LLOYD'S REGISTER.
ORIGIN AND GROWTH.
A PASCINATING STORY,
Up to 1799 vessels were assigned the classes to which I have already referred by the surveyors who carried out the examination, but in that year A new system was introduced by the underwriters, who were responsible for the publication. The new basis of classification was almost entirely In the nature of things, travelling dependent on the place of build of the For instance, a and the transport of goods by sea is vessel and her age. accompanied by a certain amount of vessel built on the Thames or at one risk and from the earliest times of the Royal dockyards or in India the first-class measures were taken to guard against was continued on the risk by various systems of in-for 13 years, while vessels built
Wales, Scotland or surance. In the sixth century under lin
North-East Coast, were the Justinian Code 6 per cent. was the
the ordinary and legal only allowed eight years. Ships fixed as standard of interest, 8 per cent. was built at certain ports on the South allowed for manufacturers and mer-Coast of England were granted 12 chants, while 12 per cent, was grant years. while some of the Channel ed for the "perilous adventure of ports and Liverpool and Bristol were
nautical insurance."
&
in
THE CHINA MAIL.
should be as nearly as possible Investigations"were made as to the
correct indication of the real suitability of this material, with the i
intrinsic quality and
of the result that it was accepted by the | ship." Classes were to be asdsigne committee, and a reduction of 20 per:
after ca du only by the committee
cent was allowed from the scantlings inspection of the reports of the surrequired for iran vessels. veyors and of the documents hichw may be submitted to them."
+
CURIOUS MEDICAL
PROBLEM.:
HEART BEATS SEVEN HUURS AFTER BREATHING STOPS.
In 1888 complete new rules were brought out for steel vessels, steel having by that time hergely super- A curious medical problem has seded trot for ship construction. · arisen through the peculiar nature of The same procedure has been | the death of a dustman la the employ followed with machinery, and whereas of the Paddington Council in 1834 the merchandise of the world The man, Loo Major, aged 38, was carried in wooden sailing.vessels, | of Alberts-terrace, Milton-avenue, we have now ships propelled by steam | Stonebridge Park, was admitted to reciprocating engines, by fast running hospital suffering from sleepy, sick turbines, by turbines with reduction ness. An operation on the spinal gear, and by Diesel oil engines.
MONDAY, AUGUST 8, 1921.
DAIRY FARM NEWS.
FRESH AUSTRALIAN BUTTER
"Daisy" Brand
"Dairy Maid"
"Pastry
CHEESE
Gouda (Fall Oream) Australian Cheddar Picnic (own make) Coulommier (own make)...
ADDITIONAL MEMBERS AND COMMITTERS. As time went on additions were the committee. In 1845 made to three additional sexts were provided for Liverpool. In 18634 eleven mem bers were added, 4 for Liverpool, 2 for the Clyde, and one each for the Tyne, Wear, Hull, Bristol and the Tees. In 1871 a further member was assigned to Liverpool. making eight in all in 1882 nine new members
Fillats Vessels were admited and so on, and at the present time the general committee consists of no less than 75 members, of whom nine are shipbuilders or engineers.
cord was decided upon, but during | the administration of the anaesthetic Major ceased to breathe, Artificial respiration was tried, but the man did not breathe again, although the heart continued to beat for seven any new hours and a half. The question
arises-when did death occur?
only allowed ten years. In the middle ages the Italian built in the United States, if built of Republics had lawa regulating the the live oak of the Southern States, vessels, and similar were given 12 years, but otherwise loading of
Irangements were not unusual in they had only six years. Colonial England. It was pot, however, vessels and vessels built of fir were until the early part of the 18th allowed only five years, or sometimes century that anything in the form of only four, whereas those built at elected by the scientific Institution instance as vessels fitted for carryis assistant to the society's chief sar-;
a systematic record of ships was attempted.
At this period it was the custom
Quebec or Bermuda were graaled ten
years.
It is not to be wondered at for those interested in shipping to that shipowners protested against meet for the purpose of discussing such a system. They held meetings
There is in addition a technical
committee consisting of 16 members connected with the shipbuilding and engineering industries.
In 1845 a branch committee was formed at Liverpool, and in 1900 at Glasgow, to provide for the local then similar committees have been established in America, France, the Adriatic, and in Sweden.
The constitution of the Glasgow committee will give you a very good Idea of the general lines on which the various committees are elected, and you will observe the representa
In addition there are special types
principal surveyor for Scotland and
The problems connected with each of those outstanding types have all to be considered and dealt with, and Lloyd's Register has had to wake sure before assigning the bail-mark of its classification to departure that it is fit to carry out the work required of it. of ships to be dealt with, such for refrigerated or chilled cargoes. When you consider for a moment the loss veyor, who is stationed at Glasgow, which might be entailed by ineffis empowered to deal with the plans cient refugerating appliances in the of all vessels to be built in Scotland case of a vessel bringing home many th order to avoid the delay and con- meat from Australia, New Zealand submitting them to London. or the River Plate you will under-
The society is not a company,) stand how important it is for every- thing connected with the construc has no shareholders, and pays DO tion of such vessels to be carefully | dividend. The revenue derived from supervised.
the fees charged for surveys, &c.. So important has cold storage now pays the salaries of the staff and become, that the society has been other expenses, and any balance gnes
Baddocks Kippers Red Herrings
$1.45 per lb.
1.35 1.16
n
12
$1.25 per lb.
1.00
.60 a jar.
.40 per pat.
4
FISH
$ .80 per lb.
.70 * 11
.60 " 13
,30
THE DAIRY FARM, ICE & COLD STORAGE Co., Ltd.
RUTHERFORD DIVORCE.
EDUCATION 'GRIND.'
their business affairs at a coffee house and passed resolutions denouncing it control of the society's affairs. Since thousands of tons of frozen or chilled sequent inconvenience caused through;"THE WOMAN IN THE CASE." "ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF
and
kept by one Edward Lloyd. The as "founded in error and calculated eerliest reference to this establish to mislead the judgment of mer underwriters," and ment appears in the London Gazette chants of February 18, 1668. At that time predicted injurious consequences to the coffee house was situated in all concerned, Tower-street, and from 1692 cowards
it was in Lombard-street.
In the course of time this establish-
EARLIEST RECORDS.
It would appear that certain records of shipping called "ships' lists" were kept. Probably for a considerable time these were in manuscript and were passed from hand to hand, but about 1725 they were put into type and circulated in the form of a printed register.
Classi
SHIPOWNERS' ANIMOSTI.
Their protestations were, however
shipowners and underwriters, and started a book of their own known as the Shipowners' Registry or Red
Book. (The underwriters' registry was known as the Green Book,)
It is somewhat surprising to note that the shipowners reproduced in their registry precisely the same error as that which they took such strong exception in the case of the underwriters' registry, making the place of build the predominant factor in determining the classification.
The result was that two registries were in existence at the same time, a situation which proved to be incon venient and unsatisfactory.
In 1823 the discontent-became so
Four members elected by the Glas- gow Under-writers Associating.
Three members elected by the Glasgow Shipowners' Association.
Two members elected by the Clyde Steam Shipowners' Association.
One member elected by the Girde Sailing Shipowners' Association.
One member elected by the Charo ber of Commerce.
One member elected by the Mer
chants' House; and
One member elected by the
Greenock Chamber of Commerce and Greenock Shipowners Association jointly.
country,
CLASSIFICATION OF A NEW SHIP.
OTHER WORK.
surveyor and members of his staff
was given to the Shipping Controller and to the Controller General of Merchant Shipbuilding.
COUSIN'S ARHAVIOUR CRITICISED
BY JUDGE
STUPIDITY."
1919 owing to the social position of FAMOUS WARSHIP'S END.
the parties.
Miss Richardson
appeal.
*
ECHO OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS BATTLE
The battle cruiser "Inflexible" is the latest addition to the list of war- ships to be broken up. The "Inflexible "
took part in the
Von Spee's flagship. Scharnhorse and her sister croiser
to siak
"Greisenan foresaw
was
An
or hire one of the giant nating docks The Admiralty are prepared to sell
surrendered by Germany. Another of them is to be used for repairing British warships at Chatham
The two ex-German submarines, U 135 and U 163, were blown up in Channel in conformance with the
"There is to mastery of anything without "grind,'” remarked Dr. David There was an echo of the famous At the spech day celebrations at Rutherford murder trial in the Rugby School, "but I think grind" ment became the headquarters of/ ur.beeded, and the shipowners there tive character of the bodies entitled | ealied upon to supervise the construc-to the fund to provide staff pensione | Divorce Court, Mrs. Rutherford, the has been overdone, and it has resulted wife of Lieutenant-Colonel Norman in many cases in the artificial pro- maritime business, and especially of upon formed a society of merchants to elect members. The committer tion, so far as the refrigerating The society is, moreover, a generous Cecil Rutherford, D.S Q, R.A.M.C.,. duction of stupidity.
appliances are concerned, of a num contributor to technical education who is at present in Broadmoor "We are eliminating all such marine insurance, and from this small
consists of
ber of large buildings throughout the and experimental and research work Criminal Lunatic Asylum, petitioning mental exercises which lead to beginning sprang what is now the
and provides no less than 14 scholar for a divorce on the ground of her nowhere, kill all interest, prevent en- world-famous Corporation of Lloyd's,
ships in naval architecture and husband's cruelty and misconduct joyment, and stifle enthusiam." You may be interested to know engineering, each tenable for three with Amy Elizabeth Richardson, a He expressed the belief that the the procedure which is followed to years at various universities. One cousin of the colonel's, who inter- new methods of education would class a new ship at Lloyd's. First word about the society's effort in the vened in the suit.
produce a type of men with more in- plans are submitted by the builders Allied cause. The services of the
Lieutenant-Colonel Rutherford was itiative, more self-celiance, and more showing the sizes proposed for the society's surveyors were placed by found guilty of the murder of Major self-assertion, in the best sense, than various parts of the hull, machinery the committee at the disposal of his Miles Charles Cariston Seron, a friend in the past. and boilers. These plans are Majesty's Government and of the of the family, and the case created a examined by a special staff and French and American Governments, big sensation in the early days of approved after such amendments as and the assistance of the chief ship may be found necessary. The material It is acfortunate that no early
is then ordered and is tested by the coples of this register are now in
surveyors at the steelmakers' works
denied that there had been misconduct emphatically existence, but this was probably due to the fire which destroyed the Royal
before delivery to the builders. All The oldest copy
It will thus be seen that a Plia casting and forgings are also examined Exchange in 1838.
Over 900, vessels were built under though on one occasion the colonel of a register of shipping which can great that public meetings were held, ment of Shipping has been formed during manufacture and rested. the inspection of Lloyd's Register for Went to her bedroom, when she gave be traced is dated 1794-56. Unlike and finally a committee of inquiry in which all interests are presented. During the actual construction of the the Admiralty, in addition to a large him "a cousinly wigging," and he the later volume, this book was was appointed consisting of 8 mer and I suggest that Lloyd's Register vessel the surveyor is in constant number of auxiliaries for the War went away.
Mr. Justice Branson, in a considered oblong in shape, and its singed edges chants, 8 underwriters, 8 shipowners, presents a remarkable example of attendance at the builder's yard or Office. Large orders for condenser bear evidence of having passed and 9 representatives of the outports voluntary effort for the preservation engine shop, and it is his duty to see tubes, boiler tubes, copper pipes, &c,ment, found that misconduct had taken place, and granted Mrs. through the flames. The information The investigation of this committee of a high standard of efficiency for that the approved plans are adhered were placed in America by the Rutherford a decree. Stay of execu it contained was very complete, com- extended over a period of two years, the shipping industry. Bot what to and that the workmanship is Government, and all this matention was granted in view of 43 Fakland lands battle, and helped prising the former and present names and their report shows clearly what about the actual work of supervision? satisfactory. On completion the was inspected and tested by the of the vessels, the names of the great pains they took to obtain the This work is carried out by a highly machinery is tried unde: steam. The society's surveyors before shipment.
His Lordship, giving judgment, said The great trained technical staff, none of anchors and chains are also tested About 1,400,000 tons of shell steel owners and the masters, the ports fullest information.
which the between which the vessels traded, difficulty
Inquiry whom is permitted to have any at one of the proving houses, which, ude in Britain for the French he had no dificulty in deciding that the charge of cruelty was proved, in financial interest in stips or any although now owned by the society, Government were also inspected and and that left the issue of misconduct the tonnage, the number of crew Committee
with the financial thing connected therewith. No are under their direct supervision. tested. All the merchant vessels and guns, the port and year of connection
to be decided. support of the proposed register if surveyor is allowed, for instance, to If the vessel, as is now generally the surrendered by Germany were the build, together with
His lordship pointed out that be an interest in any patent case, is supplied with an electric amined and reported upon, besides a fication printed in the column ind- established on the liberal basis which have
must be satisfied by evidence, adma cating the year in which the vessels they perceived to be a necessary con- connected with ships or machinery.light installation, this also is examin- large number of neutral ships
sible against each of the alleged guilty were respectively, surveyed, the last dition of success. They recorded and if he should devise any improve ed during the process of fitting and is chartered by the Allies. columa ('66) being left blank to their conviction that all expectationment or innovation he is required to tested on completion, The surveyors
interesting incident which parties.
As regards Colonel Rutherford, receive the latest alterations in writ of raising a'sum suficient to cover immediately report the facts to the then send in their reports, which occurred during the war, Blustrative there was no difficulty. He was seen Peace Treaty conditions.
the estimated expenditure must, committee, who decide what action contain full particulars of various of the value attached to the Register by Miss Louth to enter Miss Richard- ing.
Most of the vessels recorded in except under the sanction of Parlia he should take in order to get rid of parts of the hull, er gines, and boilers, book, is worth mentioning. Despite son's room late on a night in Septem- this volume are of very small size, mentary provision, prove visionary his interest and thus regularise his and if these are satisfactory the cat the utmost precautions which were
mittee assiga to the vessel the class adopted to prevent copies of the book Mainwaring White that he had been he did, that at various other points
ber, 1916. but at the same position. but there are several of four, five, and hopeless; "
reaching the enemy, it appears that and six hundred tons, two of eight time, they pointed out that
In order to entitle her to retain bera copy of each of the registers for in bed with her, and he did not in the cise hundred, and one as large as nine direct interposition of public sup- HOW LLOYD'S KEPT ABREAST OF THE for which she is eligible, hundred tons.
all probability. would, in
class, however, the hull machinery 1915-16 and 1916-17 found their way appear to deny what upon the The classes assigned to these transfer to the Executive Govern- It will be readily understood that and botters are required to be sub to Germany. There volumes, each of evidence one would naturally assume admitted behaviour was more con- vessels were designated by the letters ment the superintendence of a owing to the number of years during mitted to periodical surveys so as to about 1.500 pages royal quarto, were to have taken place. But he could sistent with her misconduct than with A. E. I, O. U. which referred to the system imperatively requiring for its which it has been in existence and to ensure that they are properly kept up. photographed page by page and re not profess to be satisfied that Colonel ber lanocence, it assisted him to the His lordship pointed out that Mrs. bulls, while the letters G. M. and B. effective administration the aid of the wide sphere of its operations, the If the vessel sustains any damage the produced for the information of the Rutherford had committed miscon conclusion at which he had arrived. meaning good, middling, and bad, remercantile and professional know society has at its disposal experience same must be repaired to the satisfac German Admiralty, and particularly duct with Miss Richardson unless he Rutherford's solicitor from the outst
experience." It is a and data which no other institution tion of the surveyors.
for the use of commanders of subfekt equally satisfied that she had pressed Miss Richardson to submit to lated to the equipment. Thus AG. ledge and would denote a first-class ship with a tribute to the wisdom and prevision could possibly procure. All such in- You will thus see that not only is marines. good outfit, while UB. would indicate of the gentlemen who formed this formation is carefully collated at the the vessel and her machinery In the film captured from Germany a ship of the lowest class with a bad Committee of Inquiry that they ex- head office and is invaluable when supervised during construction, but entitled "The Adventures of U 34, evening in September, 1916, Miss that if the result supported her story pressed a point of view in regard to considering the various proposals, her subsequent upkeep is assured so it is one of these photographed re- Richardson, on her way to bed, told the proceedings would be withdrawn.
prints of Lloyd's Register and not the for 1775-6 is Government control in almost exact some of them of a novel nature, long as she retains her class. noteworthy as being the earliest book ly the same form of words as is be- which are from time to time submittWhen I tell you that about 28 book itseif, which appears in the film and that he was coming to her bed of such exaggerated modesty that room that right; that Miss Louth they would rather a false accusation extant containing the now familiar ing used everywhere to day after aned for consideration.
million tons are at present classed in which the submarine officer is class of AL In this book also the experience of 100 years.
During the past 100 years there with the society, and that 4 million shown in the act of erasing a tor waited up, and heard and saw the against them of misconduct should alterations were posted, or stamped, No financial support was, however, has been a remarkable advance both tons of new ships were actually being pedoed merchant vessel from the Colonel go into Miss Richardson's succeed than submit to examination, room; that she then returned to her even by a medical practitioner of in type, which practice has continued forthcoming from the Govern in ship construction and in methods of constructed under the society's super pages of the Register. down to the present time as regards ment, and by 1833 things had come propulsion, and as each step forward vision at the end of March" last, you I trust that this somewhat sketchy own room, below Miss Richardson's, their own sex, it was plais to him that Miss Richardson was not one. Her conduct in remaining in the to such a pass that there appeared has been taken the carefully kept will appreciate that the number of account of the origio, growth and and heard them talking, and went to to be a possibility of the registers ceas records of the past have enabled the surveyors and staff necessary to over-functions of Lloyd's Register of Ship-
Having seen Miss Louth and house after the Colonel's request to ing operation altogether, Lloyd's there-society to bring to the consideration take this work must be large. ping has been of interest to you, and fore initiated fresh action, with the of each new move an unrivalled ex
eleventh hour the examination which In 1835, 13 exclusive surveyors I will close by quoting a remark watched her demeanour in the box ber, and in undergoing at the
he was convinced that she honestly she did undergo, disproved it. อ liule time ago and 47 non-exclusive surveyors, all of made result that in 1834 the Red and Green perience and knowledge.
believed that she was telling the In 1834 rules for wooden vessels whom are stationed in the United the secretary to the Ministry
As to the evidence of Dr, Griffiths, truth, spoke with I think a comparison of the 1835 Register of British and Foreign Ship only were required, but in 1855 it be Kingdom, sufficed to carry on the of Shipping, who
Mrs. Rutherford had sworn that he was unable to say that the poss many years experience as assistants Richardson had said to her, book with the current edition epito ping was established on je present came necessary to publish rules for work.
bility of misconduct was excinded, the present time the surveying secretary of the Marine Department of Would it help you if I were to thought it would be wag to allow
and therefore mises the progress which has been basis. Under its original constitution iron vessels, which in 1863 were re
be (his lordship) made.
the committee consisted of 8 mervised and brought up to date in the staff consists of 274 exclusive survey the Board of Trade. He said: "Lloyd'a admit that I committed misconduct ? " chants, 8 underwriters, and 8 ship light of the experience which had ore at home and 181 abroad, and 3 con- Register is one of the democratic Miss Richardson said that she had this evidence to outweigh the other owners, with the chairmen of Lloyd's been gained with vessen built of this exclusive surveyors at home and 53 institutions in the world. It is a ad," Would it help you if I were and of the General Shipowners' material, and in 1870 these rules abroad, a total of 511 The staff in natural growth, and it means the
the woman in the case ?" Whichever Society as members ex-officiis.
were further revised.
cludes specialists in refrigerating work, regulation of the industry by those the form of words used, could such The practice of classing vessels The first iron vessel to be classed in electrical work, and in the manufac with the best brains in the industry an offer have come from an innocent While the progress of the book according to place of build or of which there is any record was the ture of forgings and of castings. In by, a process of free selection.”
Woman? itself is of interest, I think it is of on the decision of the surveyor "Sirius,” of 180 tons, built åt London 1835 one surveyor was able to cope
(Abstract of an address by Mr P. greater importance to deal with the was abandoned, and the general in 1837.
with all the work in the Clyde district, L. Warlow, secretary of Lloyd's particulars the book contains and the principle on which the register wan In 1877 steel began to come into [but to-day fifty-seven are required, Register-Glasgow Committee, before
to act was to assign a class which use for ships and boilers, and careful and further, Dr. Montgomerie, the Rotary Club, Glasgow.)
outfit.
The register
a certain proportion of the registers, and in this respect Lloyd's register book stands alone.
Time will not permit me to go into
a detailed recital of the various developments of the register book, hat;
"It is also, I suggest, worthy of note that the subscription for a copy of the 1835 book was three guineas, and that this remained unaltered right up to 1920, a period of 85 years.
baxis of the information.
port
I COULD JUST
"the
Books were amalgamated and Lloyd's
DIE DANCING -
THINK LAM:
TIMES.
BRINGING
BY GÓLLY! CARRYIN'
A HOD 1S A VACATION
·COMPAREO TO DANCIN WITH THAT WOMAN -1. FEEL LIKE AS IF I WOŻ BEATEN UP!
UP
MAGGIE-DID
•
FATHER.
YOU SEE
ME DANCING- WITH MISS
INSTER?
CERTAINLY: DID THAT GIRL JUST
LOVES DANCING:
by
He admitted to Dr.
committed misconduct with him.
Miss Louth's evidence was that one
ber she was in love with the Colonel,
bed.
Richardson's
medical examination, intimating
Assuming that there were women
mattéra
He was satisfied that. Colonel Riberford and Miss Richardson committed misconduct, and be pro- nounced a decree nisi with coots against Colonel Rutherford and Miss Richardson.
EXAGGERATED MODESTÍ," It was not impossible, but it was | Stay of execution was granted in improbable," and "when, he found, as | view of an appeal,
WELL-IT'S
A WONDER SHE WOULDN'T
LEARN HOW-