CORRESPONDENCE.
Hongkong Education.
(To the Editor of the China Mail),
11
Honours men are all very well; but remember that they could just as well have taken course in education during their University career if they really intended to enter the teaching profession.
75 YEAR LEASES.
THE CHINA MAIL.
GOVERNMENT'S POLICY ANNOUNCED.
HON. MR. BIRD'S QUERY.
Sir,-A correspondent in your
At the Legislative Council to- paper last week expressed the wish to hear my views with
I should very much like to know day, the Hon. Mr. H. W. Bird regard to the discussion concerested" hases his statements, sade
en what grounds, if any, "Inter-asked, pursuant to notice: ing the superiority of those
generalisations, sans specialisa- teachers possessing a Diploma in Education.
Yours, etc.,
Hongkong, May 19:
The question arose from a Board of Education discussion concerning an Oxford Honours Graduate recently appointed to this Colony,
My view, if you wish to have it, is as follows:
tion.
"QUERIST."
Daylight Saving.
To the Editor of the China Mail).
(1) No person, even of the highest mental and physical since the arguments for the Sie. I have had it put to me, attainments, cannot become institution of a daylight saving more efficient teacher by meals scheme were revived in your of a good Teachers Training columns, that we as a Colony Course. Likewise there is one do not work by the clock but as of the rest whose futility and harmfulness might not be
the ships and jobs turn up. AR mitigated by such an experi-.
une who has had some little ence. Many Teachers Colleges would be most affected I hold that | experience in businesses, which in England and elsewhere, are good. Many are bad. The this and other neighbouring ports, even an hour's difference between former class rely mainly would not make enough difference modern psychology, the latter mainly on methods."
in market conditions. to outweigh (2) An Oxford
the advantages but there could Hones Graduate, with or without a surely be little objection to half tenching certificate,, Is as likely an hour's, change... This would thechuse he has a well-trained have very little effect on the and colured mild) to prove a
markets in neighbouring ports good teacher as a gruate of and would as a matter of fact, be some minor University who is f advantage as regards business done with Britain in that cables possesses a diploma. Neglect of this fact is responsible for despatched from here at 5 or 6 much that is at fault in British gelock often do not arrive at Colonial Education.
present in tinte fer them to be. Feplied to the same day.
SPORT CABLE. LOCAL & GENERAL.
ANOTHER RECORD. MURCHISON'S SPEED IN
MANILA.
(Courtesy of the Daily Bulletin.)
Whether, in view of the fact that many Crown Leuses (par-
MANILA, May 13 ticularly in Kowloon) which Loren Murchison ran 180 metres are for 75 years only, with noin 19 4/5 secs, which constitutes a right of renewal, are now new world's record, If the time by rapidly running out and have the Philippines Amateur Athletle cither already reached or soon Association is recognised. will reach a point at which
Murchison and Paddock made they can no longer be satisfac-new records in Shanghai and torily dealt with either bypassed through Hongkong last sale or mortgage for the pur-week, en route to Manila. pose of schemes of improve- ment or development which are not only desirable, but from a public point of view advan
UNPARALLELED."
RAMP.".
|
The fees collected in respect of "China" companies last year amounted to $13,759.93, and those in respect of other companies to $22,012.70.
There were no dealings last. year in land belonging to the War Department which necessitated any record in the annual report of the Land Office.
1924 by the Supreme Court by The total sum collected during way of fees and commission amounted to $89,624.99 as against $69,955.20 in the previous year.
من
THURSDAY,
MAY 14, 1925.
LOCAL SPORT.
BETTER STILL
YESTERDAY'S THRILLING
TENNIS.
ROUSING EXHIBITION,
HONGKUNG BEATEN BUT NOT DISUBAUED.
ia
ap-
in which he manoeuvred Snodgrass about and then took a point by driving as hard as he could into the right hand corner. Snodgrass was not out merely to return these shota; he attempted to drive back but was more, ofter beaten than not, By placing to alternate corners, Honda often worked his way up to the net and then won by sound volleying and shots which might be described To-day's matches, commencing as pulls and glances." Good court- 4.10 p.m., on the 1.5.0.0. stands his backhand was, this was the vulnerable part in the present Howard Kinsey v. Captain champion a gume and in this respect 'Callaghan (best of three sets)he lost Snodgrues was also much. followed by Deposits of the total value of Snodgrass v. Ng Sze-kwong and standing fairly close in and keeping
Robert G. Kinsey and Harvey will the American's deliveries by "
superior at service but Florida dealt $3,700,000.00 have been made by Dr. R. E. Tottenhum tbest of five his racket almost level with the Insurance Companies under the Exete Fire and Marine Insurance Com- panies Deposit Ordinance, 1917.
ground, in line with his forearm. GLIMPSES OF‘REAL FORM.
Forced to run a good deal, Honda tageous, the Government will WIELE CASE "MONUMENTAL
Long before the exhibition The Director of the Royal
matches were due to start yester
sometimes got his own back by at an early date indicate its
Observatory states in his annually, all the seats in the stand bad leaving Snodgrass standing. policy with regard to the terms
report that the Marvin compensat- been booked and the spectators on for retaining the lead in the first set All credit must be given to Honda on which it will be prepared to SEPHEW'S ALLEGATIONS, ed syphon barometer has worked the ropes were standing six deep till the score read. 7 games to 5 in renew such lenses either at or
satisfactorily.
Glimpses of what the Kinsey his favour. before the date of expiry? Explaining the position of his
brothers can do in tennis doubles vice and each won alternately He opened the ser The Colonial Secretary replied client in the Million Dollar Will
Except in cases where there Case" this morning Mr. F. C. covered by the Supreme Court the splendid fight put up by Hong was content to wait for opportuni- The debts and damages re-and Snodgrass's best at singles, and while serving) till 7 all. Honda is reason to anticipate that land Jenkin suggested that the true in last year amounted to $1,432,883.86 kong's representatives were the ties to send over his forehand drive. will be required for a public ptation of what had been said as against $1,550,436.35. The fees features of the best tennis seen here. When he did get them over here purpose. It is proposed to grand the chefendunt (former Civil collected amounted to $14,642.95 Devotees of the game found quite mine on the offensive fill the point to applicants a new lense fortovernor of Kwantung) handed as against $12,166.40 in 1923.
a lot to keur. seventy-five years at the cur-over Hongkong, and Shanghai Bank
As que experienced was over and he generally won. rent rate of Crown rent for the arts to the plaintiff was you are
player observed, combination The Hongkong Post Office has doubles play cum.be brought to
Snodgrass exploited his hefty chop particular locality, renewable itel to $10,000 under your participated in the United States pitch hitherto unapproached here to the net, but Honda was
and with uncanny placing advanced for a further period of seventy-grandfather's will; I have not that TransContinental Air Mail Service and when returning even a hot shot, planed for smartly passing Ins five years at
re-assessed mount, in ensh. but have the since November 19. The volume the delivery must be made so that ek had. At least four of the Crown rent, subject to a guar-approximate equivalent in scrip of of correspondence transmitted by one either gets the advantage right games had gone to dece and then antee that the land will be my own."
this servios is however insignifi-away loses the point in ring Snodgrass made an extra ellori, gave developed in a manner approved, The plaintiff is the "defendant's cant.
Rr Kinsey was still weak in by the Government, and subject phew and it is his case that the
dealing with low shots; but he glimpse of a game that he would also to a renewal fine.
dere grandlather whose pro- The number of radio-telegrams under anding between the brothers play in tip top form and won the As regards the renewal fine, pery is in question left estate in forwarded fast year was 1,270wh to advance together, when
first set by 0 games to 7. the Government will offer such long which the defendant has consisting of 107.771 words against one is to go up and the other to took the first two times of the Keeping up the pace, Snodgrass terms to individual applicants own name. The evidence given 3.409 with 40.440 words in 1973 stay mck, and the positions taken second set, in which the standard as it may think fit, having reviously he had stated at the and 12,628 were received coup in relation to one another-is of play was a shade below that of gard to the circuinstances of defendant in handing the rip over 8,066 with 98,284 words in 1923. the last set when they were plag hanged the bill about but Honda
sisting of 142,325 words as against worthy of the highest praise. In the preceding set. euch case.
The fine will be the words this is your graed
Snodgrass heavier in the base of land father's property," which has never beer developed
Mr. Jenkin subjected the plain- new Saivingpin School has been pulled out forma faz in obead of "velled up 2 all, balf of the That the top storey level of the gunst time to finish off the match again exploited his forehand drive than it will be in the rase of ill to still further cross-examination reached. and that,
26 us not to disappoint the crowd, to understand and encourag" [be in the interests of the Colony The intention is to secure the. Tie pamid stated that it was his past three months, is the gist of Flowerd demonstrated time. down and he overhit the ball or land which is fully built upon his orning in the course of which progress has been made during the satisfactory
I what they had previously displayed→
pies having gone to deuce. The Japanese player's backhand Tet him development of the land to these that there had been a division report, dated April 14, placed the art of lobbing and the drove into the net mix was 2 games best possible advantage and at property between the defendant before the Legislative Council at gemity of what appears to be the same time to obtain for the another brother of deceased in this afternoon's meeting.
Just lifting the ball back when and with Snodgrass careless, Honda Bohind again. Biding his time Government an adequate con-
41913 under which he thought they
hard pressed. Often he lobbed Sideration for its reversionary
got about half each, whereas he interest in the und under its plaintiff) was entitled to two shares Hongkong Postal Service in 1924 defensive but his strokes were such deserve both games.
The total revenue from the when he had no need to be on the up to 4 all but he did not With present tenure.
in the estate.
amounted to $754.928 25 an in that the balls just went high enough score went to 6 ull and then 6-5. visitor taking the lead, the Mr. Jenkin in the course of this crease on the previous year of to be out of reach for a smash and Snodgrass served three doubles morning's hearing termed the case $40,588.23. The Expenditure for yet the curve was not too wide to in the twelfth game Gall but he was
unparallel and alleged it was 1924 amounted to $299,568.00 which drop beyond the base-line. nothing but a monumental ramp includes transit payments to Japan
not to be denied and won 8-6. in which the plaintiff did not stand for the years 1920, 1921, 1922 and
SPECTATORS EXCITED. When serving, it was noticed alone."
Honours were about even in the that the Kinseys were always rousing rallies, and volleying duels The number of Trust Estates they faced the server, Robert would always the case, provided the ex- trying to monopolise the net. When in the doubles match which, as is Fifteen petitions of bankruptcy in the hands of the Official Trustee make it his business to advance uscitement, and yesterday's was full of were filed last year, Ave being with Trust Funds amounting to Howard would cover up, either even the spectators could not
at the end of 1923 was 20 ing their pupils to a morbid. con-
soon as the opening was made and thrills all through. Now and then tition of passive acceptance, pre-exercise if the afternoon as soon
from their shipyard in Kowloon petitions. The number of receive 45. Three trusts were wound up a drive to Tended docility, and imitative
Bay the steamer Bataan.
ing orders made was five, ineptitude. These men take pride as it is cool enough (in the sum Screw Steamer of 141 ft. in length, The vessel is a Steel Twin
the side-lines with applause before a point had. bean during the year. Six new trusts arvellous direction. Again when finished. Subdued cries of "Oh!" is dificult enough, to get in their Teodoro R. Yangco of Manila and Station building by the contractors, mer about 4.45 or 5 p.m.) and it built to the order.
"Satisfactory
The amount of were opened. progress has
it sulted them, they would both could be heard when a winning shot .commission collected was $388 06 of Messrs been made" in the new Fire 7.90 without another hour being with cargo and passengers be. East) Ltd, says the latest quarter- exercise, evening meal, etc., before intended for the Ferry Service Messrs. Trollope and Colls (Far
move up and it was very seldom dropped just outside the court. as against $68 82 in 1923.
that they were pussed. Howard Howard Kinsey was the best man
go to bed at that time to get the with a speed of 12 knots the Council this afternoon. knocked off, And a child ought to tween Manila and Bataan where; ly report laid before the Legislative annual report that Flying Officers at vide neading were at
The Director of "the Royal just as brilliant as on Tuesday on the court. Had O'Callaghan not Observatory mentions
and Robert showed more confidence suffered from moraentary lupees he In his it is surely too much to expect 2 existing and slower vessels. amount of rest necessary. Again, Bataan will replace two of the
Their would have stood out well in com- Martin and Isaacs of H.M.S. service and placing were about the purison child to remain in bed in the
with his bespectacled Peking, May 13-Pao Kual-Pegasus visited the Observatory ante us on the first day, Howard opponent, Ng Sze-kwong was not There were present at the launch ching. Tupan of the Chinese on December 1 and 12 aad kindly being easily the batter and hardly at his very best but he rose to the
hold were up and about. morning to make up for losing Mr. Pio V. Corpus representing the Eastern Railway, has arrived in furnished copies of temperature ever losing a game or his service ocenion when a special effort was une at night if the whole house owners, Jose Estrada, Arturo order to assist in the preparations observations made during four Robert's deliveries varied in speed culled for and proved a worthy
Haslett, Dand. Fraser, Edwards,
and Howard's in-swerve Corpus & Victoriano Corpus, also for the Sino-Russian Conference. Rights over Hongkong.
and partner against formidable opposi of Messrs Hall,
direction. Jack, Goodwin,Courtesy of the Daily Bulletin. Ponsford,
Snodgrass again played a force. Hyndman, Mr. and Mrs. Bailey lected by the Land Office by ed during 1924 was 39,574 #xassessing more power than some Deuce was called in the fifth game Hongkong led by a game to The number of mail recepta fui game, his chops and occasional love. Howard won on his service, Ramsay, Mendham, The total amount of fees col- cies of Hongkong origin dispatch cuts both forehand and backband 1 alt, and Hongkong than led 3-1. and Misses Pereira and Pistos stamps, exclusive of the New compared with 39.459 in 1923-an of the leading local player's killing and the score afterwards became a The vessel, gaily decorated with Territories, last <year
(3) The idew of teaching popularly held which lies behink such a discussion as this, is fundamentally wrong. The good theher is a person of wide interests, great sympathy and resource, and deep knowledge of the most recent psychological drifting into billiard rooms and developments. His vocation is
bis nupils and to rehas thuis individual faculties, so that they may teach themselves, and be fully creative; separately and socially.
The Director of Education, with whom in most matters Lam in full
This half an hour would make all the difference in making it worth while to participate in out. door recreation, instead of the pre- sent regrettable practice followed by many of us, in lieu of a better.
bars and participating in other indoor pastimes I think it would;
for such a scheme to be intro-
end,
Yours, etc.,
ANOTHER OVERWORKED. "Hongkong. May 13
the Editor of the China Mail).
agreement, stated that a man who is well qualified to teach in Eng- and is not necessarily well qual fact that a daylight saving enact- Sir--You have overlooked the fied to teach Chinese pupils. This ment would be prejudicial to the is consider, a wrong
health, certainly to the comfort, holt. A good teacher is a gof the European (at any rate) teacher, even if he knows nothing of the subject he is teaching. The children of the Colony. bad teachers are those who hardly enough on them at present summer months surely bear the assistance of methods or without anything being added to the light of their own so-called.
their welfare at heart.
LOCAL ENTERPRISE.
The LAUNCH OF STEAMER BY
W. S BAILEY AND CO..
On Tuesday Messrs. W. S.
|
1923.
COMBINATION LESSON,
the
intelligence, take pride in reding. The worries of those who have Bailey and Co. Lid, launched creditors' petitions and ten debtors' $83.718.12. In 1923 it was $15.727. (lobbing, smashing or sending back restrain themselves, breaking out in
in hammering their points inte the weary and distrustful heads
of pupils whose intelligence and originality are laboriously and conscientiously murdered in the name of Education, but with the
leяx
and
real object of securing a worth soon-forgotten pro ficiency in Examination subjects. the teaching profession every
Such men are the majority in where to-day. They act happily in contravention of every law of science, reason and sanity. They put the 'subject' before the pupil with the worst possible results
A child at present goes out for
looking at it from the point of There is yet another way view of the child, and that is that at present it can derive benefit from bathing, picnics which per
was increase of 115. Receptacles in
tion,
for both. (The most appropriate force have to be regulated by the flags, gracefully took the water $roj.$98.25 being $22,032.75 less transit which were handled gunshots. After playing his opponent all. The seventh and eighth gamce coat of arms for most schools of sun. With the hours as they are amid the usual firing of crackers than the previous years. Land jbered 144,541 as against 133,498 laout of position, Snodgrass would provided some of the best tenuis to-day would be a small and weary at present they can return before for "good joss," and the launching registration fees in the New 1923-am increase of 10,043. 5,838 send over & chop which would just of the day
horse preceded by a large cart.)
Get the man with the sym- not if a scheme such as you time honoured manner by young and crown lease fees to $170.
pathetic mind, the creative instinct, the psychological under standing, and the humble ati tude; if he is a man of culture. so much the better. "Don't worry how he came to be what he is He'll help to leaven this very Jumpish lump.
Yours, etc., JOHN W. N. SMITH.
Professor of Education, Hongkong University.
Hongkong, May 12,
A MOTHER.
To the Editor of the China Mail.)
(To the Editor of the China Mail.) jagreement with Safety First. I
HOME MAIL.
-
and 9.302 left, an increase of 540 and 938 over the previous year's figures.
From 3-4 and 4-5
KINSEYƏ HEAT CLOCK.
And from bathing most children being taken of the group. advocate was put in operation. master
the visitor went on dorive real benefit in a climate
Arturo Corpus, photos
miniscent of Ng Sze kwong at his to take the first set, 7-5, by winning
such as ours.
best, made with much less effort. three games in succession, Peking, May 13.-The vernacular
Just as on the previous day, he was The party then adjourned to the papers state that Yang Sen has
inclined to be erratic and except in daylight saving scheme.
Personally I am all against aand the usual toists, Mr. Bailey in as the result of the recent fighting on the Roll of leased lands in the real Snodgrass who ranks sixth but Hongkong took the next three
firm's office for light refreshments gained mach ground in Szechuan
Another struggle was seen in the the closing stages of the first set, early part of the second set. The total Crown Rent shewn could not have been anything like Kinseys won the first three games The Yours, etc.,
proposing Success to the Bataan and that he intends to besiege Hongkong and Kowloon (exclud presenting young Mr. Corpus with Chungking, the headquarters of ing the Villages entered in the a handsome wrist watch suitably his chief rival, Tang Shi-ho, the Village Rent Roll) amounted for
in American singles.
by some brilliant play. In four of Hongkong, May 13.
inscribed as 'a
O'CALLAGHAN'S DISPLAY. memento of the Civil Governor. Meanwhite, Yuan the year ending December 25,
these six games, the score went to Captain O'Callaghan again dis.euce showing how close the game occasion. Safety First.
Tsu-ning and Liu Wen-husi are 1924, to $573.395.34 an increase of tinguished himself, putting all he was going. "With the score 6-8 stated to be proceeding from the $24,318.87 an the preceding year. knew into the game, now and then against them. Hongkong mude an South along the river to Tang The not increase of lots appearing beating the Americans for speed, other effort, winning both on Ng Shi ho's assistance (Courtesy of on the Roll, was 158. These and often winning deserved up Sz-kwong's and Howard Kinsey's Sir,-1. wish to register my patire
the. Dally Bulletin.)...
increases are mainly due to the plause for beautiful strokes. With-rvice and once more drew level. The London letter mail of Apri
Peking, May 13-It is reported lots in New Kowloon.
grant of a large number of new out considering the respective 5 all. From that stage onwards, Sir-Is "Interested" really in-Street (Alligators' Alleyway) is very arrived by the P. und O. stearner are en route to Peking, one to De Observatory very kindly promised Colony could put on a court to-day presentatives were not in any way
cannot be contested that Ice House 16, and parcels of April 8, via Suez from a reliable Chinese source that
scores, a very good judge of the the Kinseys asserted their terested? He says it is dangerous narrow and during business hours Kalyan this morning.
two brigades of Fengtien troops
game remarked that he and Ng Sze superiority and Hongkong only to generalise. I fall to see any frightfully congested and a protent
The Director of the Peking wong were the strongest pair the Look one more game but, our specialisation in his letter. I am cannot be said to be out of place. rather afraid he does not know
The mail comprised 303 -bags stationed at Nvernment circles to send twice daily to the Hang-beter even than bimself and disgraced.
Nanyuan, at what he is talking about.
The Americans," after hutters and 106 bags parcela, delivery is admitted that some Fongtied, kong Observatory weather tele. Tottenham. Yesterday they ap winning the second set at 7-6, took First, there are the share brokers of which commenced from an early troops are expected to arrive in Shanghai-Kwaog and Newchang. first time and they played with third set, 'one on Howard's tricky Some reference was made to the of ten in the morning and five in the
who congregate between the hours hour after arrival.
grams from Talying. Kalgan, peared as a pair in public for the two more games to lend 2-0 in the local University: Perhaps "IR-afternoon and they constitute an
North China shortly, but it is: terested" is one of those who obstruction. Why can't these mer.
denied that their ultimate desti- They have since been received the understanding of an experienced and stinging service, going to dence. nation has been settled, or that sporadically in batches. They combination although they lost in O'Callaghan served, and playing upon no ab they could to pounce chants do their business is met pedestrians, running for business, they are coming for beligerent would be an invaluable addition comparison with the, redoubtable nicely with his Chinese partner
honours men from this own institution of ours, and do all that u
offices instand of using thus constituting a menace to other purposes. Courtesy of the Dally received in time for the Daily dashes of his brilliant self, shots of Thereafter, the brothers, won four to the Chefoo observations If Americans Ng Sze-kwong, gave the net, reduced the deficit to 21. is in their power to turn them their
public thoroughfare to hold people who have legitimate use of
Bulletin. from the career for which they canvase for business? meetings and
Weather Maps, remarks the street. I may also mention that perhaps
the all sorts proving that he has lost games easily, making the last set were prepared.. Of course, I refer First' has told us what the Law on auction room and issuing therefrom
Bafoty
in this particular street there is an
annual report of the Director of none of his old skall but that he was 6-1. the Royal Observatory. to the engineering graduates, for the subject is, and it is up to the from time to time masses of people
In want of first-class practice. He they are the only fortunate. (7) Police to see that the law is upheld. who help to congest the street
gave of his best at the net. " cnes who are given the oppor-
The number of registered backhand-apt to be a little wild- tunity of taking bonours. Sir, the and chairs on either sido of the will take much aotion as they may
Secondly, there are the rickshaws further!
The P. O ad. Bardinis left articles handled by the Post has gained in strength at the cost Shanghal for this port on May 12 st Office last year amounted to of his foreland: engineering graduate, be he an street.
It is to be hoped that the Police pm, and s das here to morrow at 851,973 as compared with 808,002 honours man or merely a pass
about 3 pm.. man, la no more fitted for teaching, hulsora wheat gestesports for a d
Thirdly, there are the exchange deem fit to make this thoroughfare pot left singsong on day is far blwers 13,006 and 12.076 respectively showed up to advantage oven is he In 1923 an increase of 53,971 Taking Snodgrass to thirty games The 3.7.55. “Sarpedon" from Lavor. The Bguret for insured articles before he lost two eta onda of ten, who can hardly express coolied rickshaws taking up more not have to dodge about to avoid Havre, Lerpool and Gasgow will be ordinary and insured, which were from derves when he played ing Its eighteenth athletic meeting or three that the ordinary pedestrain would The B. e. Ajax for Genos, an increase of 1,835. Parcels, gave the appearance of suffering Lusitano Recreation Club is holde hirdeel in the King's English:
Imay be going a bit beyond the may say that these brokers, on Police and it is sincerely hoped that arrived at Yokohams on Kay & pm left
than balf the street. In passing, I injury. It is a mattor for the The CP, R., capres of Asia dealt with reached a total of 30% 1 with confidence and strategy. He on the Hongkong Football Club limits of the discussion, but this would think, consider that the the G. 8. P. will take the matter in Tokobajas on May 9 pm, and la due at Croms of 31074. The decremer knew just how he could get his ground," Happy Valley, commerc
rus'ngsinst 417,869 in 1923 de
shkun BoNool time is a httle boy street in either two
18 the first case that comes to my whole street, and indeed the whole ind and I cannot help setting it of the colony, belong to them, for apparently they are regardless of
down.
Torus, etc.
hand
"MUCH INCONVENIENCED Hongkong, May 14.
STEAMER MOVEMENTS.
despatched at noon on May 16..
Vancouver on, May 1851.
mattributed to various offices closing Con Ba Paddiyadareus to from "direct paral malls in other ad Raadio Fosterinks Lobet yetirdiy for ministrations instead of sending this port and is ane here on May lay through Hongkong
HONDA IN SINGLES.
Hia
-HOTаPOR
SPORTS MEETING.
LUSITANO CLUB ON SATURDAY
On Saturday (May 16) the
points and went about to score log 12.30 p.m.
cording to his tactics. That lis] An open avont---220 yards Cham- cross-court forehand drive is more planship to the Colony is on the than useful is proved by the manner Programme.