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YEE SANG FAT CO
GOOD LUCK
"GOOD LUCK"
BRAND
NEW SEASON GINGER
Most reliable, good strong colour, mellow and well preserved.
The China Ginger Preserving Co., Ltd. No. 16, Bonham Strand. Enst
Telephone C. 989
"PEONY" EVAPORATED MILK
Pure, Rich, Tasty. Ask for it at your dealer's.
SAND-LIME BRICKS.
Best machine made bricks Highest tests and uniform qualities.
For Economy, Quality, Beauty. Durability and
Satisfaction unsurpased.
YEE YICK SAND-LIME BRICK CO.,
CHING IU NAM
Manager.
Factory-Canton Hong Kong Office, 148, Queen's Road. Weet, 1st Floor. Talephone No. C.3882.
CHY LOONG.
New Season. Preserved Ginger.
Best quality-Prompt attention to Exporters.
Office:-231, Queen's Road Central, 2nd floor. Tel. Central 2530. Factory:-500-504, Canton Road, Yaumati. Tel. K. 869,
Hong Kong's Artistic Photographers
The
YING MING STUDIO
Queen's Road Central
(Official Photographers of the "China Mail.")
YOU
THE CHINA MAIL.
MOTORING SECTION
STEEP INCLINES.
THE ART OF BREAKING.
Experienced motorists who live in hilly districta are well aware that caution is necessary when tak ing a car down a steep declivity, and have learnt also the need for care in maintaining the brakes In first-class condition. Novices, how- ever, or motorists who habitually drive in flat country, are apt to make mistakes in plenty, when first essaying a tour or business journey through a really the rapidity with which a car gathers speed on a steep slope, or the enormous in- crease in the stopping distance as compared with that which obtains on the level.
At a time when four wheel brak- ing systems were raritica, the driv er was always advised to use the hand lever and the pedal alternate-! ly on long downward gradients In order to avoid over heating the drums, but caution in that respect is not now so necessary as was then the case. However, it is undoub- tedly a good practice to pull the hand brake on to the extent of three; or four hotches, and then to use the pedal to produce the additional re- tardation required, thus dividing the work between the two braking aystems. It is exceedingly un- likely that the brakes. will fall or prove inesective, providing they are given a certain amount of atten- tion. Every now and then say, when the chassis is being thorough- ly greased--the numerous pivots of Downward gradients can be taken the brake gear should be examined In a variety waya. The simplest, to ensure that all the pivot pins are and also the most widely used, con- cecure, and they may then be clean- sista of leaving the clutch and geared of mud and lubricated. lever alone, releasing the accelera- tor pedal, and then applying what- ever pressure may be needed to the brake pedal in order to supplement the retardation produced by the en- gine when driven by the car in top gear. This is a very safe method, but it should, of course, be improv- ed upon when the downward gra-
Adjustment.
The brakes should, of course, be adjusted periodically, it being a good plan to tighten the ad- justments to an extent just suffi- clent to make each drum sound dead when tapped with a hammer, subae quently slacking the hand nuts two three half-turns each in order to lowing this the car can be driven a short distance, after which the drums should be felt with the hand to discover whether any one of the shoes is rubbing.
NEW INVENTION.
DIFFERENTIAL GEAR.
Many attempts have been made from time to time to obviate the outstanding disadvantages of the ordinary bevel type of differential diverts the power or effect to the is well known, goar, which, as
wheel which has the least grip on the road. To take an extreme cas0: If one of the rear wheels becomes firmly locked in rut, then, whon the engine is speeded up with the clutch engaged, it is very difficult
extricate the car, because the power is diverted to the other wheel, which spins ineffectively, no turning effect being applied to the locked wheel.
There is a tendency for the same thing to happen whenever one of the wheels has a less secure grip than the other one. For example: If the accelerator pedal is suddenly depressed when ong rear wheel is on a slippery tram line, this: wheel will commence to spin, and the tail of the car la apt swing round in consequence. Then, again,
dient is really severe-Bay, steeper of the requisite clearance. Foi- the tyre once again meets the
than 1 in 8-by engaging one of the indirect gears, so increasing the engine speed and also its retarding effect.
Next, there are two ways of coast ing downward gradients, one of which consists of holding the clutch pedal against the floorboards, while In the other the gear lever is slip ped into neutral. For the inexperi enced the first plan is the safer, as by re-engaging the clutch the driver can at any time regain the braking effect of the engine. The prac- Lice is not to be recommended. however, because in the long run it results in considerable wear in the clutch-withdrawal gear and in the clutch spigot bearing.
Special care should be taken when the front brakes are of the Perrot or the Alfred and Alder type, because
to
one rear wheel hits an obstruc- tion, and temporarily leaves the road, the differential will permit it to be speeded up, so that, when ground, considerable slip occurs, These which results in tyre wear. things occur owing to the complete reversibility of the ordinary bevel type differential. Thus, it is well known that if one wheel is jacked up, it can be turned quite freely in either direction, although the other in each of these systems the operat-wheel remains stationary, turning ing gear is so arranged as to relieve the wheel which is free simply hav the inner brake and increase the ing the effect of causing the pro- pressure on the outer brake when peller shaft to rotate, while the dif corners are negotiated. Conse- ferential rolls round a stationary quently, the clearances on the near pinion. In order to meet these dis- side and off side front brakes will advantages, self-locking differen- only be equal when the front wheels als have been brought out from are placed in a straight ahead post-time to time, the object of these me- tlon. The method of adjustment chanisms being to permit a differ recommended with such brakes le ing rotation of the rear wheels when Coasting In Neutral,
jack up the front axle until both corners are negotiated, and pre- As regards the practice of des- wheels are clear of the ground, then venting the drive from being trans- zending in neutral, this is really an arwise proceeding unless the driver setting the steering on full lock. mitted to a slipping wheel in other knows the road well and is certain The brake on the inner wheel should eircumstances.
be just rubbing while the outer that its steepness does not sudden-heel should be perfectly free. ly increase. Furthermore, it is
The car can then be put on the usually found that a car is not to opposite lock and the brakes check steady or controllable when in neu-
ed again. tral.
It should hardly be necessary to mention that no driver should in- dulge in coasting. In neutral unless he is sufficiently practised to be able to carry out the operation of re- engaging top gear at an instant's notice without hesitation. It is also wise to practice engaging the other gears. at various speeds; thus, by revving the engine of the average medium-priced should be possible to engage the second gear of a three-speed box at any speed up to 30 miles per hour, so obtaining a very useful braking effect in an emergency.
car.
it
The way in which the engine acts as a brake is matter deserving-of a little additional comment. The distance covered by a light car of hbout 1Bcwt. in slowing from 30 miles per hour to 10 miles per hour can be considerably reduced if the ignition be switched off and the throttle opened wide, as compared with the distance necessary when the throttle is closed and the switch is on. The throttle wide" condi- tion corresponds with the braking obtained from the engine when an extra air valve is employed, and such a valve is very useful in hilly districts, as it prevents oil from be- ing sucked past the pistons when running in gear on a downward gradient, economises petrol, and produces a useful international cooling effect,
Engine Retardation. The braking obtained from the engine is not due to the compres sion of the gases, because, even if the switch is off, the work done on the gases during compression is al- most completely returned during the following expansion stroke. Taking the cycle step by step, when the engine is being driven by the car with the throttle practically clored, the following causes for. Its braking effect will be found. On the exhaust stroke a slight back acts against the rising pressure piston, and on the following suction stroke the piston Is retarded by the presence of a partial vacuum above it; on the compression stroke work is done on the mixture and a certain amount is lost in the form of heat, and on the expansion;stroke work is done on the piston, with, again, n' slight lose. Throughout the cycle the friction of the piston and other working parts produces a consider- able retarding effect ùpon the crank shaft.
As regards relining, It is some- times a difficult matter to know just when this should be carried out, and in any case of doubt it la safest to remove the brake drums and examine the shoes. As a rule the brakes gradually become harsher the linings wear thin, another 5 indication being the extent to which the adjustment has been taken up. Most cars of medium size should run for at least 15,000 miles before the brakes require new linings.
COMMERCIAL MOTORS-
Number 464,678 in Great
Britain.
Incidentally, it may be as well to explain here that the primary ob- ject of the differential is to allow the outer wheel to turn faster than
SATURDAY, JUNE 4, 1927.
DAILY CROSS-WORD PUZZLE.
· (This cross-word puzzle has been made by an expert but our readers are warned to look out for occasional phonetic spellings, ‘such as harbor, plow, and altho.)
12
T
25
16
110
11.
15
[16
19
120
25
29
30
1483
09
50
392
15.3
54
ES
156
57
58
159
160
162
65
HORIZONTAL 1-To confound or
bewilder
5-A burning stick d-in gamen, a goal 11-Fres of open space 12-On 14-Pontessive pronoun 14-A head covering 17-Cen. Btate of U. 8.
(abbr)
18-To sip 20-Musical rattle used In worship of tals 22-"To fanton
~A Jagged.
grotuberance
26-To sting 26-A land measura 27-Chopping tool 20-Holiday 3D-Kinge (abbr.) 31-Partaining to
ancient Illum 33-A Now England
State (abbr.) 34-To keep away 35-Doalla 38-Preposition 37-To yield
respectfully
39-Like 41-Greedy 42-Hurried
.45-On the top
©THE INTERNATIONAL SYNDICATE.
| HORIZONTAL (Dont) 46-Equri
1
48-To'draw earth
about or avor 50-Prefix. By 61-Protection |63-A grassy flaid |56-"Hĩa sepultum"
(abbr) 87-Girl's name.. 58-Excitement (60-8uffix Like
81-Inclines the head 52-A seaport, N. W.
Algeria 64-To condescend 55-Former name of
Tokyo
VERTICAL 1-To accumulate 2-Interjection
-Combining for.
Animat 4-Australian bird (pl.) 8-Sudden activity or
prosperity -Light pols
7-Exist B-An Idler |10-A Najsa navigator
11-Rabble
| 18-Large ocean flah
15-8aints (abbr)
16-A Uima-poriad
(abbr)
VERTICAL (Cont.) 17-Very small amount 10-Send away
21-A motor vehicle
(short)
|22-Quintaasenda
24-Fabulous animat.
half lon, half eagle |25-Unworthy of 27-A small tree 28-Consumed
St-India (poet.)
132-A wheeled vehicle
36-At and
:
138~To to (ppot.) 140-To tarnish
41–The bleda (Latin) |44-An exoUER 46-A Jewish priestly
vestment 46-Postasalva pronoun
47-Combining form.
Eight
soft
45-8low (Mus.) 51-Fine plumaga |52–A musical note |63-A division of
Canada (abbr) 54–Bamm as "serfa” 67-To tond a dia for
cheating
[59–A rea (Scet.) (61-Prefix. Two
02-No data" (abbr)`
(The solution of the above cross-word puzzle will appear in Monday's issue along with a new cross-word puzzle.)
the inner wheel when the car is negotiating a turn, this provision being necessary to avoid the tyre slip which would otherwise occur owing to the fact that the outer wheel is covering a greater dis- The tance than the inner wheel. diveralan of power to the wheel which has the least grip is merely the teeth is such that the pinions an effect arising from the construc- will roll round the crown. wheel tion adopted for the ordinary dif- quite readily. Their angles and ferential, and serves no useful pur- profiles, however, are so calculated pose. Indeed, as has been already and arranged that a self-locking. pointed out, it has very definite dis effect is obtained. In other words, advantages.
although, when a corner is being negotiated, one rear wheel is allow- ed to travel faster than the other' rear wheel, the axle behaves as a solid one in all other circumstances. This, it is claimed, can readily be proved by jacking up one rear wheel of a car fitted with a Scurlock differential. If the engine be start- ed, and the gear engaged, instead of the raised wheel spinning freely, it will be found that the drive is conveyed to the wheel resting on the ground, so that the car moves off the jack. This important pro- party makes it possible to extricate
In spite of the fact that aeveral successful self-locking differentials have been produced they have never met with any great degree of popu- larity, for various reasons. As a rule, they have proved expensive to construct, and very frequently they necessitated a special form of axle design, Involving so great a change The census of all types of motor in methods of production as to be vehicle in use in Great Britain unsuitable from the manufacturing (England, Wales and Scotland), standpoint. One device of this taking September 30 last as a very kind which was used to a consider suitable date, shows the astonishable extent was known as the M. ing figure of 464,678 vehicles en- and S. differential, and was fitted as gaged in the transport of goods or standard to the Quad tractor, an The American machine used to a con- of passengers for profit. figures are more or less official; that siderable extent during the war for This mechanism is to say, the official registration de hauling guns.
worked very well, but was subject to tails have formed the basis for fairly close estimate, the following the disadvantages already describ short table, compiled by "The Com-ed, L.e., was not very easy to make
giving mercial Motor,"
actual and could not readily be applied to figures in five of the categories and existing chassie, an estimate in the othera where round figures are used:- Goods vehicles;- Internal-combus-
tion engines Steam-driven Electrically-pro- pelled ...
Taxed on horse-
power Motorcycles Licensed as hack- ney carriages, but used primar- lly for goods...
247,884 9,186
603
257,173
68,000 25,000
10,000
Road locomotives and trac-
tora ... Fire-engines ambulances,
etc.
Hackney carriages (10,000 having been transferred to the goods category)..
MA'AM.
One of the joint inventors of the M. and S. differential is a Mr. Scur lock, who has for many years been Interested in this problem; and .he kas now brought out new differential gear
of the self-locking type, which
is simple in design, and can be fit 'ted without altering the shape of arrangement of the differential cage. There are two crown wheels, fitted to the cross shafte driving the rear wheels in the ordinary way, and between these are fitted either three or four pinions mounted on a spider secured to the differential eage, and driven by the final drive. The layout, in fact, resembles that of the ordinary type of differential in every way, but for the fact that, instead of employing straight hevel teeth, spiral teeth of a Decu- Har shape are used. These teeth give the pinions. the appearance of worms, while, on. the face of each erown wheel, the mating teeth are 90,835 of a spiral form.
960,178
3,070
10,000
An examination of the parts of 464,679 the gear shows that the shape.of
BRINGING UP FATHER.
GOOD NIGHT
MUST WRITE A FEW LETTERS!
YESTERDAY'S SOLUTION.
|GIE!
ICAT-GIRT_OI SHUTS LT FUND}}
GEBO SACS E O USER GNAT WARTS BE STIF ERYE SAGO ELL SN. DEPRAVED AED YONDER [SCO RIEBIOREP| HAZE TART
the car if one wheel has become also claimed that read holding in Armly embedded in a rut; further-general, braking and cornering arc more, it makes skidding much less all improved by a differential of likely, and reduces tyre wear. It is this kind.
Storage Space Available..
REPAIRS & OVERHAULS
PROMPT
At Reduced Rates
AND-
CAREFUL
ATTENTION
TO ALL YOUR REQUIREMENTS.
DAY & NIGHT HIRE SERVICE.
Liberal Discounts On Tyres & Tubes
Stocks Always On Hand,
THE DURO MOTOR COMPANY, LTD.
Tels: K. 12z6 & 226.
Nathan Road, Kowloon
GOOD 'NICHT
AH! THIS LANTERN
AS A GOOD
IDEA!
I HOPE DON'T SPILL
ANYE
are invited to inspect our Stock of Asiatic, Foreign and Colonial
POSTAGE STAMPS
IN BETS, SINGLE PACKETS, BAGS AND IN: APPROVAL SHEETS.
GRACA & CO.
DEALERS IN POSTAGE STAMPS, PHILATELIC GOODS, PICTURE: POST CARDS, TOYS, &C."
No 10%Wyndham Street, P.0, Bax No. 620 1 - Hong Kong
OH' DADDY- WE ARE SO GLAD YOU CAME HOME: WE WERE! WORRIED!
YES-ITS ABOUTA
TIME. YOU GOT IN:
WHY ARE YOU
CARRYING A LANTERN?
(T'S THE CUSTOM HERE IN JAPAN AT -NIGHT- MAGGIE
DARLIN'
#927)
Gross, Befalls. rights