FRIDAY, MAY 22, 1925.
MODERN PSYCHOLOGY & EDUCATION.
(Special Article by A. G. Fritz Prow.)
The recent controversy. over the matter of appointing trained teachers from Home, and, the amount of correspondent in the local papers, have done a great deal to arouse the interest of the public in matters educa- It seems that those who argued most, knew least: the complaints were like the screamings of the proverbial parrot.
tional.
་
BELL BOY 13"
A SCREEN THRILL.
THE CHINA MAIL.
THEOSOPHY.
THE BROTHERHOOD OF RELIGIONS
TCHEHOV'S NOVEL.
MALTREATED NEWSPAPE
SERIAL.
and
his pupils.
He cannot look beyond his nose.. "His subject," "as DonglamMacLean, who appears Thring puts it, is not the pupil, as a bundsome young bell hop in At last Wednesday's Public
The first and only novel by but the curriculum." A teacher Bell Boy 13, now opening at Meeting of the Hongkong Lodge Anton Tahehov, hitherto unknown, of this type will cram his children the Queen's Theatre, says that be The Theosophical Society, lecture The Tragedy during the Hunt,
no got one of the biggest thrills of was given on "The Brotherhood has just been issued by the Paul for examination purposes, matter by what means, so long as his movie career when he had to of Religions" The Lecturer said Zsolnay Verlag in a Gaumen trans he "drives" something into them, climb out on a window ledge twelve in briefs-Each religion is a Divine lation. Tobebor wrote the story in He, moreover, takes enormous storeys high for one of the scenes Message to the world, based on the bis twenty-fourth year. Originally same fundamental truths, pro- it appeared in 1884 and 1886 in a pride in telling you that he has by in the picture.
In addition to the fact that the claiming always the same change little Moscow journal; but it treat- a process, wholly unscientific, made his boys learn so much and ledge was none too wide and was less moral law. Each of these ed the work
badly leaving, so much, all of which is forgotten over one of San Francisco's busiest Divine Messages contains another for instance & month's, intervid the moment after the last line is stregts, MacLean had to carry a aspect of the Truth, of Divine between one instalment written in their examinations.. pitelier of jor-water in one hand Perfection, and develops and the next Many alterations And if you have the good for-as he felt his way along the ledge laye particular stress on those were also demanded to, which It is my purpose here to deal tune of seeing him teach, you will from one window to the next. He qualities which the world or certain Tebehov
would not agree, and with the hearings of modern
see him stroll into a class; com admits that his hand shook as nations needed most in their parti finally be
eliminated whole psychology on educational theory and practice. In doing so, I shall murd his poor pupils with a kind het along, that ho spilled cular phases of growth. All the chapters. Later ho lost all interest of Prussian arrogance, to get out every drop of water in the pitcher great faiths of the world, Hinduism, in the technique of novel writing have to trace the development of their books and take down his and a man ou the street below put Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Christ in general, and with the exception, education from primitive times.
notes from dictation. In this his umbrella, thinking that if ianity, Isla, etc. are branches of of his plays devoted himself entire and further to describe and com-
the one Tree of Life, the One ly to the writing of the short story. ment upon training Institutions subject under the sun. But the
manner he will teach any earthly as mining.
The scene in one of the big Religion-the direct knowledge Curiously enough, Tochchor never old and new..
laughs of the fance, said to be one of God the Religion of the mentioned his novel in his numer The ordinary man in the stres irony of it all is that these notes. For the cloverest ever screened, but Divine Wisdom. Religions use ons letiers or in conversation,
professedly "cribbed" from some out-of-print was used as he looks in the object the helping of
own MacLeart says that he actually many methods, but all have one The story is told by an examin- edition which he has managed to
maning magistrate, who lives in the dig up out of some second land pieture and that he can't look out through purification to perfection. country somewhere in Russia, and common, they differ merely in The magistrate, who out of sheer able to discover. In the same
day without getting dizzy. way he will teach science without
details and by the particular as boredom joins in the drinking pects of the basic truth brought bouts of a degenerate squire, muat out more prominently in each, and witness how two women fall a prey ctual demonstrations ur experi-
A dear old lady entered chemist's upon the common platform of all to the squire. During a hanb one ments, or give a lesson on his
without hop and looked doubtfully at the religions ever sinod and now of the women is, shot. try and geography
the stand in fraternal concord and course of the narrative it gradually pictures or maps. Yet he is a youthful assistant behind so-called "essentially
amity the Hierophants and eso dawns on the reader that the and experienced teacher."
practicalter
[*] suppose," she said, "you areteric Initiates of the world's
magistrate, who dexterously man- properly qualified chemist ?".
great Faiths.. In the older ' ', IIT), His idea of an education for his
world with its national religions weges to phice the Huspicion on an "You
have passed all
see the great rarity of religious cent person is himself the boy is not unlike that of the heaven ever suffered to crawl Examinations?**
The "man of one nation
mupslerer. upon this earth. He is chokinga fan never poisoned
"Certainly!"
had no wish to convert the man of ap his boys instincts of self-body by mistake? he is. reducing his pupils to a activity and desire for expression, i passive, state of receptivity.
и
usually looks upon new ideals and fresh ideas with an LLL of suspicion. He fondly believes in some imaginary "good old times"
his
to which we all must return. ftore, and which no one will be/of a twelfth storey, window, nowa Allhaving the essential truths in has to clear up a maunler case.
we are not now living in some better and happier age. All he wants is that his boy or girl shall go to school where his teachers will "learn him" as they say, and ply his books diligently to the end that he may attain knowledge useful when he "grows big" and make money.
Grammarian of Browning,
"This man decided not to Live but to Know."
In primitive times, the savage had little to do but to hunt for fool and seek shelter. As time
wort
on and families formed themselves into tribes, life was nou so simple. The young had to be educated in the ways and cus- tons of their tribes, hence arose
The mure up-to-date teacher will fook upon this fellow as the most pernicious type of 'educator↓
wanted.
Не
1
your
any
Noï to my kitenwledge,"
Very well, then you can Eile an dance of congh" drops,
1
give
wars.
splendid declaration
the
of Shri
men
ap-
grows up this instinct does not every side is Mine." It was the them, for the path men take from exist. There would be no neces-claim of supremacy by one religion sity for it. The Kindergarten and the declaration of its being seeks to do this and much more. the only true religion, the only
CHINESE STUDENTS AND
•
In the
reason
own
another nation. There was no lack and so also a religion can only of brotherly feeling amongst the religions and their different schools show forth some aspects of that of thought: In Ancient Rome all myriad faced Existence. Let the ereeds were welcomed, all religions Christian teach what he has to Locke, who said the child's mind a faithful disciple of John
respected, even honoured. In the teach. but let no one refuse to as a blank page upon which the
Pantheon of Rone the symbols of learn from his brother in Buddhism, every religion of its subject nations.1 Hinduism, or of any other teacher was to inscribe what he introduced Kindergarten schools were found reverently enshrined. faith, for each has something half a century ago, there would be We see that the elder world was to learn, and something also Now what about the teacher little or a class of teachers or scribes call with his equipment of modern to-day.
no bloodshed in China thoroughly
to the permeated by
teach, The liberal idea that religion wain why the religions should not davi who ministered unto the
psychology. He is, to say the people and tended to their child-least, far superior to his ill-based upon the ideas of Froebel, which none had the right to inter-religion are common property and A brief study of Kindergartens personal or national affair, with quarrel is that the great truths of ren. Here we get the beginnings equipped partner. Coffeaching in the hands of the
He does not Madame Montessori and others fere. God was everywhere. He do not belong exclusively to any treat the minds of his pupils as would snon bear out my state was in everything, what mattered one Faith. That is why nothing clergy, who largely forsook the
mere mechanisms to be worked ment. There just this reason, the form in which He was adored? vital is gained by changing from pleasures of mankind, and eared upon. in rather as organisms that psychologists have realised He was the one unseen eternal one religion to another. You do In the time of Early Greece atent power to be developed along instincts by a little for any pecuniary benefits, which have immense stores, of the futility of suppressing child Being, with many names, what not need to travel over the whole process called mattered, the sille by which field of the religions of the world Sparta and Rome, the charge of the right directions by certain "suppression and that if a boy is He was invoked? The watch in order to find the water of truth. children was given over to certain principles and not "methods" of to be a normally healthy being, he Word of the religious liberty of the Dig in the field of your accomplished slaves, hence we get teaching.
religion, and go deeper and the very lowly origin of the teach having studied the child-mind pugnacious instine,
He will realise after must have an outlet for his elder world rings out in
deeper, till you find the spring of ing profession.
expecially Krishna: "However
the water of life gushing up, pure that the basis of all learning is along lines which will not require When Christian thought spread not passivity hut activity, and he suppression, so that when heproach Me, even so do I welcome and full Four special lines of over Europe, education of the seeks by his principles of teach
religious truths, they are: common study may be followed to establish young was still in the hands of the ing to allow his pupils as far ar
Symbols, common Doctrines; com the fact of the universality-of clergy and nothing was taught possible, to learn along the latter except that which was tinged with line. religious dogmu. In the He will endeavour, with his
mop Stories; common Morals. eighteenth and nineteenth cen psychological Insight and with!
Inspired, the claim that they alone Everywhere in temples, tombs turies when people began to the results arrived at by other
were right and all others wrong, and other buildings of dead realise the important place of experimenters on education, to in- some awe, and not a little admira- which had hitherio lived in peace symbols are found. That
The West usually looks with and its attacking the other religions and living religions the same elucation in a nation's welfare, troduce such types of teaching, tion at the wonderful capacity of side by side, which gave birth to world as a religious symbol long there arose a set of experimenters compatible with
was used all over modern re the East for memorising. Whethe terrible religious persecutions before the time of Jesus the Christ, who tried new methods and searches into the regions of both ther this is a useful asset or not in the name of the Lord of chemes for educating the young. the conscious and sub-conscious of is disputable; the reason being Love of which we read in the is a matter not for argument bot Coupled with this was the respon- the child-mind. sibility taken by the State in
that it is cultivated at the expense history of the Church. Islam for ordinary reading. The Cross Knowing this, he will see how of the reason. But of course, it caught from Christianity tho educational matters, and once the futile it is to produce a "ype is the outcome of their method of deadly
is the symbol of immortal life, of State was interested it encourag suitable only for examination learning Chinese.
disease of religious the triumph of life over death. ed teachers, not necessarily the purposes but for little else.
This system persecution and antagonism. InThere are a vast number of other clergy, it offered, as inducements, will cultivate the individuality in more, most ruinous upon the Empire rang out in the cries of the God and Nature. Symbolism is He of learning is, to say nothing India the doom of the Mogul common symbols, which all tell the everlasting truths concerning. grants depending on the success each of his pupils and produce in mind. The result is that they and there as in Spain it resulted the common language, and no of their pupils at certain examina- the long run an attitude towards learn everything off by heart even in political disaster. The religion which uses it-and all use tions or inspections. At this problems immediate and future English composition. This is why multiplicity of religious beliefs it can claim to be unique. As to jueture arose training colleges, such
as the old system could Grammar appeals to them so would be an advantage, not injury Common Doctrines, we find that whose purpose is to train teachers never bestow. Preording to 'certain fixed It may be asserted that this
to religion. Each religion speaks the fundamental verities on which methods, mostly fundamentally teacher is all very well socially, these defects in learning can easi- God, the one without a second.
A psychological remedy for one latter of the great Name of each religion is built form a com- wrong psychologically...
mon basic structure. These com but what about his ideas of class-ly be found. Here it is.
It is God is so great, so illimitable; that mon Doctrines are:-The Unity of can express His infinite perfection, Hierarchies and their worlds; the festation, the superphysical
Nature of Man; Sia Evolution; "MY FROAT AND MY
the great Laws. There are others, TUMMY"
but these are the most important. Besides their common Stories That sublime morality is a common we find their common Ethics possession of the World Religions.
"
much.
MEMORIZATION.
those engaged in teaching foreign languages in the West.
If a system could be evolved whereby Chinese characters are learnt by associating words with
dying slaughtered for their faith,
cross
the. the
The teacher now had his own teaching.. Well, here by his ideals the same problem. as is facing no one religion, however perfect. God; the Trinity of divine mani- profession; he was no longer of necessity a member of any specific church: and he did not, as before, give his services free in the hopes of being rewarded in the next world. We have therefore to-day colleges for the training of teachers, just as there are colleges for medicine and engineering.
TRAINING COLLEGES AND PSYCHOLOGY.
་
"
"Mary Teachers' Training Colleges....are good. Many are bad. The former rely mainly on, modern psychology, the latter class mainly on methods." Prof.
J. W..N. Smith.
Exactly. Many pupil-teachers and others usually enter colleges where they profess to be able to make anybody a teacher by grind- ing him through a considerable number of subjects, some wretch- ed rules of class-teaching, a little bit of elementary Hygiene and Physiology; all of which he gets a smattering of at the end of his course; by which time he will also have done some hours of laborious teaching based on the set methods laid down in his textbooks of school-methad,
In order to secure his certificate he is required to pass in all sorts of subjects; reproduce many of the impracticable rules in his method-book and prepare a few. specimen lessons, largely based upon the Five-formal Steps of Herbart, His success at this! examination, apart from his superficial knowledge of umpteen subjecta, was in proportion to his ability to abide by the matter, steps, lestions, etc., already set -down upon the lesser notes hande ed to his examiner.
Such a training as this cannot but produce the most disastrous effects both upon the teacher and
acquired through having a cul- tured mind, he puts into practice all he has in him. He will, for instance, teach arithmetic, not as a matter of mere figures on a black-board, as the teacher train- objects, and Chinese composition there fanny, little medicines, said a "My frost and my tammy do like ed on "school-methods" would, but made creative, there would be small Cheshire boy of 3 to his mother. make sums living parts of his little or no necessity for memor- and the "funny little medicined he pupils' lives. The many ways ization on such
a large scale..poke of ware Baby's in Tablets, the is a fact too well established to how he could do this and a
This is the principle of Associa. Canadian children's remedy. variety of novelties he could intro- tion."
These Tablets are popular with child. need argument. These common and take the place :f Caster Uil and all headings of Returning Good for ren because they are plesant in taste Ethics.could be grouped under the
other nause ting, griving luxati-e-. || Evil, further Humility and Tender- They are equally harmless and helpfulness, and of Righteousness being. ch ld of years and more. Ed
duce into his teaching, I need not the idea put into practice.
It would be interesting to see dwell upon.
KINDERGARTENS IN CHINA.
Where psychology has influenc-
*
to
ed systems of teaching more than ly to tradition, because the search troubled with their stomache and towel be given from the scriptures of all To refuse to try, to stick blind. The youngest baby in arme as to the more Important than Fora A Bierly babina little cons who are great number of quotations could education of young children in mentation in the region of the who have worms. are feverish, or canous common Ethics. The heavenly anywhere else is perhaps in the for the truth involves experi-whose teet log in paintal, eigestion bad, the great Faiths in support of their Kindergartens. It is perhaps unknown, is to refuse the only sleep well-mar. be made healthy and root of all religions is Wisdom not too much to say that if China step which can introduce rational happy by Baby's Own Tablets. Obtain not falth, not belief, not bope, but had secured the services of a few conviction into education.
the knowledge of God which is Eternal Life.
eminent psychologist and had
-PROF. JOHN DEWEY.
able from chemists or pet res 40 seats the vial, from Dr. Williams Medizine Co., 16u Kianges Road, Shanghai.".
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