DODWELL & COMPANY, LTD.
FOR NEW YORK AND BOSTON via SUEZ. S.ET "WRAY CASTLE”.................Sails on/or about 1st February. M.V. "MUNCASTER CASTLE"Sails on/or about 12th February,
LLOYD TRIESTINO
REGULAR MONTHLY PASSENGER AND FREIGHT SERVICE FOR BRINDISI, VENICE AND TRIESTE (FIUME). TAKING CARGO ON THROUGH BILLS OF LADING TO GENOA, ALL ITALIAN, ADRIATIC, LEVANT, BLACK SEA AND DANUBE PORTS, REDUCED PASSAGE RATES,
BRINDISI, VENICE & TRIESTE
LONDON
NEXT SAILINGS.
£72.10.0 $580.0.0.
OUTWARDS FOR SHANGHAI, YOKOHAMA, KOBE & MOJI.
From Hong Kong. .........Sails on/or about 22nd January. ..Sails on/or about 31st January.
S.S. "TIMAVO"
M.V. ""REMO"
HOMEWARDS FOR BRINDISI, VENICE AND TRIESTE
S.S. “VENEZIA”
S.S. "TIMAVO"
M.V. "REMO"
From Hong Kong.
.Sails on/or about 5th February. ..Sails on/or about 22nd February.
Salis on/or about 5th March,
NATAL LINE OF STEAMERS FROM CALCUTTA & COLOMBO TO SOUTH AFRICAN PORTS.
8.S. "UMZUMBI"
Sails from Calcutta early February, Regular Passenger and Cargo Service to South African Ports, Through Bills of Lading lasued from Hong Kong.
For Freight or Passage on any of the above Lines apply to:-- DODWELL & CO., LTD., Agents.
Telephone Central 1030.
NYISLINE
THROUGH BOOKING TO EUROPE AT REDUCED RATES, £120, £112, £110, £102, £83, via San Francisco.
G$440, G$420, via Japan and Seattle. SAN FRANCISCO via Shanghai, Japan Ports & Honolulu.
TENYO MARU
23rd January. KOREA MARU
6th February.
LONDON, MARSEILLES, ANTWERP, ROTTERDAM via
Singapore, Penang, Colombo, Suez.
KÄSHIMA MARU
HAKONE MARU
SUWA MARU
Wednesday, Wednesday,
Saturday, 26th January.
Saturday,
9th February,
Saturday,
23rd February.
Wednesday, Wednesday,
Monday, ..... Thursday,
23rd January. 20th February,
28th January. 31st January.
SYDNEY & MELBOURNE via Manila & Ports.
AKI MARU..
KAGA MARU
BOMBAY via Singapore, Penang, & Colombo,
+ HAKODATE MARU
+ KOYEI MARU
Mexico & Panama.
ANYO MARU
Friday, 1st February.
SOUTH AMERICA (East Coast) via Singapore, Cape Town & Ports,
BINGO MARU
NEW YORK via PANAMA.
+ TATSUNO MARU
Monday, 28th January.
DIESEL ENGINES
(Continued from Page 2.)
THE CHINA MAIL,
shape as to allow the oil to get the final stage, are high, but the in between. If the edges are temperatures are lower, and there sharp, they-will-scrap the ofl off, is no combustion to contend with. it will get in the grooves where Most compressors in connection" It is obvious that an oll too heavy it will remain, and in time, due with Diesel engines are of the in body will not be distributed to heat, will form carbon with un-three, stage type, although four easily, and will therefore have to be satisfactory, asalts as mentioned stages are sometimes used in com pressing up to the required (pres- fed in larger quantibles to prevent previously, "dry spota."
Even rounding the edges i not sure of about 1,000 lbs. per square (In the production of sufficient unless done with care, as inch. a somewhat sharp edge can still oxygen, up to 2,000 lbs. and for remain. The best method is the the charging of torpedoes up to "wedge" shape, whereby the edges 3,000 lbs.).
In air compressors which com- are wedged off and then rounded. This will allow easy access of the press to high pressure, and work oil into the place where you want at high speed, the heat of com- it--that is, between the cylinder pression is great, particularly around the outlet valves, through walls and piston rings.
which the hot compressed air is
An oll too light. In body will spread easily but will result in wear and loss of pistou asal, and such an oll, to try to minimize defect, will have to be fed in larger quantiles.
In certain types of angines it may therefore be necessary to use an oil of diferent duidity. In order to assure complete distribution around |the cylinder wall.
Fluid Friction
It is important to remember that Fluid friction plays an import-discharged.
of an Cooling of the cylinders is a greater number of oil feeds to the ant part in the selection cylinder wait, does not necessarily all. The heavier the oll; the more therefore necessary and under conditions, attempts are mean an increased consumption of power has to be exerted to over-Bevere
It offers to frequently made to cool the parts lubricating all; very often there come the resistance verse is the case, because, in order being spread, that is, more fluid near the outlet valves.
Without adequate cooling the to obtain distribution with few friction has to be overcome. Some
people have expressed the opinion temperature would rise, causlog feeds, it is necessary to overfeed at that oils are oils and all alike, unequal expansion and distortion each point.
but that I not so. Best results of the cylinder, valves and valve Some authorities have expressed
will be obtained--other circum-sents. The discharge valves would an opinion that it is advisable to stances beftig equal-by using an not keep tight, due to distortion, cut grooves in the cylinder TRO. oil with minimum internal fluid resulting in wire-drawing and re- Experience seems to point to the fact friction. The factor of distribu- compression of the air. that anything which will tend to tion which tends to the selection The oil film between the ringa break the continuity of the oil film lafnadvisable, and in practice it is of the lightest oil which will with- and cylinder walls would be thin- stand the pressures and tempera-ned out by the heat, losing its usually found that such grooves be- ture, also results in the reduction sealing power and cause
"blow- come filled with deposit and are of fluid friction to the greatest | by." Inoperative
possible extent.
1
If air, at a temperature of 60
Carbon Deposit
An oil must have the property deg. F.. is compressed in a one With the temperature present in of adhesion so it will cling to the stage compressor to 100 lbs. per the cylinders of Internal Combus- surface. It must also have the square Inch, its temperature will tion Engines there is the tendency property of cohesion, otherwise. it theoretically rise to 485 deg. F. towards the formation of carbon could not resist the pressure be- When It is compressed in a two deposits.
tween the surfaces.
stage compressor, say to 35 lbs.
►
All hydro-carbon olls contain car- When you have an oil fim ba- in the first stage, then cooled in bon, varying in proportion, and tween two surfaces, and one aur- an intercooler, the temperature of usually the greater the viscosity of face is moved relatively to the the compressed. air leaving the the oll-or the heavier the all the other, that portion of the film second stage is much lower, about more the carbon. The molecules of which is in contact with the sur-250, and in rare cases as high as these hydro-carbons are bound to faces, due to "adhealvonese," is 300 deg. F. gether, but in some orudes there is moved away. Now this action is This shows the value as far as more free carbon than in others. resisted. So you can see that if lubrication, is concerned, of com- Oils that are properly refined, one of has more "cohesivenesa" pressing air in several stages, however, have this free carbon re than another, the resistance offer when the final pressure required moved.
ed to that motion will be greater is high.
Hydro-carbon alls, when subject to in one than in the other. One An important factor that has to heat and time, will deposit carbon, might be inclined to think that be considered in the efficient and bo, an oil which is hot pro-this is negligible-but-it Isn't, operation and trication of high perly refined will deposit more car for when you remember the num pressure air coressors, is the bon than
Excessive carbon
a good refined oil, on ber of times that the piston moves presence of moisture in the form | account of the excess of free carbon. to and fro during its working of free water. This is most mark- deposits in period, the fluid friction that has ed in the last stage, notwithstand- piston ring grooves Interfere with to be overcome is very considering the use of water separators in the proper functioning of the rings, able.
the inter-cooler. by causing them to stick in the grooves so they are not able to fol
1
Bearings
and
SATURDAY, JANUARY 1
FAST LUXURIOUS
SERVICE
-to America
+ and Europe
TRAVELLERS bound for
TRA
America or Europe avail themselves of speedy and coms.
·fortable service when they go. Canadian Pacific.
The White Empresses are the largest, newest and fastest lineis on the Pacific. They cross from Yokohama to Vancouver in 9 days; from Shanghai to Van couver in 14.
These ships.connect with the summer trains, "Trans-Canada Limited" and "Mountaineer," at Vancouver, enabling passengers to make the earliest aniling ofa Canadian Pacific Atlasielc liner.
CANADIAN PACIFIC
Corner Pedder Street and Chater Road HONG KONG Telephone Central 759. GREATEST TRAVEL SYSTEN
WORLD'S
BRITISH WUCHOW LINE
SAILING DATES FOR JAN., 1929 (Subject to change). DEPARTURE HOURS: Hong Kong 5.80 p.m., Wuchow 2.00 p.m.
9.8. "TAI HING"
S.S. "TAI MING" [649 tons--Capt. G..J. Spink] [1,088 tone-Capt. O. B. Wilks.]
JANUARY. JANUARY.
MON. 2Fat SAT. 26th
THURS. 31mi
WED.
23rd MON. 28th
►
Regular Service of Fast, High Class River Steamers Having Good Ac Three Factors
commodation for First Class Passengers. Electric Light and Fans in State- Good Internal cylinder, condi- It is generally an easy insttercoms and Saloon. The sa. "Tal Hing" is atted with Wireless low closely the formation of the tions are dependent on three fac- to ascertain the operating condi-Taking & Doxing) and return to Hong Kong (via same Porta) every ve These vessels leave Hong Kong for Wachow (via Samahal, Shishing, cylinder wall in passing over the tora-good combustion, efficient tions for a bearing. Pressure, days different points.
cooling and good lubrication. The size, speed, temperature
Fares for round trip (not including meals) $20. 'Meals & Wines are Some authorities, advise "peg- most perfect lubricating conditions mechanical condition, and from to be obtained on board. ging" the rings and numbering are of no avail if combustion is that it is quite an cásy matter to Hong Kong Arrivals and Departures from Hol On Wharf, them, considering that the rings bad. It is true that
High a suitable choose the correct oil.
For information apply toma to a particular shape, they and highly refined ofl will resist, speed bearings are not, as-s rule; should always be put back in the the breaking down effect of con- difficult, but low speed with high same position, after cleaning. Un- tamicstion, due to Incomplete pressures are sometimes trouble- pegged rings pay rotate in use and combustion, for long periods, but some.-
which will even the best oils are working at perhaps get inte line,
Usually with Diesel engines the allow "blow-by" and destruction of a disadvantage under these condi- method of lubrication is forced the oll film.
feed with circulation. By forced
wear
tions.
An economical. feed prevents over- A great deal of the deposits feed we mean that the oil is forc Jubrication and carbon deposits.
found in cylinders is very often, ed under pressure to the different Therefore, in order to obtain not due to the lubricating oil at bearings, and also up to the econbenical
2.3 well
efficient all, but it usually gets the blame. gudgeon cross-head pin. This
26
B
SOUTH AMERICA (West Coast) via Japan, Honolulu, Los Angeles, lubrication, it is necessary to create The oil, really should only be all leaks out from the clearances, and maintain an oil fim with as blamed if it is unsuitable or if drops down to the bottom of the small a quantity of all as possible, there is an excess feed.
crank pit, le picked up by the and this can only be done with the Deposits are often caused by pump, and circulated through the ald of a reliable Mechanical Force impurities in the intake air, im- bearings again after having been Feed Lubricator.
purities in the fuel, unsuitable passed through a cooler: fuel, and incomplete combustion. By Introducipg Usually the intake air for Marine purposes is nearly pure, "but it has been known to carry with it fine sea water spray in suspension, producing salt deposits and rapid wear.
† ATAGO MARU
Sunday, 27th January. Saturday, 2nd February.
LIVERPOOL via Port Said, Geneva, Marseilles.
+ DURBAN MARU
CALCUTTA via Singapore, Penang
† TOKUSHIMA MĀRU
† BENGAL MÁRU ........
Friday, 25th January.
23rd January. 80th January,
& Rangoon. ' Wednesday, Wednesday,
SHANGHAI, KOBE & YOKOHAMA.
† AKITA MARU (Kobe direct)
Sunday,
20th January.
+ LYONS MARU
Sunday,
20th January.
FUSHIMI MARU
Monday,
21st January.
†TOTTORI MARU
Monday,
28th January,
*Cargo only.
Reduced 1st Class Excursion Rates quoted between Manila and`Australia.
For further information apply to—NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA. Tel. Central No. 292 (Private exchange to all departments.)
O.
S. K.
.SAILINGS FROM HONG KONG SUBJECT TO ALTERATION. “
LONDON, HAMBURG, ROTTERDAM & ANTWERP Via Singapore
Friday, 8th February,
Colontha, Suez and Port Said.
ATLAS MARU RIO DE JANEIRO, SANTOS & BUENOS AIRES Via Saigon, Singapore,
Colombo, Durban & Cape Town. MONTEVIDEO MARU
... Friday, 8th February, 1929. BOMBAY VIA Bingapore & Colombo.
CHIFUKU MARU...
Saturday, 10th January, 1929. "HONOLULU MARU
Sunday, 3rd February. (Calle at Penang 4 Karachi),
Some of the pointe desirable in Mechanical lubricators are:-
(a) the oil feeds should be Independent of each other, and also of viscosity, oil level or back pressure. (b) aight feeds should show the correct amount of oil actually
If the fuel oil contains too much free carbon or ash, the unburnt (c) the feeds should be capable impurities will deposit themselves
passing out of the lubricator.
of quick adjustment within on the cylinder walls, adhering to
wide limits.
(d) pump unita should be made of standard, interchangeable parts. (e) there should be an efficient strainer, and the parts should be easily accessible for ad. justment, examination or
the lubricating oil, and a deposit formed which will result, in heavy wear of rings and walls.
Too much water in the fuel will cause irregular fuel charges and inter- fere with proper combustion.
A fuel containing too much as- phaltum, or too thick to flow free- ly will not be properly atomized, will not burn completely and the unburnt portions will accumulate on the platon top behind the pls- ton rings, and form deposits.."
cleaning. With the same oil feed the forms tion of carbon deposits depends to the greatest extent upon the char- acter of the oil, which in turn de pend on the erades from which It I had a ches where there was a complaint"about excessive de is made and the method of refining posts, and it was assured that It is therefore necessary to select the barrel of pll which had been standing the high temperature and same quality! Investigating, an oll which, in addition to with recently opened, was not of the pressure so as to form and maintain learnt that a des fuel oll had an of Alm, also seals the piston been taken futo service just prior against leakage, has a fluidity which to this. As there was a contri- permits its easy distribution around fugal oil feparator In the plant, the cylinder wall, and which is of a suggented that the feel all character to resist the formation of should be passed through it, and carbon deposita.
the results were astonishing. It was surprising the amount of
DURBAN, LOURENCO MARQUES, BEIRA, DAR-ES-SALAAM, ZANZIDAR
& MOMBASA—Vis Singapore & Chiombo, CHICAGO MARU. „Korte Tuesday,'' 5th
February. CALCUTTA—Via Singapore, Penang & Kangoon, I kne
"SEATTLE MARU tiers Friday, 1st February.
*(Calla at Belawan. Deli).LRY VICTORIA, SEATTLE, TACOMA & VANCOUVER Via Japan Porta From Engines having an odling system "dirt" that was separated. It was
MELBOURNE-Via Manila, Brisbarię (& ÷ Bydner, lee can
Shanghai, ant
ARABIA MARU
HIMALAYA MARU
BANGKOK-Vis Saigon.
KOHSO HARD WO
HAIPHONG Ha Johor
MENADO MARU....
Pakhol
“Tuesday, 22nd Tindary,
Wednesday, 6th February. Bunday, Ird February. Thursday, 81st January 10.30
NEW YORK-Via Japan porta, San Francisco & Panama.”
JAPAN PORTA
SOURABAYA MARU
AMAZON MARU
GANGES MARU
KERLUNG VIR SWATÓW, & "AMOT,"
***- CANTON: MARU-
HOZAN HABU
STAKAOZVIA SWATOW. & AMOY.
SA DELLA MARU.
TAKAO, & KEBLUNGK
ABDURABAYA, MARU
Different Problem
whereby the cylinder lubrication de really that which was causing the pends primarily on of thrown or trouble in the labricating oil. splashed from the bearing system, Another separator was installed presents a still different problem. especially for the fuel oil, and ax In this case, the operator has no months later when I visited that control over the rate of feed, al place again,
Informed that though the use of bable plates, ape they had never had such good re cial scraper ringe, etc., help to re- mults: before, both from a fuel oil duse the quantity of ull, reaching conspfo
lubri 'dati
The-lube(cating, oll the Zudi
Wednesday, 23rd January, 1** Wedpe day. Erd Jour, thể Friday, 28th January,
Sunday, 20th January, Noon. “ Bunday, 27th January. Noón, tr
that Thursday, 24th January 10 a.m.;
and selecte
For further particulars; please apply to OSAKA CHOBEN. KA "Tal-Central, N6, 4888," 4089, 40103)
For
JAS IR TAKEUCHI, Manxent: the¬rings
above lasts
sufficient quantity of oil it is possible to form between the rubbing surfaces a complete pil film, which means there will be no wear, and that the friction developed will be en- tirely within the oil itself, Lė., fluids friction. Given the neces- $ Buttable sary surface speed,
(Continued an Page 5.)
87, Connaught Road West,
Phone: Central 695.
KWONG WING
American Express
Travellers
Cheques
"Sky-blue" in colour, these Cheques give travellers the fullest protection against the loss or theft of their travel funds. They are spendable and acceptable everywhere. For more than 36 years travellers the world over have found personal service and financial security thru their use.
Inued in G.$10, G.$20, G.$50, G.$100, and Es and to denominations-bound in a small. mandy wallet--and can only 34 of 1 per cent. Secure your steamship tickets, hatel reservation and tineraries; or plan your cruise or sour through THE AMERICAN EXPRESS CO., INC.
4. DES VOEUX ROAD CENTRAL, Hong Kong.
BANK LINE LTD.
AGENTS FOR
ELLERMAN & BUCKNALL S.S. CO., LTD.
BAILINGS SUBJECT TO ALTERATION WITHOUT NOTICE.
UNITED KINGDOM & CONTINENT
AS "CITY OF MADRAS"...London, Rotterdam, Amsterdam & Hamburg “CITY OF PEKIN"-"
London, Rotterdam, Amsterdam & Hamburg. 8.S. "CITY OF KHARTOUM” London, Rotterdam, Amsterdam & Hamburg London, Rotterdam, Amsterdam & Hamburg 5.8. "CITY OF DELHI".
NEW YORK, BOSTON, & BALTIMORE
།
ALSO AGENTS FOR
ELLERMAN LINE
9th February.
9th March. 9th April 9th May,
AMERICAN & MANCHURIAN LINE
ANDREW WEIR & CO.
SERVICES TO
BOSTON & NEW YORK
8.8 MYRTE"-BANK”
via Suez Canal
MAURITIUS & SOUTH AFRICA
SSTINHOW
Loading
AMERICAN & ORIENTAL LINE |
....15th February, CORIENTAL AFRICAN LINE
April
East London, Algon Bay
Elisabe
THE BANK LINE LTD