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THE CHINA MAIL,
SHIPPING
SECTION.
WAS a matter of years before normal trade routes could be re established. The phenomenal growth of traffic through the.canal!
ba between 1919 to 1923 can largely attributed to this readjust- ment. It should be noted that the increase between 1923 and 1920, four years, is only 6.7 per 'cent, for commercial carriers, and
THE PANAMA CANAL vessels, disregarding tonnage or It should further be noted that number of lockages, as the size of 25 per cent of our business now i vessel makes no special difference is incident to the transfer of oil in the locking time, and also more from the Pacific Coast of the than one vessel may be locked United States to the Atlantic Coast, through át one operation.
In and that this may cease more or
QUESTION OF ITS CAPACITY
BULK OIL MOVEMENT
1927 there were 16,941 lockages in less entirely due to the production all locks, handling 20,550 vessels of ol) on the north coast of South It is the conclusion of
the The number of transits of the America, and a revival of activity Standing Committee on the Pana-canal, however, is only about one-in the Mexican fields." ma Canal that the canal is now third the number locked; as there
In
This quotation, made before 1927 used to only one third of its Are three sets of locks. This figures were available, bears, out capacity, and that the normal in- brings us back to 6,475 transits what has been shown as to normal: crease of ships using it is less for the scal year 1926; less than yearly increase. Including the bl than 2 per cent, per year.
16 commercial vessels per day. jump from 1925 to 1914, It shows teresting facts and theories are These were handled during the only 7.6 per cent. for four year, or set forth in the committee's re-operating day of 10 hours, 1e, less than 2 per cent. a year. port on the canal to the Association from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. of Pacific and Far East Ports, Fifty-seven Vessels in One Day
Mr. J. F. Stevens, in a paper this reading in part as follows:
The canal is generally spoken of
Panama entitled "The
Com- paring 1926 with 1927 only, we would get i larger percentage, about 5.3 per cent, but we do not Canal," think that would be fair, as to have
Sails hence onfor about 31st Jan, as being 50 miles in length, which submitted to the annual convention done that in 1926, as between 1924
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distance would be from open sea
cut.
These
year.
Increase Due To Tankers
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1928.
PACIFIC
to EUROPE
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via CANADA
UNDER ONE MANAGEMENT
SE the Canadian Pacific Route to Europe and dispose of all the troublesome details that usually arise out of a 10,000 mile overseas journey.
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January 9th, 1929.-At Noon:
GREATEST TRAVEL SYSTEM
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the American Society of Civil and 1925, the latter year would on one side to the other, including Engineers, gives the theoretical have shown a decrease of 11 per channels in Limon Bay and Bay capacity of the locks as 48 vessels cont Obviously the reasonable of Panama. The mean elevation
a day, or three times the present method is to figure over a period of | of Gatum Lake above the sea is
traffic. That this is a conserva normal years and. in doing so we Three sets of locks are 85 feet. used, viz., from the Pacific side tive estimate is borne out by the get less than 2 per cent, încrease a. "Mirafiores," "Pedro Migual" and fact that 57, vessels actually were Gatun passed in one day in 1926, with! (after passing through
The dimen-out difficulty, with one flight of The 1927 canal report brings out Lake) Gatun locks. sions of lock chambers are uniform double locks out of commission. another fact. The increase of 1927 ly 1,000 feet by 110 feet, with a This unusual traffic was due to a over 1926 was almost entirely due to tankers. In measurement tons minimum depth over sills of 40 naval fleet passing through.
To further show the capacity of the canal traffic increased 1,463,224 feet at lowest water level. dimensions ure adequate for the the canal locks, Mr. Stevens makes tons of which 1,228,872 tons was The a comparison with the volume in tankers. This was 88 per cent. largest vessel ever built.
through the of the total increase. In water for filling lock chambers is actually handled
Marie canal.
what All Sault Ste.
He fact, tankers account for drawn from Gatun "Lake.
might call the ab- locks are double, thus affording not shows that the "Soo" canal, which we
four months normal increase of 1924, and have only greater capacity but also is ice-bound over
in year, handled, 234 in all years since 1923 represented making it feasible to unwater one each set periodically for painting and operating days in 1926, 21,000 24 to 37 per cent. of the toll-paying maintenance work without stop vessels of all sizes, or 90 per day, traffic.
This would justify an estimate of Many things can happen in the ping traffic.
capacity of 32,850 vessels if next few years which might de- The cut channels in the bay ap operating all year, as does the crease the tanker traffic, and we proaches and in the canal itself
Panama Canal, On a tonnage are safe in assuming that condi- provide a depth of 40 to 45 feet. basis the "Soo" canal has detions now governing the movement The approach channels
have a monstrated a capacity of 134,000, of oil will not be the same when width of 500 feet. In
Gatun, 000 tona
in twelve months if traffic reaches a volume apprriach- Lake the width is from 600 to 1,000
operating. The Panama Canaling to capacity of the canal. feet, while in Gaillar cut, ova bandied only 26,227,815 tons in But let us assume now that the a distance of about eight miles, 1927, or about one-fifth of the traffic needs to use the the width is 300 feet. Thes
capacity of the "Soo" canal, Mr. canal is approaching the widths refer to the bottom of the Stevens states that so far as time capacity of the present canal, whe-|
for focking is concerned a vessel ther it be in 25 years or 50 years When they pass the Shishing Gorge, The limiting feature as to is a vessel regardless of size. He from now, and "greater capacity or the American travellers say “Well, we dimensions thus appears to be the also says both canals have practi- another canal is needed. Our au-
guess this beats the Hudson River, lock chambers, but, as we have cally the same facilities, by which thorities tell us in the capacity of
our show place." Continental visitors said, they will accommodate the we understand the type of lock the present canal, that is to say its remark that it reminds them of the largest vessel ever built We chambers and speed of operation limiting element, the locks can "Rhine and Switzerland." Whilst take it for granted that even if is relatively the same. While no readily be doubled. This would British tourists declaro "Surely, the there were no other considerations doubt many lake vessels are small, be accomplished by constructing an Lake district or the Scottish moors, to fix the practicable maximum many are very large, comparing additional set of locks alongside but with a little less vegetation." side of commercial vessels of the with the large sea-going vessels each of the present double sets. Now why not take a five-days" 'roundi future, the size of these locka which use the Panama Canal, ex- This would be only one-third more trip and go for yourself. It costs.you would be a sufficient Influenco.cepty pethapa,itas to draft. in lock area, bat operating arrang-only $40. There are many other reasons; We will det the performance of ments would result in actually however, such as size of dry docks, the "Soo cans stand only as a doubling the capacity, according to channel and harbour limitations citation to bear out the estimated the canal authorities. throughout the world, as well as capacity of the Panama Canal In view of all we have pointed economic considerations.
locks of 48 vessels, per day or out we must conclude that the There may develop military or approximately 17,000 per year, Panama Canal is now used to only naval reasons for enlargement of and, therefore, assume that the one-third: Its 'capacity; that the the canal or for additional locks 6,476 transits in 1927 represent normal increase is less than 2 per of greater dimensions, but your one-third the capacity.
jcent. a year; that, therefore, capa- We wish to mention another city is not likely to be reached for committee does not feel called upon or competent to delve into fact, as we think it has a bearing 30 years, or perhaps longer; that such problems as unusual naval upon capacity. This ta that in bulk of movement will have much 1927 one-fourth of the vessels tran- to do with increase and that move- The Gaillard Cut..
siting the Panama Canal were ment may become negligible, and The next physical limitation of tankers. These carried oil from finally, that the present canal, cost- the canal is the navigating capa- the Pacific to the Atlantic. Thoing 376 millions can be doubled in
shown city of Gaillard cut. As to depth, foregoing has
that 16 capacity for about 100 million dol there is obviously no real. restric-vessela is the current average lars additional. tions, as 40 feet is available at the traffic per day, that 48 is the lowest stage of water practicable calculated daily capacity at pre-
Now let
us see what the for lock operation, and that low sent. 29th December. 6th January.
stage has never occurred; also it rate of increase has been and likely can be prevented from occurring. will be, so as to estimate when the For all practical purposes more other two-thirds of the canal's than 40 feet of depth exists. As capacity will be utilised by the to the channel width of 300 feet traffic.
THROUGH BOOKING TO EUROPE AT REDUCED RATES, £120, £112, £110, £102, £83, vla San Francisco.
G$440, G$420, vin Japan and Seattle. SAN FRANCISCO via Shanghai, Japan Ports & Honolulu.
TENYO MARU KOREA MARU
Wednesday, 23rd January. Wednesday, 6th February. LONDON, MARSEILLES, ANTWERP, ROTTERDAM via
Singapore, Penang, Colombo, Suez,
KATORI MARU
ATSUTA MARU
Į
Saturday, 20th December. Saturday, 12th January.
Wednesday, 23rd January. Wednesday, 20th February.
SYDNEY & MELBOURNE via Manila & Ports.
AKI MARU
MISHIMA MARU
BOMBAY via Singapore, Penang, & Colombo.
† NAGATO MARU
† YAMAGATA MARU
Friday,
...Sunday,
28th December, 30th December.
SOUTH AMERICA (West Coast) via Japan, Honolulu, Los Angeles,
Mexico & Panama.
ANYO MARU
KAMAKURA MARU
Friday, 1st February.
SOUTH AMERICA (East Coast) via Singapore, Cape Town & Parts, vessels might bring about.
5th January. Saturday,
Monday, 31st December. Saturday, 10th January,
NEW YORK via PANAMA.
† TAKAOKA MARU
†TATSUNO MARU
LIVERPOOL via Port Said, Geneva, Marseilles.
+ DURBAN MARU
Monday, 14th January.
CALCUTTA via Singapore, Penang & Rangoon,
+ RANGOON MARU
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SHANGHAI, KOBE & YOKOHAMA,
† MITO MARU
+ MALACCA MARU
TAMBA MARU
+Curgo only.
Saturday, Sunday,
Thursday, 27th December, Friday, 28th December. 30th December.
Sunday,
J
Ecduced 1st Glass Excursion Rates quoted between Manila and Australia.vessele can safely pass in the cut
For further information apply to NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA. Tel. Central No. 292 (Private exchange to all departments.)
O. 8. K.
ŠAILINGS FROM HONG KONG SUBJECT TO ALTERATION,
LONDON, HAMBURG, ROTTERDAM ' ANTWERP—Vla Singapore
Colombo, Suez and Port Sald.
Tuesday, 8th January, 1920.
AIRES Via Saigon Singapore, Saturday, 29th December. Friday, 8th February, 1929.
Thursday, ・ 3rd- January, Monday, 7th January, Saturday, 19th January, 1829. * (Calla at Penang & Karachi). DURBAN, LOURENCO MARQUES, BEIRA, DAR-ES-SALAAM, ZANZIBAR
&MOMBASA-Vis Singapore & Colombo,
ALTAI MARU RIO DE JANEIRO, SANTOS & BUENOS
Colombo, Durban & Cape Town. MANILA MARU MONTEVIDEO MARU BOMBAY Vin Singapore & Colombo.
SHUNKO MARU-
SHINYO MARU- CHIFUKU MARU....
MEXICO MARU
Sunday, 5th January. CALCUTTA Via Singapore, Penang & Rengoon.
Monday, 31st December, TACOMA MARU:
BORNEO MARU
Friday, 18th Janary, 1929. VICTORIA, SEATTLE, TACOMA & VANCOUVER Via Japan Ports From
Shanghal.
(Calls at Belawan Doll).
MELBOURNE Via Manils, Brisbane & Bydney,
BURMA MARU
SAIGON
I.
HAIPHONGVIn Holho
Saturday, 5th January.
over this eight-mile stretch, it is The canal was opened to traffic not a physical limitation, as two in August, 1914. The world wor was in progress until 1918, also There would be an operating there was a slide which closed limitation, however, in that the canal for months in '1916, 60 moderate speed is required by good the traffic of the early years is of no judgment as well as by rules. value as a criterion for the future. We think it is clear that there From-1918 to 1922 inclusive, the are no real physical limitations so transits numbered from 2,069 to far as the passing of individual 2,892 a year. In 1928 a notable vessels through the canal is coh- increase is shown, there being a cerned, so we will take up the total of 3,697 transits. In 1924 operating or volume capacity the total reached 16,230 and then which are the only declined to 4,673 in 1925 and 5,187 limitations, lones that acem to us to justify in 1926. For the last year, for
consideration.
which figures are available, viz., 1927, the total was 5,476 as pre- viöusly cited: o ::
Let us first make clear that vessels, are under their own power, except in the locks, and speed of In view of the very slight in- transit is not unreasonably recrease between 1924 and 1927, stricted. Most freighters do not we cannot be Influenced by the! operate at sea at the maximum large increase from 1917 to 1928, speed allowed in the greater por as conditions were not normal In tion of the canal. The rules the years of post-war readjustment, allow speeds of from six to 15 If we consider the last four years, knots, depending upon the width the years of heaviest traffic, we of the cut. Even with Jockages find the total percentage of in- through three sets of locks, the crease to be less than 47 per transit of the canal is made in an cent, or an average of about 1.2 average time of eight hours. We per cent a year." At the later think It can be fairly said that rate of increase, the canal would there is no lack of capacity, in the serve in its present state for 55: navigation areas. It requires no years. Even then the traffic figurca to enable one to realise would be only about half of what that mora vessels can pass through the "Soo" canal has demonstrated Gaillard, cut,, In one direction, at its ability to handle.
six knots, in a day than could pos- On the subject of increase, Mr. Thursday, 3rd January 10 m. sibly be locked out to sea level. Stevens quotes Governor Walker,
NEW YORK-Via Japan porta, San Francisco & Panama.
MENADO MARU..:
HAVANA MARU....
HAVANA MARU
JAPAN PORTS.
KASADO MARU
·SUMATRA MARU
KEELUNG-VI SWATOW & AMOY.
HOZAN MARU
CANTON MARU...
TAKAOTIR SWATOW & AMOT.
TAKAO & KEBLUNG
SOURABAYA MARU
Bunday, 6th January,
Bunday, 6th January, Thursday, 10th January, 1920. Sunday, 18th January, 1929.
Sunday, 80th December Noon. Bunday, 6th January Noon.
Friday, 25th January, 1929.
For further particulars please apply to OSAKA BHOSEN KAISHA. ProTal Pentral No. 4088, 40BR, 4090:
M. TAKEUCHI, Manager,
The governor's report shows who he says is probably the best that during 1927 the average mum-informed man in the world on the ber of ocean vessels making the subject, as follows: ... transit of the canal, per day was "I do not think that we should | 15. * This leaves out a few Go take the Increase showa ́ ́(in-a vernment vessels which are exempt || tabulation of 1915-1926 traffic) too from tolls, but even with these seriously ag a basis for predicting considered the daily average was future trafic through the canal. only 18.6. vessels. For 1928; It It must be kept in mind that due to was 16 vessels. We will confnel the World War, routing, of all our figures to the number of shipping was disturbed, and
CONSIGNEES' NOTICE.
B.5.
Consignees of Cargo ex "Benmohr" are reminded to take delivery of their goods which will be subject to rent after Dec. 28.
DECJAN: SAILINGS.
DEPARTURE HOURS:
Hong Kong 5.30 p.m. Wuchow 2,00 p.m. B.S. TAI HING"
(1,068 tons Capt. 0. B. Wilks.] *MON: 31st DECEMBER.
SAT.
JANUARY.
6th
THURS. 10th
MON. 21st SAT. 26th TUES 15th THURS. 31st
9.8. "TAI MING" [649 tons Capt. _G._J. ̃Spink.] DECEMBER. SAT.
THURS. TUES. 8th SUN, 13th
- 29th
JANUARY. 3rd
FRI. 18th WED. 23rd
•MON. 28th
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