for a cious metals, precisely as glass
Ray .... long time. Thus fora and akina hands and acarlet cloth have been Rock Fish were acceptable as money in many used for barter by explorers among Roach anclent lands, and down to the the savage races. time of Peter the Great, leather money was circulated in Russia
THE INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL
.BANK, LIMITED.
HEAD OFFICE: 12-14, Queen's Road, Central, Harr Kong.
BRANCHÉS:
Shanghel, Hankow; Canton, Kongmoon. CORRESPONDENTS
a all principal cities of the world Every description of Banking and Exchange business transacted." Wa offer prompt and personal service.
TIENMU, K. LIN
General Managor
THE MERCANTILE BANK OF INDIA, LTD.
HEAD OFFICE:
15. Gm church Blewd, London, E. Pa Authorised Capital £3,000,000 Subscribed Capital... 1,800,000 Paid-up Capital ... 1,050,000 Reserve Fund and Rest 1,640,500 The Bank of Boglanal Midinad. Hank, Yad, :,
BRANCILES: Ipoly Naw-York Kandy
$10,000,000 5,000,000 1,750,000 BRANCHES AND AGENCIES: Batavia" Melbourne San Francisco De Bombay Nagasaki
Pald-Up Capital Eeservo
Shmonas h
Semarang Bhanghai
Bingapore Bderabaya Sydney Tientaln
Tokyo Trizantu Tringtan Vladivostock
(Temporarily (closed)
Calcutta New York
Beattle W Bemarang
Batavia Bonbay
Canton Osaka::: Singapore Bodrabaya Haiphong. Pastaj Honolulu Pelping Bydney Kobe Penang Txipah Kowloon Rangoon Tientsin London Saigon Tokyo Manila Shanghai p
Kobe
Los Angeles
prinsipal
Correspondenta in all
Interest: allowed Current Aseiting of the world, tomgaand
Every description of Banking and
Penang Fuck Loule (Maurition). Bater Colombo/Kuala Krai Blangbat *
S. Krats Jápia --
F: Kuala Lumene Bingapore Bong Kong (Fabang) Tossings
Every Condition of Banking g
· Travellers | Chegues flaxied, „Trustee and Exécutorship
Avonita (received for fixed periods | Exchange business transacted.. Loans | Tiasă? Deposit as inter phat Fator to be obtained on application granted in approved
SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES Fot.
KANTONG PO, E Cages Chlet: Manager.
Hong Kong, 10th March, 1930,
FATHOROUGOOD,
Acting Managerð Hong Kong 10th April, 1980.)
In Central Africa, purchases are
Pike Plaice
Talmos Shark
An
Shrimpa
made and debts paid with stringa Skate
of beads or coils of brass.
ivory merchant or traveller will Sanpper lay in a stock of these, just as in Soles Europe he would carry gold or
Tench bank notes. We know that one of Turbot
the great impulses to the making Turtles, all, fr. water
of Venetian glassware was Marco
Polo's urge to the Venetians to
make beads as currency to use in
are
尾肚 水 魚脯沙繁魚继病斑魚白甲花魚蝦魚魚魚魚芒魚鈎蝦鯊公魚 公班 世狗
BISBEAKEE CHESKETUSEKZEKUBERERHOBBYKROSDEEHERN
左口
魚魚魚魚純
"
20 80
"
H
Н
2
Lonz
楷
### 1b.
新會和段
***
Б
24
27.
18
12
Walnota Grapas
Khi đã tôi cách lữ
# # 16.
Vegetables, &c.
Artichokes
Bean Sprout
Beet. Hoot Bittor Squash
Brinjala, Green
Red
Cabbage, Chiness
(Shanghai)
Cane Shoots, bunch.. y
Cauliflower (Large) ·· ★#RI
(Medium)
(Small)
椰菜花
16
++
Carrota
Celery, Chinese
Chillles, Dried
14
-16
»
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10
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10
. 30
30
10
12
12
12
if
anch 10
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6
୫
10
"
&
8
Б
8 5
8
14
12
10
each
3
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| | | | ༄ ༅ |3 |2| | | ༄ ।
** | | |** | | | |· | ❤ ❤ ❤ | | | | | | *«* * * * - |-|
€
6
6
***
10
10
G
辣椒干
30 25
***
35
10 10
#72 **
12 B 12
10 8
6
2
10
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15
7
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17
30
8
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{
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SADUDEUKROKIDOBRZEBBKHR KES VHENDEGEKERBHEE 竹菜角 瓜瓜瓜菜來爭花花花好來干椒椒料瓜團 米类 頭頭菜薯仔仔瓜仔業榮海榮 運 ** R
Red ..
Green
Curry Stuff, English... ###
Cucumbers
Garlic...
Glager, Young
Old
Horseradish, Shanghai Indian Corn
Lettuce... Water Chestnuts
то
Mushrooms, Fresh
Onions, Bombay
Green
Shanghai
Okroen ....
I
Mandarin. #
洋葱
生
36
14
11
14
"
Parsley Potato, Sweet
Japanese American
18
63
18 8
"
.42
.36 22
26
18
12
1.20
40
Pumpkin
Radish
Rhubarb (Fresh)
Shallots
Spinach Tomatoes Taros
Turnips, Punti (Long)
Vegitable Marrow ....
Water Cress .... Water Lily Root
紅
大
TARIFF CHANGES.
Britain Interested in Canadian Move.
EXPORTS TO RUSSIA.
Rugby, Yesterday.
ו
8
8
1
10
10
8
4
0
6
16 60
Б
3
4
8
វ
5
11
10
6
10 4
-7
ปี 0
8
4
5 8
$ 15
000 during the corresponding period of 1930. The notable increase of exports including re-exports from this country to the Soviet Union during the former period Was £2,000,000; the amount gistered
consigned to the
Sovlet
да
re-
Union
the during former period amounted to £1,168,-
JAPANESE · LOAN.
London, Yesterday. Cash applications for the the part of the British Government. £12,500,000 representing the Lon- It had a clear effect on most of the don quote of the Japanese conver tarifs already in force and re- sion loan were subscribed immedi
Africa and the East. We know had a payment to make in a dia- that as late as the seventeenth tant town or country. century, Manhattan Island was To-day, in every city, the im- bought from the Tadians for the portance of money in the city's matter of beads valued at £24. bustness is attested by the dignifi- use of gold and silver, utility cont
Custom having established theed banking structures that adorn Our respective governments tinued it. These metala
brave the matter of money In hand. singularly free from liability to do. We do not have to weigh it in the terioration. They do not rust, and presence of the buyer; we do not
000 and during the latter perfod to they retain their lustre with un have to worry over its intrinsic
Mr. W. Graham, President of the | £1,175,400, British Wireless Ser- usual constandy. Most important value." These things the treasury Board of Trade, replying to ques- vice.. of all, they have proved to be department looks out for, as well tions, said that the Government had suficiently abundant for money as countless others. Far from learned with great interest of the use, and yet not so abundant that being an arbitrary thing the tariff changes recently introduced they have ceased to be prized.science of money is one of the by the Canadian Government. These During the Middle Ages, mer most particular, and the treasury changes were proposed without any chants could not rely upon the department one of the most vital request for a reciprocal attitude on government to maintain a standard parts of the government, cas of value. Kings often debased the Gold has to-day assumed a pool. coinage again and again to secure tion of prominence above all other the means of carrying on war or metals for money usage. England, paying public expenses of other one of the first, adopted the gold Presented an important change of ately the liats opened. kinds. Every debasement, as it standard in 1816, Germany in 1870, ates under the preferential tariff left the coins with less pure metal, the United States in 1900, while in on-a-large range of goods and in G.$71,000,000 in New York, and lowered their purchasing power various other countries the basis Creased the measure of preference, and raised prices Many Innocent has been established within the but so far as he could judge from Information avalable, the reduc people suffered and everyone grew short space of the last twenty or tions of duties mainly concerned thary of making bargains. In thirty years. This action was' many countries the privileges of necessitated largely by the dim goods which were not imported to the great feudal lords included the culty, under the double standard, any great extent from the Empire right to keep a mint, and this fur of maintaining a definite ratio of countries other than Britain. The Johore Planters Associa
Trade With Soviet. ther complicated matters
value between the two metals, gold
tion has passed a resolution--in: Mr. Graham stated that the total favour of a Government sugges- Changes Necessary, and fallvarða „Avenumber of the things made money eastern countries, however, still declared value of merchandise In- tion that a weekly rest-day be ob
Hecenasry figure in the conduct their financial affairs ported into this country and reserved on rubber plantations, and commercial world. But, while the under the liver standard. gistered as consigned from the has rejected a second Government
By-chan Facilitated pay Throughout the world, however, Soviet Union during the first three suggestion that tapping, be prohl
given place, he was natural law Has always tonded to months of 1929 amounted to bited for two months in the winter Ald to a merchant who fix gold as the more precious. (3) £5,166,000, compared with 44,812,- season Reuter
were
The respective quotas $12,500,000 in London-Reuter.
RUBBER INDUSTRY.
Singapore, Tosterday.