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{Continued.) So much prominance has been given of late to the subject of opium divan (or "Dens" as they are called in England) that I think it may be useful to add a few
observations on them.
SATURDAY, MARCH 13, 19C9.
should only be allowed to be open during from this convention. The Government of fixed hours may 7 sim; to 11 p.m. and no Hongkong bas, however, at once come far. customers abould be allowed to sleep end to alat so far as it can. Begulations the premises. Bestrictions of this kind are have been fasued, making it obligatory to to control more effectively the transit traile being placed on divans, so long as any obtain a license and to declare port of remain in Hongkong.
destination, and establishing one forem Every race in the World in every age has menti warehouse only, an exhibited a desire for something to not through Hongkong amounted to about 400 The presont axports to all constriem pleasurably on the nervous system sither cases in 1807to which may be added the as a stimulant or a sedativo and Sir William trade in opium compounda" (which ars Divans-which must not be confused | Roberts who analysed the medical evidence chiefly opin and morphia pila), amount- of with oplam shops, whose rôle in the pre-given before the Indian Commission (of in 100% and 1907 to an average
7,998 lbs. Faration and sale (or sale only) of opium-refers in his extremely interesting report form for injection, but also in the ins
which he was the expert medical member). Morphia is not only imported in a liquid. are places where opium is sold for smoking to the "Euphoric" and non-medicinalsidious form of so-called “anti-opium on the premises, or where a fee is paid for affects of stimulants and sedatives, which pills, which are sold in vast quantities, as the privilege of ameking. There is of courge are so essential to the nervous organization missioner of Imperial Marition Custers A one for epiunt awoking. The Uom means of preventing persons from pre-of mau, as io constitute a profound states that these morphis pills are obtain
nativet of haman nature,”
able in every medicine shop in Canton and their sale is increasing. The offer of a Lord Brassey's Commission (which re-reward of Tis, 15 for every 12 oz. detected
| pacing and awoking both opim and drous in their own houses if they wish to do so,
In Hongkong there are 100 divers. They corded its proceedings in seven volumos produced on result, and proves how are under the control of the Police and totaling 2,550 pages of small print) in an lucrative the business in. The Comeni Sanitary Department and the Protector of cyclopedia of information on every aspect General at Canton sout me some samples of the opium question, which should be of pills for analysis. They contained. Chinese. A divan consists of a single room studied by everyone interested in the gramms The Viceroy acting on the trata and a'r grain (1-3 to 17 which if quite full might accommodate 30 matter. Innumerabla witnesses of every orders of the Central Government there- persons at a time Mr Clementi estimates class were examined and reports (in upon issued a Proclamation, directing that the total who smoke in divans as some reply to a series of questions) were received me must be devised for the super- 14,463 persons which only gives an average from Hongkong, Eingapore, and ether the amounts of sales roduced, and the vision of all shops selling anti-opinas pills, for each divan of 76. Thereforo if each places. The most eminent of Indian analysis mere carefully made. He parti person remained 3 hours the average Administrators wrote reports and collected cularly laid emphasis xpon the fact that in occupants, would only be 13 or 14 instead fetatistics for it. The commissioners record my lattor to the Consal General I had of 30, since divans are only open from this weighty opinion: "We have made pointed out that the vendors of the pills were in many casos exhibiting sign-boards am, to midnight. A personal inspection exhaustive enquiry into the consumption stating that they ware sold under Goverts showed them to be quiet and orderly. The ef opium in India and its defects, We find ment authority, sud in that case tr
no avidapper of extensive moral or physical Chidee Government were merely substitu smokora appeared generally to be friends degradation from its use. It is extensively ing a worse form of opium consumption engaged in animated conversation, smoking used for non-medical and quasi-madical Colenice under false pretences, & coopera after obtaining from India and the British tobacco, eating fruit and drinking a with purposes in some cases with benefit, and tion which seriously affected heir Revenue. an occasional whiff from the optom pipe. for the most part without serious con- Thility samples of pills from Shanghai were There were none in a state of stupefaction sequences." This verdict refers to the also recently analysed at the request of though the visit was between 10 and 11 p.. eating of opium, which expert evidence contained from tor of a rain if mory- Sir A. Hosie. In 17 amplos each pill The Colonial Secretary, Mr May, with goes to show is much more potent in its hine, the remainder (All but two) contained 3 years' experience at Head of Police, who effects than making: Sir William Roberts lesser quantities. bad constantly visited the divans at allfa his summary staten that proof has boan hours of the day and night, stated that he given that smokers might continue the had never soen a man bore the worse for habit for 10, 23, or 30 years without detri the drug. He himself though very sud-
The Government Analyst in Hongkong" has found as much as 26 per cent. of mor phi in some of the anti-opium pills int ported for sale here, but the locs restric ment to their health. It has been the tions to which shall presently alfade Esta ceptible even to tobacco hnd smoked many and is extensively, given, to children, and thaa about 16 per cal. from the universal household remedy for centuries, been effective in excluding sny containing pipes in succassion with no result. is a useful digestive to a rice-esting people.
market.
Dr Graham Aapland writing from Paking!
Dr
Ayres who studied the question for 20
Ts is stated to be a prophylactic against his addressed vary wriking appeal on years amaked-3. mese (174.pl) and though modern research this pubject to the China Time: He say secutively is much As normie wuld probably negative this theory, therein smoker would spoke in a day-without is ho acubt that it affords a means of relief la tabloids contain morphis
feeling any result at all..
A divan licence in Hongkong costs B10 (£1) per annum and is renewable annually, nd the place is comparable to our public houses in England, in so far as it affords & resort where the tired coolie may rest and epjay his tobacco and frait with a little opium, or where friends of the better
They are sold and
where remedies sro not available and is prepared by a British Erm doing bots therefore of spacial ralup in a country like wholesale and retail business here in Chitis. China whore irrigation is so extensive, nudo mary band of morphis tabloids, am low lying valleys planted with rice Galds being sold in China at this prosent moment abrand. Dr Crombie, Superintendent of I would not like to renture to
to guess, but I the Government Hospital of Calcutta, went prepared to belleve it is appalling. so far as to state it as his opinion to the Eros in rometa ouatry villages morphia Commission that to deprive the people of tabloids and hypodermic syridges are fres terrible and wanton cruelty."
malarist district of opium would he "aquently seen, and a condition of things which allora a Chinaman I-know to buy daily a dram battle of Japanese morphia Back authoritative opinions as those, besod
(30 grains) imperatively calls for restriction classes may meet and discuss affairs, but on one of the most exhaustiva enquiries not, prohibition. There can be no óxe
ever held into any such subject must arrost | 150 the attention, and demand the earnest vou the sale of these suti opium tabloids for tennsting circumstances associated with sideration of those who approach this sub- I have not found one that contained any ject from no ex-ports point of view, The
question at issue is whether looking to the antidotal drug sep stimulant or tonics fact that all races at all times have adopted ingredients, but simply mo phin made inte tabloid with ordinary household flour, so redative, we bomo form of stimulant may not by misdirected zeal substitute a that the sale is not accompanied with any worse for a comparatively harmlass habit. but finding that there is a big market, for honest intention of relieving the suffering,
it contrasto strongly with a Public Houso in that it is quiet nid orderly. Women and children are absolutely excluded.
Mea who have homes of their own will, in the absence of divane, smake in their women's quarters an they are now reportad to be doing in Canton. Thus the evil hitt.Fow I think will be found who will Loppose to excluded from domestic life will be troduced into the home, where women and children will probably become participal 18 The idea therefore that smoking at hom is lass harmful than smoking in a public din is based on a misconception of the uate
of
a diven as it exists at any rate in Honghe It is trao that the criminal classes frequ at the divans, because they are often smokers. but they go there for no visious purpose other than smoking, the place is tou opeu and public for discussing secret plans, and there is no immorality.
forts for restriction and control, ad for orphis tnder the name of anti-opiou ensuring wederation, but for my own art tabloids and powders foreign trading com I view with much misgiving the affompt at his fallow this lucrativo trailer total abolition of opium smoking, and of under the heading of bonefactors." The the methods by which the habit is at pre-Editorial of the China Medient Jonernal" a writer goes on to quote from "this recent sent kept under dee control.
Professor Gilce has demonstrated that in cathing denunciation of the Trade in ancient times the Chinese were addicted to fit and stinks to heaven with its gross "parent medicines" which "reeks, with alcohol till it was replaced by opiums. Drunkenness is not considered disgraceful, and abemiumblo neléshness. and the Chinese are proud of their powers
What the dangor is may be gatheredt of drinking and are never voluntary at from the report of the Government Analyst Stainers... Mr Fox, Consul Genotal of Can- made after careful enquiry by my instruc- ton, informs me that a large majority of the tions, as to the comparative quantities an officials and gentry are already fond of cost of the four methods of indulgence. wines and spirits, and would drink heavily He endorses the statement that 4 brace of if they did not smoke. The introduction of opium (233) grains) may be considered as railways into Chine will facilitats the supply accordance with his own observations
no excess smoker's quantum, na being ir The alternative resort for those with of alcohol, hitherto restricted by lack of
Eating Rating Informat money is the noisy theatre, or the rest, transport, which pun being light and por
smoking! opivas morphin, morphin, table data not need. It is also alleged, but Quantity in grains, 255) (aace)--10 aurant where much money is wasted; and I know not whether on good auth
There
$1.32
→1114cts, 7eta. Thus to produce the same narcotic effect.
which is more or less associated with the iccal manufacturing, is increasing that Cust brothel. For the coolie the alternative is seems the lule a distinct probability that I grain of injected Morphis at cost of 7 the street, or if he desire to smoke and alcobel may replace opium. Iu Hongkong conis-235 grs, of make opinna casting
substitute for
&
The
bas no home in which to indulga he must the danger of alcohol es pay some rich man's servants for the opium plum is a real ono since cheap liquor-shops abound. Opium is a sedative privilege of smoking with them. It is which tends to insetion, and there is 2 indeed anticipated that abolition of divane concensus of opinion, that it is responsible would lead to the introduction of bad for no crime, while alcohol is a stimulant characters into the quarters of the Chinese which disposes towards aggressive action
nod admittedly produces crime. Qorvauta of Europeans, and may evenextend effects of opium are rarely visible and are instead of curtailing the habit. Divans are never scan in public places Drunkenn a concomitant, and reault of the habit on the contrary iss canse of inconvenience of opiam srocking rather than an in in the public streets, and is a degrading citing cause, and they serve a useful,
spectacle
Ascond alternative to the nao of alcohol purpose in concentrating emokers, and to replace the smoking of opium is found bus bringing them under control and in the eating of the druga method supervision. They also tend to diminish hitherto practically unkown in China. smoking of opion in private houses, and which have been distributed gratis or sold The many kinds of enti opium" pills to confine it to adult males, and are in vast quantities throughout China are all check on dross eating since neither the said to contain opium, and thus the tabit keeper nor the smoker may retain the of eating instead of suwking has been This, as Sir John Jordan dross. Their complete abolition would out encouraged.
pointa out, is a far more dangerous practice improbably produce many evile not on and infinitely harder to eradicate Dr templated by those who have no actual Main, OMS, is quoted in the publia knowledge of the circumstances.
Press as stating that whereas his Mission forourly always had a large number of pécsips ander treatment for the cure of the Sebic they are ceased, to come now that those Fille w be procured.
It is to be noted that in Hongkong, whace the adult male fegulation (who along smoke) is nearly equal to the total of women and children combined, the number Another all more deplorable substitute whe smoke in divaus is only in the proper or injected bypodermically Dr Morrison, is morphis whether consumed internally tion of about 7 to who smoke outside. correspondent of The Tres, beare witness This proportion would be greatly lasa into the immense increase in the consumptian rural districts. The closing of dirane in fact that its importation cannot be checked of morplis,and lays special stress on the Shanghai and the neighbouring city is said by an increase in duties. In 1904 the to have led to no apparent dizainution in lukies were waised from 6 per cent to 200 the sale and consumption of the drug per cent and the reorded import fell from China has not hesitated to adopt the 196,133 cs in 1902, 60 DE ond, in 1906, but closing of divaus, but her ideas of justice at the present time the uroport is nearer to there is to resson, he says, to doubs that wed vested rights are not those which obtain ten tons (smuggled). He adds that " orders smong, purselves and to which expression have been given for 1,000 lbs. weight in was gived in the rooout debate on the 900 trossetion the morphis being packed ine 7, 14, 21, and 28 lb. tins, four în a case. Licensing Bill, nor has she to deal (This anugging is wholesale, while Chuisse Hongkong has) with the question of the returning from Borneo, Jara, Malay and nights of Monopolist The result, how Siam in a larga number of cases bring back
er, is reported to he very unsatisfactory, morphis as savings to Chin. The mor
phis is I believe ordered wholesale (chiefly though swing to her defective Police Force From London) and travshipped et son for any such order can only be partially smuggling operative. The hardship and injustice is The Powers have recently agreed thing proportionately greater in a British Colony, inta Chins shall be prohibited, white bath from 1.1.09, is importation of morphin and the step moto drastic, mince it is fuly ther and Chibs undertake nod to mand facture it in Chiang The Chinese Govern, The diven will gradually disappear with ment therguson lezed elaborata the cessation of smoki and fill the 15 1
inforcad.
meful agent
relate the import
(Continued on Page 3.)
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