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THE LEAGUE, COUNCIL.
CHINA AND THE QUESTION OF ENLARGEMENT.
THE CHINA MAIL.
Mr. Chao-Hain Chu, Chinese Minister in Rome, at the meeting of the Committee which le studying the question of the composition of the Council of the League of Nations, at Geneva, on May 10,, said:
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owning such rich literature, such lengthy history, and such tradi- tional culture," to claim "an equa) footing of the great Powers of the world,
To Surprise, the World. From every aspect China is a
cation for a permanent seat on the Council. China's demand for a permanent seat basea on various I have the courage of aspects. speaking on behalf of Chipa be cause I am confident that I can convince the Committee. I was a lawyer, and during the time of seat Power and is entitled to n practising law at Poking I very permanent seat on the Executive seldom lost, a case because I only body of this international organisa- accepted those cases which I knew tion. We have nothing inferior to were likely to win. Now China's other Powers, except perhaps in the case, which I have the honour to line of military force. But we are. present to the Committee, is a very, handicapped in this line only for Chini, is in favour of the enlarge, convincing one.. I hope the less the time. being. In fact, we now ment of the Council of the League here will give it a hearing with have modern arms and munitions. of Nations, Some people thought Broadmindedness and, in the Hight Wo have one and one-half million that it would not be easy for the of justice. From the geographical soldiers, and when some day they Council to obtain unanimity on all aspect China's qualification to be a lay down their arma and cease. its resolutions if its membership permanent member of the Council struggling over intornal differences Increased. But I do not think it is,
Let unquestionable.
China will at once be classifed in 'makes much difference whether the | have the map of the world the category of great milltary! Council has ten members or fifteen here by imagination; you will find Powers. Even now our men are as to the way of acquiring unani China lies on the East Hemisphere, fighting in 15 feld for political, mity. The presunt ten members of occupying a large part of the con- supremacy at home, but the men- the Council have not been always tinent of Asia. If the League hastality of the Chinese people able, to acquire unanimity from, the its own map, you will find the colour generally is that there is not much. past experience.. The question, of a China's territory makes up, a disadvantage in such Aghting, whether the Council is workable or good part of it. As a matter of which is but a manoeuvre of in- unworkable does not always depend fact, China is almost as large as experienced soldiers who are being upon the number of its membership. Europe as a whole. "I can name trained for national defence in the There may be some relative rea- # province in China which is near future. Confucius taught sons, but no absolute reasons. as large as any large country that brothers might fight each We must
remember that the In Europe. The population of other within the walk yet they? League is an organisation repre. China is also the largest in the should be united for external de- sented by all continents, so WR world: we have one-quarter of the fence. In view of these facts, you must give sufficient representation total population of the world. will see that China will some day in its executive body, not only to They are real human beings-surprise the world, and she claims any one particular continent, but to peace-loving peuple. They are her right to be on an equal foot- all parts of the world. With recivilised elements. In view of the ing not only as a great economie gard to the method of allocating size of the country and the num-power, but as a great military seats on the Council, China has in-ber of its inhabitants no nation in power as well. The Chinese in- sisted upon the observance of the the world is better qualified than tellectiual class, however, hold the geographical principle. "A recom- China to claim a permanent seat on strong view that militarism should mendation in this regard was pro-the Council of the League of Nuin no-wise be encouraged. China posed by the Chinese Delegation tons. From the economic aspert has been known as country of and passed unanimously by the China is also justified is asking for civilisation; she has her own na- Second Assembly. Such resolution
permanent seat on the Counctional and traditional characteris- has been annually repeated by the China's natural resources are very ties, which have enabled her to live Chinese Delegation and reaffirmed ch, their supply is almost unfor many thousands of years. and, by the Assemblies up to 1925.
Fimited.
Take, for instance. the need not depend upon military am glad to hear the valuable coal mines in the province of strength as a means of existence. opinion of Mr. Bencour, who hashasi According to a well- Mencinя anys: "The ablest war emphasised the geographical prin-Enown geologist, Shansi alone can rior deserves capital punishment." ciple. At present there are four supply the whole world with coal From the standpoint of interna- permanent seats and six non-pers for 4,000 years. This is no ex-tional polities, China occupies a manent, of which Europe, occupies
ggeration. Many other economic very important geographical post- seven. Aala is represented on the potentialities of similar character tion in the Far East, and holds the Council by only one permanent scat.
can be enumerated; When China's key, of the peace of the world. Ler South Ameries has only two nonwealth is opened up it" will not me read to you the fourth para- permanent beats. while North
merely benefit China alone; it will graph of article 4 of the Covenant America and Africa have one make a great contribution economi-of the League of Nations: whatsoever. I dare say the Council cally to the whole world. Further "The Council may deal at ita is now not proportionally represent-
mere, China, is a great interna-meetings with any matter within ed by the world us a whole. If we
tional market. Qur door is kept the sphere of action of the League want to make the League a "real
open for commercial intercourse.or affecting the peace of the League of all Nations, we must
Our consumption of a very great [[world.” have the Council universally repre-
From this we should be con- sented and properly composed. quantity of foreign goods has bene-
many industrial nations ofvinced that since the Council ia in anyone. deny a position to deal with matters the world. Can China's claim for equal footing affecting the peace of the world, a with the great Powers in view of permanent scat on the Council its economic potentialities! From could not be better given than to the aspect of ancient civilisation, a nation whose exjating internas China is a worthy candidate for tional condition might be developed Dermanent menbership of the to such an extent as to endanger Council. We can trace back our the peach of the world. In con- clusion, may I appeal to you for
This is the great taak of our Com- mittee, which. I hope, will be able to work out a satisfactory solution. We all agree that some scute on the Counal should be increased. 讃嘆きが opinion just a little different from that expressed by the other
members of the Committee on the
point that the Council should not
Ated
civilisation very clearly for 4,000 years.
she
only increase its non-permanent
We had a great teacher of favourable consideration of the seats. but permanent seats as well. As to how many permanent seats morality and ethics who lived 2,000 application of China. China's co- ard to be increased, I will offer my
years ago, namely. Confucius. We operation with the "world is most humble opinion when this question had a great number of ancient important. China's co-operation. is open to discussion, later on. We philosophers whose advocacy of with the League is therefore essen-
What various doctrines even cover the tially desirable.
China' all observe frem article 4 of the Covenant that only great Powers whole field of modern philosophy. claims is not merely the honour are qualined to be admitted as per-We are proud of having the largest of being put on an equal footing
the great Powers: manent members of the Council. encyclopedia in the world, which with Now, may we ascertain what is the contains hundreds of thousands of cherishes the hope that she can qualification ke A great Power? volumek.
This encyclopædia was play an important part in the Can anyone here give a definition compiled by the Imperial House of activities of the League of Nations, of a great Power I presume the the Ching dynasty. Originally which is looked upon by the world people in general say that those there were in manuscript only four as a guarantor of peace and a With recognised as grens Powers are by sets, completed and displayed at saviour of civilisation. reason of their military strength, the old Imperial libraries The China as a permanent member of 1. myself brought this question at great work la now in process of the Council, the League's scope the extraordinary Assembly in being electrotyped, and, when will be enlarged, and the League's March that to consider a nation as finished, it will be the most approprestige will be accordingly in- great Power we should take intorriate gift. China can make to the creased. The Council has nothing account its economic potentialities League of Nattoria for the purpose to lose, but every chance to gain, by, and geographical position. With of international intellectual" co-adding a great Power like China as regard to allocation of the non-operation. I have this in my mind, its permanent member. Finally, I pernianent seats, I agree whole- and will propose to my Government wish to inform the Committee that heartedly with Lord Cecil that we that such gift be made. But the China put forward her claim for s should soon carry out the system League's library must be extended, permanent seat on the. Council by of rotation. I hope the rotation since the present library is just following suit with other Powers for which is going to be enacted will about big enough to contain one set who had put forward claims be a reasonable one, acceptable by of the Chinese encyclopedia.similar reasons. Acting under the all the members concerned. I sup- China has also made many con-instructions of the Chinese Govern- -port-Mr-Bonçouris-proposal-that--tribution to modern civilisationment must now make a declara the Council should be divided into For instance, gunpowder and the tion that if the Committee unani- sections according to geographical compass were Chinese inventions meusly decides that only one per- interests.
in ancient times. But allow me to manent seat on the Council is to make it clear that China invented be granted to Germany alone, gunpowder for scientific purposes, China will be quite willing to with- not for warfare, and the comp es:draw her claim in the spirit of for the beneft of tranquil traffic, preserving the harmony of this in- having no intention whatsoever for ternational gathering, provided, the its use on warships, aeroplanes and similar claims of other Powers are submarines. No one can say that also withdrawn.-C. E. and Tele- it is not justifiable for a nation { graph."-
China's Cnse.
Mr. Chuo-Hain Chu, again ad- dressing the Committee on May 14, said:
First of all, I wish to thank the Committle for giving me an oppor 'tunity in presenting China's appli-
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